Call for Papers

Call for Papers August 2018

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International Journal of Research (IJR) is an open access peer-reviewed international forum for scientists and engineers involved in research to publish high quality and refereed papers. Papers reporting original research or extended versions of already published conference/journal papers are all welcome. Papers for publication are selected through peer review to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The journal ensures a wide indexing policy to make published papers highly visible to the scientific community.Call-for-papers-min-1

IJR is a highly-selective journal, covering topics that appeal to a broad readership of various branches of engineering , science and related fields. The IJR has many benefits all geared toward strengthening research skills and advancing academic careers. Journal publications are a vital part of academic career advancement.

We help our authors in advance engineering research in different branches like Computer Science, Electronics & Communication, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology etc. and in science fields by providing world-class information and innovative tools that help them make critical decisions, enhance productivity and improve outcomes.

Why IJR

  • IJR is indexed in Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Slideshare, Scribd, Academia, Research Gate and many more
  • IJR is an International, Peer reviewed, Open Access Journal
  • Paper publishing process is relatively fast and easy
  • IJR provides individual eCertificate to each author
  • Open access journal database for high visibility and promotion of your articles
  • Authors can submit the papers at any time by online submission
  • Paper will publish immediately in current issue after registration
  • IJR accepts original and high quality research and technical papers
  • Authors can download their full length paper at any time
  • Author’s queries shall be resolved within 24 hours of time

Send papers to editor@eduepdiapublications.com

Visit us at https://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/

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Guest Post, Writing tips

Custom Essay Writing Service Tips: 5 Hacks to Actually Enjoy Writing

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The best and easiest way to become a better writer is to teach yourself to genuinely like writing. If you experience trouble when you work on your next academic assignment, ask yourself this: “If I have to write my essays anyway, wouldn’t it be better for me if I enjoyed myself doing it?” In this article, we will discuss a few tips that will help you learn how to do it.pexels-photo-269810.jpeg

Write Custom Essays about Things You Are Interested In

One of the likely reasons why you dislike writing essays you are assigned in school or college is because you have to do boring research to gather the necessary information and in general feel no interest towards the subject matter. As a result, you transfer this disinterest on any writing activity, perpetuating a self-repeating loop. Try writing about something you genuinely like – it doesn’t have to be a dissertation, just go with a freeform essay about one of your interests, and you will feel words flowing to paper on their own.

Choose the Course You Really Like

If you don’t feel like writing about the topics you are given in college, perhaps you’ve chosen the wrong course to begin with? Perhaps the problem is not in your poor writing skills but in you studying things you shouldn’t? Why not take a look at the available courses and move on to something that you will be able to write about eagerly, without having to force yourself?

Start a Blog

Having your own blog is an excellent motivation for producing a lot of commitment-free writing on any topics you fancy. Gradually you will become freer in your expression and learn how to treat any writing less seriously than you do now – and it will likely help you get better at your academic assignments as well.

Try Freewriting

One of the most common things associated with writing is writer’s block. Sometimes you just sit in front of a sheet of paper and cannot force you to start writing. Sometimes you even know what you should write (or have a general idea), but have no idea how to start, go through dozens of variants only to throw them aside in exasperation and spend hours this way. A popular way of dealing with this problem this: start writing. Don’t set goals or plan anything – just write whatever comes into your mind for a set period (e.g., 10 minutes).

Get Help from an Online Writing Agency

If nothing else helps, you can approach a custom essay writing service – ThePensters.com, for example. At ThePensters.com, you can buy cheap custom essays to get you started and help you develop your own style, hire an editor to improve the pieces you’ve already written and get all kinds of other useful services. Samples bought from a custom paper writing service on ThePensters.com can go a long way towards establishing your writing identity and dispelling any misgivings you may be holding about your writing skills and abilities.

Use these tips, and you will grow to like writing in no time!

Research Paper

3 Paths to Financial Freedom

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\You have decided this is the year you get out of debt.  You can see the finish line and can almost feel how amazing it will be to be debt free.   You are formulating a plan and budget and you’ve chosen to refinance your home so you don’t have to use high-interest credit cards to supplement your income.  Sometimes, this can be difficult to do.  With average credit card APR of 16.65% as of April 2018, paying down balances is challenging.  But you don’t want to be free of debt. You also want to have enough funds or income for comfort.  Here are some things you can begin today to help you achieve financial success.

