SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT


The origin of scientific management dates back to the year 1832 when Charles Babbage discussed the principles of scientific management in his book “The economy of manufactures”. In real sense, scientific management owes its origin to Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is commonly regarded as the father of scientific management.

MEANING OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

Scientific management may be regarded as a set of scientific techniques that are supposed to increase the efficiency of an enterprise. Under scientific management, the selection of men, machines, materials is made by a scientific approach. Here, all the organizational activities are performed by rationality and proper discipline, this scientific management is a logical approach towards the solution of management and it assumes that the methods of scientific inquiry, analysis and experimentation can be applied to the activities of managers. It means approaching the problems of management in the manner and spirit of scientific research using tools such as definition, analysis, experiments, etc. It is ‘Scientific Management’ as opposed to ‘Traditional Management’ based on the rule of thumb, trial, error. As said by Peter F. Drucker “The cost of scientific management is the organized study of work, the analysis of work into its simplest elements and the systematic management of the worker’s performance of each element”.

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We can summarise scientific management as:

  1. Scientific study and analysis of work.
  2. Scientific selection and training of employees.
  3. Standardization of raw material, equipment, and working conditions.
  4. Reasonable remuneration to employees.
  5. Scientific management is an economical method that makes the best possible use by integration and coordination of available resources.
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MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

1. A definite plan: To achieve predetermined definite objectives, management needs a definite plan, and the plan should be goal-oriented.

2. A definite objective: In scientific management, every organization has to establish the basic objectives and efforts are to be made by applying physical and human resources to achieve these predetermined objectives.

3. A set of rules: To make scientific management more effective, a set of rules are framed and these sets of rules are tested and verified as regards their effectiveness in the real business situations by a group of persons.

4. Economy: The main aim of scientific management is to achieve the economy of time, money, and labor, and the technique of economy is used for producing maximum at a minimum cost.

5. Scientific analysis and experiment: Before starting any work, the utility, effectiveness, and suitability of plans are to be tested and analyzed, and thus by scientific analysis and experiment, we can choose the best course of action.

6. Increase in efficiency: The techniques of scientific management help in increasing the efficiency of workers and new techniques and improved tools are used for increasing efficiency.

7. Time study: Time study is concerned with labor productivity and according to it, an estimate is made of the amount of work required to be done to perform a job.

8. Cooperation: In the present competitive situation, efforts should be made to establish a cordial relation between labor and capital. Cooperation is essential for efficient management and group efforts for group benefit can be the active cooperation of each individual. 

Ambulance Dada

Meet Karimul Haque as known as Ambulance Dada, he is a tea garden worker in Jalpaiguri, West Bengal who ferries the ill, the poor, and the fragile to the district hospital on his bike. He turned down his bike to an ambulance. He and his bike is the lifeline for 20 villages in and around Dhalabari. This part of Bengal, known as Dooars and dominated by small tea growers, daily wagers and peasants, has mobile networks but lacks concrete roads and basic healthcare facilities.

In 1995 when he was unable to save her mother’s life due to lack of medical facility, he wasn’t found an ambulance to take her mother to the hospital, after this incident, he took an oath to himself that he, not let anyone else die due to insufficient ambulance coverage ,Haque’s motorbike ambulance plan came to him when one of his colleagues collapsed on the field. Since a regular ambulance could not reach him in time, Haque tied him to his back and made him ride pillion to the nearest hospital. His co-worker recovered from the illness, inspiring Haque to continue with this approach.

Since 1998 he providing motorcycle ambulance service around 20 villages Dhalabari, in Doar’s belt, where electricity service roads condition not well, nearest hospital 45 kilometers away. besides the ambulance service, he provides basic first-aid, medicine to the villagers. He spent most of his income on this medical service.

On 2017  he has received the Padma Shri award for his work supporting the villagers in and around Dhalabari by bringing sick people to hospital in his motorcycle ambulance.