Cut Expenses

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Cutting expenses and living a more frugal lifestyle can take some time to adjust to but will benefit you on the road to financial freedom.  Cooking at home instead of dining out is a great start.  The money you would have spent going out for dinner can be applied directly towards high-interest debt or put into a savings account to begin building wealth.  Once you start to develop the habit of saving money and cutting expenses, it can become addictive!  Look for other areas of spending that you may be able to adjust like cutting the cord with cable tv and switching to streaming devices instead.  Look for fun free activities that you can do in your neighborhood or city on the weekends.

Increase Income

The flip side of cutting your expenses is to work on increasing your income.  Looking for areas of opportunity for growth in your current position, or actively seeking out a higher paying new job.  Maybe taking a class or certification can help you to earn more in your career.  Picking up a part-time job is also an option.  Putting back all the income from your part-time job into a savings or investment account can help build your nest egg.  Or, if you have high-interest debt, a part-time job can do wonders for eliminating the deficit quickly.  Do odd jobs around the neighborhood or even host a yard sale. It is incredible how much stuff we accumulate that we no longer use but could sell.

Pay Off High-Interest Debt

You cannot have financial freedom if you are still in a cycle of debt.  Part of cutting expenses and paying off debt is thinking through your medium and large purchases.  Waiting to purchase big ticket items until you have the funds to cover it in cash is the best way to go.  If this is not an option, then pay in cash what you can, charge the rest and try and pay it off within 30 days to avoid accruing additional interest.

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If you owe on multiple cards or owe a higher balance, a secured loan could be the answer.  Regardless of where you live, you can find a title loan company to help you.   It could be Philadelphia or Los Angeles.  Just look up your location and “title loan in Google,” and you can get the help you need.  For example, “San Jose title loan”  in a quick search online could be the answer.

With secured loans, such as a title loan, you can use your vehicle title as collateral to obtain a loan with a lower interest rate.  You can use these funds to pay off the high-interest rate cards, make a lower monthly payment, and continue driving your vehicle during the life of the loan.

Any step you take towards gaining your financial freedom should be celebrated.  Work off small victories and don’t be too hard on yourself if you indulge occasionally.  Make small changes first, such as paying off a credit card or loan with a more modest balance, then tackling the next and so on.  You will find creative ways to pay off debt and find ways to earn extra income at the same time.  We wish you luck on your journey!

Erin Schollaert is a full-time teacher, mother, driver of children, cooker of dinner, washer of laundry, sayer of bad words, and hockey mom extraordinaire. She is not afraid to speak her mind, even if that means dropping a few old-fashioned hashtags, $#!&. In her free time — like that exists — she blogs in order to vent the frustration that comes with raising three kids. Her mantra, blogging, and swearing are better than a drinking problem.

Research Paper

Everything You Need to Know About Telangiectasias and Reticular Veins

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veins

Telangiectasias and Reticular veins are common vein disorders that are diagnosed when there is the presence of spider or reticular veins on a person’s legs.

Problems existing within the veins commonly point to a venous insufficiency, resulting in the highly visible external spider veins making their way across an afflicted person’s legs.

Resulting from the stretching of diminutively-sized veins very close to the skin, blood subsequently fills the abundance of new space to ultimately create clearly visible telangiectasias and reticular veins on the skin.

With their spidery, tree-branch-like appearance, these impacted veins can manifest as a cluster or as a grouping of haphazard single lines.

While most commonly found on the legs, these types of veins can also present themselves in the facial area through extended exposure to the sun and chronic rosacea.

 

Read on below for our highly informative, easy-to-read primer to learn everything you need to know about telangiectasias and reticular veins.

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Telangiectasia Explained

A telangiectasia is a confluence of dilated intradermal venules of less than 1 mm in caliber. More commonly referred to as spider veins, telangiectasia veins range in color from red and pink to purple-blue. Occurring in roughly 40% of the general population, telangiectasias are experienced by men, and more commonly by women.

Within the classification of vein disorder, telangiectasias are indicated as a Type I vein that is responsive to treatments such as dynamic foam sclerotherapy and laser therapy. Both therapies aim to treat the feeder veins underlying telangiectasias, subsequently leading to the introduction of topical lasers to comprehensively eradicate telangiectasias.

 

Reticular Veins Explained
Reticular veins, also known as blue veins or feeder veins, are smaller than varicose veins but may also have a ropy appearance. Primarily occurring in the back of the legs and around the knees, reticular veins measure anywhere from one millimeter to about three millimeters in diameter.

This type of vein condition is classified as a type III vein and is extremely painful. When present along with telangiectasias, treatment of reticular veins must be conducted first via injection with subsequent injections performed on the telangiectasias. Treating the reticular veins first is imperative in helping patients experience anyu early recurrence of these agonizing veins.

What causes Telangiectasias and Reticular veins

These veins are typically the result of acquired causes but can also be caused by congenital disorders. Examples of acquired causes include:

 

  • Acne rosacea
  • Long-term sun exposure
  • Extended cold exposure
  • Skin trauma from incisions or contusions
  • Radiation exposure
  • Chemotherapy
  • Carcinoid syndrome
  • Extended use of topical corticosteroids
  • Smoking

 

Examples of congenital disorders that cause telangiectasias and reticular veins are as follows:

 

  • Bloom’s syndrome
  • Port-wine stain
  • Hypotrichosis–lymphedema–telangiectasia syndrome
  • Ataxia-telangiectasia
  • Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
  • Maffucci’s syndrome
  • Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome

Symptoms of Telangiectasias and Reticular Veins

 

  • Discomfort and pain in the legs
  • Facial pain
  • Aching, throbbing, burning in the legs or face
  • A feeling of heaviness
  • Fatigue
  • Swelling
  • Intense itching

 

Treatment Options: Telangiectasias and Reticular Veins

Nationally recognized as a leader in vein disorder treatments, USA Vein Clinics states that the treatment of these specific vein issues no longer requires invasive surgery procedures.

Conversely, in today’s modern times, patients can be treated with dynamic foam sclerotherapy and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy regimes – therapies that are incredibly effective, non-invasive, affordable, and convenient that are now being rapidly adopted by doctors and treatment centers around the world.

Dynamic foam sclerotherapy involves a complex system of injection techniques and is used as a long-term method for the treatment of telangiectasias and reticular veins.

Treatment is first used on reticular veins and then subsequent treatments are performed on the telangiectasias. Over time, the treatments break down the impacted veins, rendering them to a collapsed and faded state.
Conservative treatment options are also widely available and include:

  • Compression stockings
  • Regular exercise
  • Using plant-based bioflavonoid supplements that have anti-inflammatory properties…can have beneficial effects on vein disorders in terms of appearance and physical comfort
  • Note: Reticular veins, while exceedingly painful, are also considered cosmetic problems. Unwitting patients have attempted to visit dermatologists, beauty salons, and similar establishments to improve the color and surface of their veins.

The treatments administered by these establishments may (but not always) very temporarily improve the color and texture of the veins but the fact remains that the underlying disorder still exists and required high-tech injection treatment by a medical specialist

 

Telangiectasias and Reticular Veins Considerations

If you have already been diagnosed with telangiectasias and/or reticular veins, there are an immense number of health care professionals available to assist you in alleviating the appearance and pain of the veins on your body. Many of these centers are headed by doctors with decades of experience in administering injections to damaged veins. Further, there are an array of clinics that offer affordable pricing along with convenient payment plans.

On the other hand, if you are worried about potentially becoming affiliated with these unsightly, uncomfortable, and painful veins, there are many easy ways to make educated assessments about the likelihood of contracting them.

As mentioned above, certain congenital disorders can cause vein issues, along with a range of elements that can contribute to an acquired case of telangiectasias or reticular veins.

By practicing prevention and staying mindful of lifestyle decisions such as not smoking, limiting exposure to radiation, and partaking in regular exercise can all serve to assist you in living a life free of these frustratingly arduous veins.

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Business Studies, Commerce, Research Paper

Affect Theory

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Locke’s “Affect Theory (1976)” is probably the best known job delight model. The principle premise of this idea is that pleasure is determined via a mismatch amongst “what one wants in a process” and “what one has currently”. Further, the idea states that “how a great deal one values a given side of labour (e.g. the degree of autonomy in a feature) moderates how satisfied/disillusioned one will become even as expectancies are/aren’t met”. While a person values a particular side of a procedure, his pleasure is extra considerably impacted every in reality (at the same time as expectations are met) and negatively (while expectancies aren’t met), in comparison to new how doesn’t cost that aspect. to demonstrate, if worker appreciates freedom in the work area and worker is detached approximately freedom, then worker A would be extra glad in a function that offers more freedom and much less satisfied in a function with little or no autonomy in comparison to worker B. This concept additionally states that “an excessive amount of a specific aspect will produce more potent emotions of dissatisfaction the more a worker values that facet”.

Guest Post

How to Put Your Financial Anxiety to Rest Jovarie

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Does the word “money” or “finances” give you cold sweats? Are you always anxious and worried about money? Do you find yourself tossing and turning in your bed the whole night, with thousands of thoughts and worries running through your head? You might be suffering from financial anxiety.