Karimul Haque received Padmashri from the president Pranab Mukherjee 2017

Karimul Haque is the real-life hero after I read about this man I get an amazing motivation, we approx most of the time think about ourselves what we do after graduation, about our bank balance, we always think what we haven’t, People like Karimul teach us it’s not necessary to have all the things we want for our life, it’s important to have the courage and desire to do the thing.

DIGITALIZATION-A CHANGE

Companies are turning to digital marketing to survive covid-19

Today every single companies is going through many drastic changes doesn’t only have changed their way of meeting with other firms and other business activities. Due to which many companies has changed their marketing strategies to cope through this difficult times. Many companies are facing difficulty to get rid of this situation due to lot of chaos and problem that are going throughout the country but if they aren’t going to adapt this situation then it is going to be very difficult for the survival of their company in the future.
Many forward-thinking company managers has already adapt the method of digital marketing, which is changing the way of meeting, like sealing the deals in the end with a hug or hand shake and sealing workforces at the remote area.
Impact of covid-29 on businesses
If we talk about the impact of covid-19 on companies than there might be a less number of companies which are not affected by the pandemic but the major or drastic effects is faced by the companies with smaller start-ups because these companies didn’t have any idea about any kind of disease that might got viral and neither did they have any kind of reserve for future so that they can stay in their line. This small start-up like spa, saloon, beauty parlour etc have such a high revenue loss which is not going to be fulfilled in next few years, this is the time for them to try new things and stand up their business.
Now from a small to a large business everyone is going to change their way of dealing or reaching the guest. Already this century is totally dependent upon social media that is what now the companies must adopt by reaching the guest through this social sites.
How to shift a business online
Before the covid-19 every single person in the town knows which local business man sold the best clothes, handcrafted essential in the town but now no one knows which are still in that business or might have closed it due to pandemic.
To show them that they are still there they must take the help of digitalization by speaking or attracting their customer through social media, it can be either through the websites or the other media like Instagram, facebook and give a restart to their business and give them a kick-up.
Speaking to the customer
The foremost needs of the companies are to create a connection between the customer and their business to maintain the flow of your business:-
Send a corona virus mail: – Firstly inform the customer that how your business have changed due to pandemic via email to aware them from the product delivery that might be affected by COVID-19.
Make an announcement on social media:- You must attract the customer by doing a public post on instagram or on facebook so that other people also get connected through who are not known to it.

Getting started with SEO marketing: – Due to pandemic not people have different way of looking among the malls and shopping centre. Whereas now SEO has taken its place, it has got a strong hand with some brands from January to march 2020.
How to build a high impact on SEO strategy during covid-19:-
Publishing content designed to build trust:- People have changed the way of living by adopting self-isolation, social distancing. This promise must be done by following these steps so as to reassure them.
Proactively managing the corporate web presence:- To have the stand-up again in the firm, for that the company must manage their social platform to attract more customer and build their trust upon them.

Content marketing:- This is the only way companies can attract more people to know about their business because this method is also in work today and helpful in attract the target audience, either its is through blogs, videos or other content. So that people can have trust on the brand they must update their info daily.

Shifting daily operations online:- There are many few companies that take out changes in their operation daily but thanks to the modern technology like zoom, Skype and whereby which are helping many companies today to take out anywhere or at anytime with the proper functioning of their business

These are not only helping the other but also helping their own staff by building their staff skill, because these classes are highly affordable and help their member to build a bright future for their team

What’s in it for your business:- Everyone is effected by covid-19, its not the time to sit back and think everything is over in spite this is the time to take the advantage of the situation and spread up your business. When the pandemic is over no firm will directly going to interact with their customer, that is they all are going to be digital and adopt new methods to maintain the flow of their work.

Likewise many websites that are fully optimized and organized are helping the people in the health emergency crisis that is what digitalization going to help people in future.

We Forgot the product name !!

Marketing is a process to promote the product and create value with the customer by selling products or provide service. There are so many times when companies marketing so well the brand name becomes the product name. We actually don’t realize that every day we use the name of the product actually their brand name. Here is some example

Google, it’s an inseparable part of our life today, our all curiosity satisfy google, we always say that “Google it” it helps us in so many ways ,Google Is the brand name the product name is Internet search engine

Parle-G evergreen morning snack. Parle-G is the brand name and product name is Glucose Biscuit

Brand Name Colgate, product name :Toothpaste

Brand Name: Nestle Maggie Products name: Noodles

Brand name: Photoshop Product name: Image Editing software

Brand name: JCB Product name : Excavator

  • Brand name: sellotape product name: transparent Adhesive Tape
  • Brand name: xerox product name: Photocopy
  • Brand name: Vaseline, product name: Petroleum jelly
  • Brand Name Fevicol Product name Adhesive
  • Brand name: Boroline product name: Antiseptic perfumed cream

Marketing is an amazing thing, we rarely used these products name, their brand brands names are their identify.

Lead people with what they want.

This is the era of digitalization where everything works on the digital platform in this Social media marketing has gained immense importance in the last few years which has totally changed the working of the companies.Social media marketing is the use of social media platforms and website to promote a product or service.Social media platforms are build in such a way that they can track the progress, success, and engagement of advertisements campaigns.Companies address a range of stakeholders through social media marketing, including current and potential customers, journalist,bloggers and the general public.It is a powerful way of buisness to engage with the customers.It is form of internet marketing that involves creating and sharing content on social media platforms which creates a ‘Buzz’ among the people.It includes activities like posting text and images updates , videos and other content that drives customer engagement.Their are various platforms now a days through which we can do the marketing of product ie Facebook, YouTube, Pinterest, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn etc.Social media marketing helps in attaining number of marketing goals such as increase website traffic through Search engine optimisation, it increases brand awareness,it improves communication and interaction with audience’s by taking feedback.Someone has rightly quoted “If content is a king, then conversion is queen”.

Men Have Failed Let Women Take Over!❓

According to rabindranath Tagore “Women is god’s best creation”.she adds beauty, grace and charm to every aspect of life. Sadly enough, she has been neglected and her virtues glossed over by the predominant male society. Prejudice against women occupying positions of leadership are fast disappearing and their traditional role of gender objects are being rejected. The male dominated milieu whether social or political, is no longer gratifying. It is plagued with bloodshed, vengeance, envy and immorality. Communalism, fundamentalism violence and tensions have made peace and harmony with the things of the past. The world is permeated by chaos today. Only the benign and elevating presence of women on the top can bring in semblance of order in the present situation. Emotional, Afficianate, caring and yet firm, a woman is the perennial source of inspiration for man, in his Odyssey of life. She can definitely free the present world of its ugliness. Women like golda mir, indira Gandhi, Margaret Thatcher and others like them have left a permanent imprint on the history of the present and the last century. In the past, women like joan of arc and lakshmi bai have proved the strength of their convictions. They are no longer frail and untrustworthy and have risen far above from the drudgery. Today’s empowered women remind me of Lord Byron, who onces said “there is a tide in the affairs of women God knows nowhere”! That takes off point has been reached now, the point where they should express and assert their identity and actively be allowed to participate in all sphere . Once this is done the world will certainly be a better place to live in.