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Financial anxiety, just like with any other types of anxiety, does not only have a negative effect on your health, but it can also affect your relationship with other people.

Before it starts to ruin your life, take control of your anxiety. Below are some tips that you can apply to kick your financial anxiety in its gut.

Have a Positive Perspective

Having a cheerful and positive perspective does not only apply to your financial status but it can also be applied in a general view. Instead of worrying on the things that you have no control of, focus your attention and energy on appreciating what you have. List down all the positive things in your life – stable job, a functioning car, nice co-workers, etc.

When your eyes are solely transfixed on what is good, all the bad things are tend to be covered. There’s no room for worries and anxieties when you’re too blessed to be stressed.

Reassess Your Budget

Are you having anxiety because your budget falls short? When you’re worried about bills and expenses, have a sit and regularly assess your monthly budget. It helps if you list down all your purchases and expenses so that you have something to go back to when your budget is out of hand.

Perhaps you purchased something that was not necessary? Planning a budget is a never-ending-process and it’s critical that you always review it so that you can find areas where you can cut back on some expenses or save more money.

Seek Help from Financial Advisor

You should not be ashamed of seeking help whenever needed, be it personal or professional aid. If financial matters are causing you to loss sleep, it’s time to book an appointment with a financial advisor.

If you’re still in doubt of asking help from a financial advisor, you may consider these points:

  • They can help you in developing a holistic approach of managing your finances. Aside from helping you in planning a budget, they can also help you in developing discipline to stick to this budget.
  • Because of their specialized education and vast training, they have vast knowledge when it comes to financial aspect. In addition, they have years of experience on their portfolio.
  • They can address your financial concerns and answer your financial queries so that you will have the peace of mind that you deserve.

Create an Emergency Fund

We live in a world full of uncertainty and unexpected things can happen. If one of the causes of your anxiety is the fear that you’re not ready when emergency hits you, fear no more.

Set up an emergency fund that can be used in times of unexpected bills such as medical bills, car repair, etc. Allocate a portion of your monthly savings to be deposited to your emergency fund. Don’t use it in other purpose other than emergency.

The most important thing to remember is to not go into this fund unless it’s an absolute emergency. You may consider keeping this money in the bank, rather than having cash easily accessible at home. You’ll find peace of mind knowing that when unexpected things hit you, you are well-prepared.

Stop Comparing Yourself with Others

In a world ruled by social media, it’s easier to give in to the temptation of self-pity and depression. When your newsfeed is constantly filled by posts of friends going on a vacation, buying a new car or smartphone, having splurge shopping, you tend to compare yourself with their life. Aside from feeling green with envy, you get depressed because you can’t afford those things that they are buying. This can lead to depression and anxiety.

Remember that everyone’s putting their best foot forward in social media. Some people put up a facade and post what’s only good about their life. They may have a new car, but you may not be aware that they are going bankrupt because of credit card debt.

Put a stop on self-pity and depression by appreciating what you have and stop comparing yourself with others.

Educate Yourself

Most of us are afraid of the unknown. No one wants to walk in a road where it’s pitch-dark and you don’t know what lies ahead. Turn your fear of financial matters the other way around by educating yourself. When you know your financial standing and what you can do to further improve your finances, you will feel peace in your heart.

Head to your local library or bookstore and check out books about financial matters. The internet also offers countless of articles and success stories that you can learn from. Knowledge is one of the best weapon to combat your fears. You don’t have to suffer from financial anxiety anymore. Take the first step to recovery and be on top of your financial status.

Guest Post

6 Ways to Optimize Images for Social Media

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When it comes to social media, images play a key role in getting the engagement that you want. It’s no secret that people are drawn to them. Just look at Facebook and Instagram. These platforms have millions of users because of they allow you to see images from people you care about

download social media

However, it’s not enough to just post pictures. You want your images to be really good so people and search engines take notice. Whether you’re trying to grow a following or you want to get more engagement from your followers, optimizing social media images is a key step to any social media strategy. In this article are x tweaks you can to make your images perform better on social media.

  1. Invest in a good camera

Photography gear can be quite expensive but if you have the money, invest in one. However, if  you don’t have the budget, you can get a cellphone with a really good camera. Plenty of smartphones these days boast that capability and you won’t run out of options to choose from. This is important for taking high-quality photos of your products. You want it to sell right? So get a better camera, practice your photography skills and showcase those goods!