🌲The wishing tree 🌲

A lone traveler was passing through a desert on a hot day. He was tired, feeling thirsty and hungry too.At least, he needed a shady spot to rest for a while. A big leafy tree came into view at some distance away. He felt glad and said to himself, “Had I water to drink, now.” Yes, he found a tumbler full of cold water on the ground right in front of him. He sat down there and started sipping the water. Then, he wished “Had I something to eat, right here.” Immediately, a variety of dishes appeared before him. He was under the shade of Kalpa – Vriksha – a magical tree. That was the wishing tree.Whoever was under it would have whatever he wished for! The traveler enjoyed the delicious food. He felt drowsy. He wished for a nice bedstead. It was granted. He stretched himself comfortably on the soft mattress. His legs ached, as he had walked a long distance. He hoped that someone would massage his feet. Yes, a young lady appeared near his feel. She started massaging his feet and legs. He soon fell asleep. After a long time he woke up.The lady was still sitting beside him. He now started thinking differently. “How can things happen like this? Can I have things, I wished for, by merely asking for them?” Is it some kind of a trick played by a magical demon” he doubted. Oh, a true demon appeared in place of the nice lady! The demon was laughing mischievously at him. The traveler said to himself, “Is he going to eat me up?” Within no time the demon started leaping at him, with his mouth wide open. The frightened traveler took to his heels and ran away.He ran and ran for long. When he looked back there was no demon. “What is all this? Did things really happen? Or was it all mere a dream?” the traveler started wondering. “Perhaps, almighty grants what one has in mind.” He resumed his journey.

I’ll Do That Later

pro meme

If you can relate to even one of these memes then you, my friend, are a procrastinator.

Many of you won’t even know what procrastination means. So let us begin with that. It is the act of delaying or postponing something. Perhaps an example would help you better.

It is Sunday night. Or Monday morning, whichever way you want to classify 2 a.m. at night. You have to get up at 6 in the morning for a presentation for which you started working just two hours ago. The clock is ticking and you’re working furiously all the while cursing yourself for not starting sooner.

How did this happen? Where did all the time go? What were you doing earlier?

Now you remember that you were not motivated enough to do the task at hand. The hours you were busy scrolling through your various social media accounts are slowly starting to haunt you. The time you spent on all the coffee breaks is coming back to you in flashes. You regret doing small and comparatively less useful tasks that could safely be left for a later time.

pro title

Procrastination is a common trap that many of us fall into without even realizing it. It is often confused with laziness but they are not the same. Laziness is an unwillingness to act. Procrastination, on the other hand, is ignoring an important task in favor of one that is easier simply because you find it more interesting. So, how do you deal with this everyday evil in your lives?

Dealing with Procrastination

  • Realize: To overcome procrastinating, the first step is to realize and accept the fact that you are procrastinating. Some signs include your day being filled with low priority tasks, or you wait for the right time to start a task, or you switch focus when you want to avoid doing something.
  • Work out the why: The next step is working out the why of the problem. Sometimes the task could be boring or it could be your poor organization skills and decision-making skills. More often than not, perfectionists avoid doing a task completely assuming that they don’t have the required skills for it rather than doing something imperfectly. Many people also fear success as much as they fear failure.

pro

  • Strategies: The final step is adopting some of the anti-procrastination strategies to make your life better. Commit yourself to a task and promise yourself an immediate reward. Tackle the tasks as soon as they arise and avoid a buildup. More importantly, know that peer pressure works. Ask your friends and family to check up on you. Minimize the distractions in your day. These include surfing on the web, watching television while doing your work, or killing time in other creative ways. The most important thing is to do the task that you find unpleasant the first thing in the morning. This will clear up your day to concentrate on things you find enjoyable and will leave you in a better mood throughout the day.

Act bravely daily. Starting today. Take a first step, then another, and then another. After all, life rewards action.

Image Courtesy: GOOGLE

 

Softskills:-

Softskills is a personal attribute that enables a person to interact effectivly and harmoniously with other people. There  are many types of soft skills which everyone need to improve. For example leadershipskills, communication skills, problem solving skills, etc.,

Agenda is how to crack an interview? Which everyone wants to know especially for under graduate. So here are some tips amd and tricks which will help you crack an interview.

What is that one thing which decides your first impression in an interveiw ?…

Firstly we need to create a good impression(which is also known as first impression) on the interviewer. You will never get a second chance to create a first impression. Your first inpression would be RESUME. How the resume should look like? It should of 1-2 page long with your experience, we should keep colour copy with photograph(not the adhaar card photograph hahaa.) it should contain all objectives, qualification, strength and accomplishments. Your contact information is the most importante part of resume, functional CV is most preferred by organisations. Before the interveiw we need to research on the information of the company and organisation. And what competencies they are looking for, format of the interveiw and selection process. If its a tele interveiw ask question from them so that they can see your interest.

Here comes the main part of interview! How to handle the questions?

1Q. Tell me about your self?..

You should start like this “thank you for giving me opportunity for introducing myself” and then, My name is so and so I have completed my studies from so and so college, say about your hobbies and your goals and strength and you should end like “that’s all about me sir/madam. Thank you sir/madam.”

 2Q. Why should we hire you?…

You should be honest to the interviewer “As a fresher, I am eager to work hard to prove myself in company and when I will join here then I will give my best efforts andmy knowledge and efforts definitely will raise the company to a good position. I believe that the learning never ends, keep learning.” No need to answer the same, you may add more. You can answer from your point of view.

3Q. Talk about your strength …

(i)Talk about the essentials(the basic about you).

(ii) The past + present(your past experiences and what you’ve been up to lately).

(iii) The future(your long term career goals).

(iv) The company ‘fit’ (why  you’d be great for that company + why you’re intrested)

This is all you need to talk about your self.

4Q. Are you planning for further more studies…?

Say as you are willing to do if you want to go for further studies then honeslty keep you answers before them that yes I am planning for furthermore studies. And if you are not planning say them that you are not planning!

5Q. What do you know about this company.?

You should speak about the awards, achievements, upadtes of the company. Also the work the company does to bulid there name and fame. This all will be enough to say about the company.   

I hope this will help you get a quick idea about an interview.

My friend had written this, So I would like to give her the credits. Thank you Hemakshi : )

AGRA

Location

Agra is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is 206 kilometres (128 mi) south of the national capital New Delhi. Agra is the fourth-most populous city in Uttar Pradesh and 24th in India.

Historical Significance

There was an early reference to an “Agravana” in the ancient Sanskrit epic Mahabharata, and Ptolemy is said to have called the site “Agra.” The city was founded by Sultan Sikandar of the Lodhi dynasty in the early 16th century to be the capital of the Delhi sultanate. Agra also served as the Mughal capital during some periods of that empire. In the late 18th century the city fell successively to the Jats, the Marathas, the Mughals, the ruler of Gwalior, and, finally, the British in 1803. It was the capital of Agra (later North-Western) province from 1833 to 1868 and was one of the main centres of the Indian Mutiny (1857–58).