  1. Get your image sizes right

Every social network has specific image dimension that they follow. If you don’t adhere to these, your images possibly get cut off which in turn affects your engagement rate. Make sure to follow the recommended dimensions for every platform that you use

The best sizes for sharing images on social media

  • Facebook: 1200 x 628
  • Instagram: 1080 x 1080
  • Twitter: 1024 x 576
  • LinkedIn: 552 x 368
  • Pinterest: 600 x 900
  • Google+: 431 x 431
  1. Use free photo editing websites

Most companies don’t have the time to learn photoshop. If you’re one of them, you can take advantage of tools like Canva, PicMonkey, or Piktochart to create beautiful, social media-ready images. These tools give you the ability to design images with ease since they have templates that you can easily change to match your branding. The best part is that most of these tools already have the dimensions set up for each image type on every platform you can think of such as Twitter header size, Facebook cover photo size, Pinterest board cover size, and more

Now that’s time saved!

  1. Name and tag your images appropriately

For your image to have the best chance of getting seen, make sure to name and tag it appropriately. Search engine crawlers may not be able to see an image but they can read the text associated with your image, helping them to analyze your post, rank you appropriately, and show your image to the right audiences.

So before uploading any photo, name it with the most accurate description. If you’re targeting a certain keyword, put it in there but make sure it fits the context of the image otherwise, you’re just keyword stuffing. Alt tags are also another opportunity to include those keywords since they’re supplementary information to the name of your image. Write no more than 125 characters for the alt text.

  1. Upload a file sized optimized for the web

Whenever you save an image Photoshop or any photo-editing tool, make sure to choose the Save for Web and Devices option. You want an image that’s not too big but you don’t want to compromise quality either otherwise, you end up with a pixelated mess! Keep a balance between quality and file size. If you’re using a tool that doesn’t let you control the size and quality of an image, consider using an image shrinker instead. These tools are designed to  size down an image without losing quality.

  1. Know your target audience

Last but not the least, get to know your target audience. There’s no point in following all these tips if you’re showing images that aren’t relevant to your followers. Worse, you could using be displaying your posts on a platform that they’re not even using. So before anything else, find out where your audiences are likely to hang out and start with that. If you have no idea where to start, look at your top competitors and see what they’re doing. Test it on yours and see which posts are driving the most engagement. You’ll be surprised what a little sleuthing can do!

These 6 tips will help anyone who is trying to improve their social media images. Got any more suggestions to share? Write them in the comments below!

 

Guest Post, Research Paper

How to Choose a Great Admission Essay Topic

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This article includes the best pieces of advice on how to choose a good topic for your admission essay. You will learn the basic rules of writing such types of essays as well.

How-To-Write-A-College-Admission--Essay

How to Choose a Great Admission Essay Topic

Writing an essay, especially an admission one, may seem a hard task for those who have never done this before. You may hesitate a lot before you start your writing due to your lack of knowledge of what to include in your essay. So, picking up the topic of your essay is the first and probably the most difficult thing to do. Today we will convince you that your essay’s topic has great influence on the content of your admission essay and therefore it should be chosen responsibly.

Whether you are entering a college or a university, you will certainly have to teach yourself writing an admission essay as it is the half of a road to successful admission. Should admission essays include special terminology or some metaphors? Should you fully introduce your personality in the text? Or should it be just your thoughts on some topic? It is difficult to decide, but we will help you with that.

The most important pieces of advice to pick up a topic:

  • First and foremost, do not panic. Let your consciousness believe you know what to write about. The best way to write a good admission essay is to start doing it at least a week before the deadline. You should have enough time to clear your thoughts.
  • Do a brainstorm and write all your ideas on paper, even those which seem inconvenient or stupid to you.
  • Think about the case that proves your authenticity and shows your good traits. Every human being is unique, so coming up with such a case should be easy.
  • Ask yourself “So what?”. Understanding the use of the story you are writing about is necessary.
  • Include the things you are proud of. Usually, talking about the things that praise your personality is one of the easiest tasks. But do not exaggerate, it will be obvious if you are too arrogant.

The Main Requirement for an Admission Essay

The requirements vary from college to college, from university to university. But some things remain the same for all the essays. For an admission essay, it is normal to write approximately 500 words. The subject should be personal and demonstrate your skills or life circumstances. Therefore, try to describe them well to become a more desirable candidate.

You should not write an art composition because the style of an admission essay is very formal. But your creativity should not be limited as it is a precious thing the admission board will appreciate. Remember that not every person is able to tell a great story in 500 words. It is your chance to prove your pithiness in writing. Start with a detailed text and exclude some unnecessary things step by step.

Standing out is crucial

 Have you ever played any musical instrument? Or perhaps you did some sport (or do it now). Well, it is great, but almost everybody did the same. A part-time job is common among kids as well. Do not tell such trivial things as it may not be interesting to the readers. Make them remember your personality by telling some of your special characteristics. Do not forget to engage the reader with a hook the same way you do it in simple essays. But starting with a question will not be the best way for an admission essay.

You may also describe your interests and passions going back to your childhood. This way the admission officers tend to trust you more and they see what kind of a person you are now, under which circumstances you have formed yourself as a person. Maybe, there is something from the childhood influencing you these days? Feel free to describe that.

And do not try to seem an absolutely ideal person, there is no such person on the Earth. And the admission essay is not about that. It has more to do with reflecting on your life and your experiences. It is the best way to conclude who you are now and what your plans are for developing yourself in the future.

Stand Up and Do It

Now, the hardest part of the job is finished as the topic of your essay is chosen. Do your best and write a breathtaking story so that the admission officers will not hesitate to accept you. Good luck with your admission essay! And remember that everyone has some fascinating stories to tell.

Business Studies, E-commerce, Finance, Research Paper

BANK FRAUD – TYPES AND PREVENTION

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CHANCHAL SHARMA

M.COM, NET (COMMERCE)

SAPNA YADAV

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

MONIKA RANI

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN COMMERCE

INTRODUCTION : – Banks are considered as necessary equipment for the Indian economy. This particular sector has been tremendously growing in the recent years after the nationalisation of banks in 1969 and the loberalisation of economy in 1991. Due to the nature of their daily activities of dealing with money, even after having such a supervised and well regulated system it is very tempting for those who are either associated the system or outside to find faults in the system and to make personal gains by fraud.These frauds, unlike ordinary crimes, the amount misappropriated in these crimes runs into lakhs and crores of rupees. Bank fraud is a federal crime in many countries, defined as planning to obtain property or money from any federally insured financial institution . It is something considered a white collar crime.BANK FRAUDS PHISHING

To understand the concept of Bank Fraud, we need to understand the concept of fraud and the various types of frauds and the ways to detect the same and the prevention of the same.

WHAT IS FRAUD : – Generally, A dishonest act or behaviour through which one person gains or tries to gain advantage over another which results in the loss victim, directly or indirectly is called fraud.

Under the IPC, fraud has not been defined directly under any particular section, but it provides for punishments for various acts which leads to commission of fraud. However the section is dealing with cheating, forgery, counterfeiting,misappropriation and breach of trust cover the same adequatly.

as outcome of fraud exceeds the losses due any other crime put together. With the rising bank business, cheating in the bank additionally expanding and the fraudsters are turning out to be increasingly complex and shrewd.

The four most important elements for constituting fraud are : – the active involvement of the staff, failure to follow the instructions and guidelinesof the bank by the staff, collusion between businessman,executives and politicians to bend the rules and regulations and any external factors.

LEGAL REGIME TO CONTROL BANK FRAUDS : –

  • The Indian penal code,1860
  • Criminal procedure code,1973
  • The Negotiable Instruments Act,1881
  • The Reserve Bank of India Act,1934
  • SARFAESI Act,2002
  • The Banking Regulation Act,1949

IMPACT OF FRAUD IN INDIA : – Many recent fraud incidents reported are related to fix deposites,loan disbursments, and credit and debit card frauds and ATM based frauds.All these frauds show that not only they undermine the profits, reliability of services and operating efficiencies but also have an impact on the society and the oragnisation itself.

This rise in the NPA is a serious threat to the Indian Banking industry as the sturdiness of a countrys banking and financial sectors deetermines the qualities of the product and services. it is also a direct indication of the living standards and well being of people.

Frauds has also hampered the growth of this establishment/industry. it is a huge killer for the business sector and underlying factor to all human endeavours. it is also increase the corruption level of the country.

CLASSIFICATION OF FRAUD AND PERVENTION:

To maintain uniformity in fraud reporting, frauds have been classified on the basis of types and provisions of the Indian Penal Code, and the and the reporting guildelines for the same has been prescribed by RBI The Reserve Bank of India classifies Bank frauds in the following catgories: –

  1. Misappropriation and criminal breach of trust.
  2. Negligence and cash shortages.
  3. cheating and forgery.
  4. Any other types of fraud not coming under the specific heads as above.
  5. Irregularities in foreign exchange transations.

MECHANICS OF BANK FRAUDS

DEPOSIT ACCOUNT FRAUDS:

The following types of frauds are generally commited;

  1. value inflation of cheques deposited
  2. changing the nature of the cheques(crossed to bearer)
  3. operating a dormant account fraudulently

Prevention Measures:

  1. carefully and systematic examination procedures of cheques and other trasactions.
  2. seperation of book keeping and cash handling operations.