Places to visit         

  1. Taj Mahal – Agra is best known for the Taj Mahal (17th century) which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983. A complex mausoleum, the Taj Mahal is often considered to be the world’s best example of Mughal architecture. The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan built it for his favourite wife, Mumtaz Maḥal, in the mid-17th century. Agra Fort (16th century), called the Red Fort for its massive red sandstone walls, was built by the emperor Akbar; it contains the Pearl Mosque (Moti Masjid; 17th century), constructed of white marble, and a palace, the Jahangiri Mahal. The fort was also designated a World Heritage site in 1983.
  2. Agra Fort – A stone tablet at the gate of the Fort states that it had been built before 1000 but was later renovated by Akbar. The red sandstone fort was converted into a palace during Shah Jahan’s time, and reworked extensively with marble and pietra dura inlay. Notable buildings in the fort include the Pearl Mosque or Moti Masjid, the Diwan-e-Aam and Diwan-e-Khaas (halls of public and private audience), Jahangir’s Palace, Khaas Mahal, Shish Mahal (mirrored palace), and the Musamman Burj. The forbidding exteriors of this fort conceal an inner paradise. The fort is crescent-shaped, flattened on the east with a long, nearly straight wall facing the river. It has a total perimeter of 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi), and is ringed by double castellated ramparts of red sandstone punctuated at regular intervals by bastions. A moat 9 metres (30 ft) wide and 10 metres (33 ft) deep surrounds the outer wall.
  3. Fatehpur Sikri – The Mughal Emperor Akbar built Fatehpur Sikri about 35 km (22 mi) from Agra, and moved his capital there. Later abandoned, the site displays a number of buildings of significant historical importance. A World Heritage Site, it is often visited by tourists. The name of the place came about after the Mughal Emperor Babur defeated Raṇa Sanga in a battle at a place called Sikra (about 40 km from Agra). Then the Mughal Emperor Akbar wanted to make Fatehpur Sikri his headquarters, so he built a majestic fort; due to the shortage of water, however, he had to ultimately move his headquarters to Agra Fort.
  4. Buland Darwaza – or ‘the lofty gateway’ was built by the great Mughal emperor, Akbar in 1601 CE at Fatehpur Sikri. Akbar built the Buland Darwaza to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. The Buland Darwaza is approached by 52 steps. The Buland Darwaza is 53.63 metres (175.95 feet) high and 35 metres (115 feet) wide. It is made of red and buff sandstone, decorated by carving and black and white marble inlays. An inscription on the central face of the Buland Darwaza demonstrates Akbar’s religious broad-mindedness; it is a message from Jesus advising his followers not to consider this world as their permanent home.
  5. Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah – It is a Mughal mausoleum in the city of Agra in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Often described as a “jewel box”, sometimes called the “Bachcha Taj”, the tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah is often regarded as a draft of the Taj Mahal. Along with the main building, the structure consists of numerous outbuildings and gardens. The tomb, built between 1622 and 1628, represents a transition between the first phase of monumental Mughal architecture – primarily built from red sandstone with marble decorations, as in Humayun’s Tomb in Delhi and Akbar’s tomb in Sikandra – to its second phase, based on white marble and pietra dura inlay, most elegantly realized in the Taj Mahal. The mausoleum was commissioned by Nur Jahan, the wife of Jahangir, for her father Mirza Ghiyas Beg, originally a Persian Amir in exile, who had been given the title of Itimad-ud-Daulah (pillar of the state). Mirza Ghiyas Beg was also the grandfather of Mumtaz Mahal (originally named Arjumand Bano, daughter of Asaf Khan), the wife of the emperor Shah Jahan, responsible for the construction of the Taj Mahal. Nur Jahan was also responsible for the construction of the Tomb of Jahangir in Lahore. It is noticeable for the first use of pietra dura (floral design made up of semiprecious stone) technique.

6. Akbar’s Tomb – The Tomb of the mighty Mughal Emperor Akbar is situated in the outskirts of Agra. The emperor got his tomb monument constructed while he was alive as his final resting place. His son Jahangir finished the complete construction which is totally done with sandstone and white marble. The monument that is found in Sikandra within the suburbs of Agra is built over a region of 119 acres surrounded by lovely gardens designed by the Emperor Akbar. Overseeing the tomb of himself while living is part of the Tartary tradition which Akbar followed for his own tomb. The tomb is toward the rising sun and roughly a kilometer close to his wife’s tomb also in Sikandra.

Other details

Tourism, handicrafts, agriculture and manufacturing make up Agra’s economy. Agra has a thriving small scale industry sector connected to leather goods and iron foundries.

The delicate inlay and carving work in white marble of the Taj Mahal started getting affected by the rising air pollution levels in Agra. In response in year 2000 the Supreme Court mandated that a “safe” zone of 50 kilometres around the monument – or the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) – be free of polluting industry and diesel vehicles. This has had scant impact on the pollution levels in the city in general as Agra ranked 4th most polluted city in 2016. The severe pollution is affecting tourism – both for visibility and health reasons.