PURCHADED BILL FRAUDS:

These are generally expensive and can take the following forms: –

  1. Discount on stolen or fake Railways Recipts and motor recipts along with other necessary bills.
  2. fake/forged bills for valueless goods are discounted.

Prevention Measures:

  1. Strict examination before discounting the bills.
  2. Establishing a better connection between the purchaser and the seller in the caes of dispatch of proceeds.
  3. Examining the recipts properly and strictly by conferming from the connected authorities.

HYPOTHICATION FRAUDS:

Cash advances,against pledged goods as securities are fertile field for frauds.

  1. Inflation of stock statements.
  2. Some of the stocked goods in the large quantity may have been less value.
  3. hypothicating some goods in the favour of different banks.

Prevention Measure:

  1. Only marketable goods to be acceptd as security
  2. Strict examination of the banks representatives and borrowers credential
  3. proper evaluation of stocks
  4. Verification of statements of stocks.

LOAN FRAUDS:

The following types of fraud are generally commited: –

  1. Two diferent person taking loans on the same item or product
  2. Borrowing is denied when the particular person is alleged of non payment
  3. Loan taken from one purpose but used for a different purpose i.e loan taken for agriculture but used for personal purposes.

Prevention Measures:

  1. Proper verification of documents and the purpose for taking the loan
  2. Incase of a substantial amount of loan taken, it should be checked by the competent authority

COMPUTER RELATED FRAUDS:

To provide efficient and fast service, most of the branches of the bank except the ones in the rural and remote areas have been computerized.

Not many frauds related to computers have yet been reported so far as computerization in the Indian banks is of recent origin. There is a need to anaysisthe nature of such crimes so that appropriate preventive measures may be devised.

CHEQUE FRAUDS:

This constitutes the biggest volume of bank frauds. This crime is done in the following forms:

  1. Cheques are stolen, filled and signed spuriosly and encashed.
  2. The signed cheques are stloen and are encashed with alterations, if needed
  3. Cheques issued by organistions for employees are duplicated.

Prevention Measures:

  1. The instruments must contain a proper date
  2. Checking cheque kitting
  3. The amount should be checked that it should be written in both numerical and words.

DISHONOUR OF CHEQUES:

Dishonour of cheque or cheque bounces are very serious problems and it is becoming even bigger. To cope with this issue which was affecting the smooth business tracsactions, the Government of India has introduced the Negotiable Instruments Act,1881 which provides for provisions to deal with cases of cheque bounce under section 138 to 142.

The Superme court of India in a landmark judgement has also provided with new guidelines to deal with cheque bounce cases.

CONCLUSION:

These frauds are a creation of the experienced criminals, frantic customers or someone associated with the banking system or a bunco bankster or their collusion. Most of time with a strict vigilance and examination of various documents, their work can easily be detected.

These frauds are now becoming more and more frequent and can be considered as one of the main reasons for damaging the economy of the country and with such high profile frauds happening all over the country, it has become necessary to put a check to these activites and if possible to create a more stringent legislation to deal with these issues.

“Sticking to the rules and eternal vigilance is the basic prevention measure.”

E-commerce, Guest Post

TOP ONLINE SHOPPING COUPONS OF THE MONTH: GET 20% OFF ON ALL PRODUCTS

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Why spend more, when you can the same at a cheaper price? Well, then welcome to the world of “Coupons”. You can easily call coupons to be a lifesaver and say thanks for such small miracles. Just the difference is that for these, we don’t have to thank god, instead, we may just thank various online couponing aggregator websites for making such small miracles into reality. One such deal and coupon aggregation website is Zoutons which offers various kinds of deals, coupons and discounts on a wide range of category and helps in creating happy customers by cutting down their shopping bills.

discount coupons

Major Top Coupons

Many online couponing sites provides users with exclusive coupons and deals.  One will find a great variety of brands in all kinds of categories here. Here you will get separate top coupons differentiated on clothing categories, bills and recharges, electronics, footwear, home decors, travel, personal care, groceries, recharges, food delivery, e-wallets, gifts, holidays, and many more!

The top brands which are associated with this website are Myntra, Flipkart, Paytm, Swiggy, Tata Sky, Mobikwik, MMT, Jabong, Ola, Ebay, Food Panda, Oyo, Redbus, Book My Show – just to name a few. The list still goes on!

The below details will give you a better understanding of the same;

  • Fashion Clothing & Accessories Coupons

Today the world is all about style and fashion. And one cannot simply have enough of clothes and accessories. Agreed or not? Be it, men or women, today everyone wants to look and presentable and this can sometimes take a toll on us as this can cause a little hole in our pocket. Here come the top coupons to the rescue! One will find major brands like Myntra, Jabong, Ajio, Flipkart, Snapdeal, Craftsvilla, Yepme, Amazon, Voonik here. And mind you these are just a few to name.

Each of the above has different attractive coupons to offer. For example, there are few coupons which offer up to 40 – 50% discount from Jabong on Addidas clothing, while few have cash back offers, flat off offers, discount offers, etc. the coupons are too good to be rejected. One has to check out the website to believe it.

  • Electronic Coupons

The next important thing in our life after clothing is the use of electronic gadgets. For few this might even hold the first place. Electronics have become a very important part of our lives. Hence, with top electronic coupons being available from all trusted brands is nothing less than a boom.  You will find major brands like Flipkart, Banggood.com, Amazon, Snapdeal, Paytm, etc to be linked in the website hence give you wide range of choice.

The different subcategories that you will find are;

  1. Mobile
  2. Home Appliances
  3. Computers and accessories
  4. Mobile accessories
  5.  Cameras
  6. Computers and laptops Kitchen appliances

So, as we see there is both a wide range of categories and also different brands which we can choose from. The offers vary from Cash backs, instant offs, 10 – 70% discounts, free 100 $ worth coupons on eBay, etc. the most exclusive coupon that is available right now is offered by Snapdeal of Rs 2000/- off!

  • Book Coupons

As the saying goes, “Books are a man’s best friend”. You can never grow out of a book, they are all-time classics.  We will find all kinds of books belonging from different brands like Flipkart, Amazon, First Cry, Paytm, Amar Chitra Katha and so on. They are subcategorized in the following;

  1. E-books
  2. Kids Books
  3. Magazines
  4. Novels

There are a total of 165 offer coupons in this category at present. The coupons vary from up to 70% discount, instant discounts, and cash backs, flat off, etc.

  • Web Hosting Coupons

At this age of digitalization, having a website for the growth of any kind of business is one major step and the most important one. Hence, buying a domain has become quite popular. With this, the availability of Web Hosting Coupons has come to a major help. Top brands like Big Rock, GoDaddy, HostGator, and Hosting Raja have different coupons available on the website. Exclusive offers like under 99/-, flat 50% off, Free .in, are few of the coupon offers that are available out of the many.

  •  Cab Coupons

We all certainly feel elated whenever we manage to get hold of a cab coupon. As our dependency on cab has increased more and more, getting hold of cab coupons has become very important.  Cab companies like Ola, Uber, Meru Cabs, Zoom Car, Tez, etc. are providing with exciting coupon deals on the website.  One can find cab coupons of all kinds of occasions like local, outstations, rentals with all kinds of offers like flat 50rs off, cash-backs, flat discounts and many more.

  • Recharge and Bill Payment Coupons

Now with all the fun happening around, how can we forget the difficult part? Paying bills. Well recharges and paying bills is one of the most important “must dos” on our list. And even paying bills and recharges can turn out to be fun if we get a valid coupon for the same.  Online payment websites like Paytm, Freecharge, etc. have provided with various coupons like cash back offers, discounts and so on for the same.  The website covers all the below subcategories like;

  1. Mobile recharge
  2. Electricity
  3. Broad Band
  4. DTH
  • Movie Coupons

One of the most sought out coupons that we look out for is the movie coupons.  Now watching movies at theatres will be more fun and easy on the pocket as one will find brand like Paytm, Ticket New, PVR, Bookmyshow, Pay Zap, etc. offering different coupons for the same with offers like cash back, instant discount, buy 1 get 1 free offers, etc.

How can you stay updated related to the latest Offers and Sales?

Now, that we know how cool and exciting the website is and the exciting coupons that are available, it is important for us to stay updated with the latest sales and offers.  You can subscribe to various online couponing websites like Zoutons, coupondunia, grabon etc. to get the regular updates.

Also, to keep track the best way is to download their app on your phone as it is handier than logging into the website all the time. You will also be getting time to time notifications for the same.  Signing up for the newsletter is also a fun and convenient way to stay updated for the same. All you need to do is to sign in for the newsletter with your email id.

So, what are you still waiting for?  Just log into the website, check out for the exciting offers and coupons and start the fun. Once you get to know how fun is it, there will be surely no looking back for you. Hence, start on the loot if you haven’t still yet.

ISSN 2348-6848 (Online) & 2348-795X (Print)

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