Police are one of the most important organisations of the society. The policemen, therefore, happen to be the most visible representatives of the government. In an hour of need, danger, crisis and difficulty, when a citizen does not know what to do and whom to approach, the police station and a policeman happen to be the most appropriate and approachable unit and person for him.[1]The police are expected to be the most accessible, interactive and dynamic organisation of any society. Their roles, functions and duties in the society are natural to be varied on the one hand; and complicated on the other. Broadly speaking the twin roles of the police are maintenance of law and maintenance of order. However, the ramifications of these two duties are numerous, which result in making a large inventory of duties, functions, powers, roles and responsibilities of the police organisation. Vesting of varied powers in the hands of police, while necessary to perform their duties on the other hand leaves door to misuse and hence infringement of Human Rights. This article will deal with Powers of Police, incidents of misuse of power, legislative checks and judicial control of police activities.

Definition of Police

The term police have neither been defined in the Criminal Procedure Code nor in the Police Act 1881 nor in any State Police acts provides only the structure and organization of police force in the states.

Black’s law dictionary defines “police” As (1) “the governmental department charged with the perversion of public order, the promotion of public safety, and the perversion and detection of crime” And (2) “the officers or members of this department”.[2]

The police force as an organized body came into being in England in the 1820’s when Sir Robert Peel established London’s first municipal force.[3]Before that, policing had either been done by volunteers or by sliders in the military service.[4]

The UN Code of Conduct for law enforcement officials defines “law enforcement officials”[5]As including all officials whether they are elected or appointed who exercise police powers, especially the powers of arrest or detention[6]and also include military personnel who exercise police powers whether they are allotted with police uniform or not.[7]

The term “police” can simply be defined as any person or body of person created by the authority of the state, obligated and empowered to maintain law and order, prevention and investigation of crimes.[8]

International Commitments
one of the important purpose of the UN charter is to promote and encourage human rights and fundamental freedom which is also included in International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

Article 3 of the UDHR provides:[9]
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security.

Similarly, Article 6(1)of the ICCPR provides:[10]
Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.

Article 5 of the UDHR provides: [11]
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Further right to equality before law and right to effective remedy for acts violating the fundamental right have been guaranteed Article 9 of the Declaration provides:[12]
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligation and of any criminal charge against him. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. No one shall be held guilty of any offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offense under national or international law at e time when it was committed.

Article 7 of the ICCPR further provides:
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation.
It has been further provided that everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are established by law. The right of fair hearing and equality before the courts has also been guaranteed.

In addition to this, there are standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners; declaration on the protection of all persons from being subjected to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and code of conduct for law enforcement officials.[13]

Nature And Extent of Police Atrocities:

Due to continued police brutality and torture during the past two decades it seems that custodian of law have became the law-breakers. After the eighties the police seem to e more concerned with lathi- wielding attitude and its brutality and use of third degree methods by it has become the order of the day. The mounting police atrocities and other repressive measure are the instances of violations of human rights.

I. Police atrocities during emergency:
During the emergency period in march 1976, a satyagrahi was taken into custody by the police, but no case was registered against him. He was kept in illegal confinement for a few days during which he was subjected to various kinds of physical torture like stamping on the bare body with heeled boots, beating with cane on the bare soles of feet, beating on the spine, beating with rifle but inserting live electric wires into body crevices, burning with lighted cigarettes and candle flame, etc.[14]

In Kerala, police atrocities took ugly turn when all prisoners were stripped to their underwear and beaten by group of 10 to 12 constables. No food was provided while in custody. If physical signs of beating are too obvious they were not produced before a magistrate but moved from station to station. Madhya Pradesh was such a state where maximum number of prisoners were kept in jail during the operation of emergency. In Gwalior district jail, political prisoners were kept along with notorious dacoits and were allowed to be abused by them.[15]

II. Nature of police atrocities-after eighties:
After 1980, police has resorted to more repressive techniques as not to leave any scar of police atrocities on the body of victims. Even minors were not spared at the hands of police. Young boys were supplied to convicts for their delectation, some tortured into impotency, hanged upside down, ruthlessly beaten, given electric shocks etc. Brutal methods were adopted for forcing confessions.[16]

III. Death in police custody:
After the seventies death in police custody has became very common. These deaths are usually the result of torture to extort information or to teach the person concerned a lesson.

IV. Torture:
It is a common fact that police brutality and torture have long been widespread throughout India. Such methods are frequently used when people suspected of ordinary criminal offences are interrogated by the police. In order to extract confessions or for purpose of intimidations the police use extreme type of physical harm to the suspected persons. Torture is reported to have taken place in police stations although a few cases of beating in prisons have also been reported.[17]

V. Atrocities against women:
The Mathura rape case was an incident of custodial rape in India on 26 March 1972, wherein Mathura, a young tribal girl, was raped by two policemen on the compound of Desai Ganj Police Station in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra. The Supreme Court ruled in Tukaram Vs. State of Maharashtra,[18]that there were no injuries on the person of the girl, which meant that she did not put upresistance and that the incidence was a “peaceful affair”. After the Supreme Court acquitted the accused, there was public outcry and protests, which eventually led to amendments in theIndianrape lawviaThe Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act 1983 .

-By Shivam Pathak

The Pakistan Monument is one of the best example Pakistan’s sophistications in terms of beauty and architecture. The monument is situated in Islamabad,
Pakistan. It is a heritage museum come national monument. The construction of this monument was commenced in the
year of 2004. After three years the construction of this monument was completed in the year of 2007.

At present
the monument stands as one of the prime destinations for tourists in the country. The elevation of the monument makes it conspicuous from the far distance. The monument stands in the heart of Pakistan as an epitome of the unity of Pakistani people. The architecture of the monument outlines rich Mughal architecture elements of the Subcontinent in its appearance.

The shape of the monument is like a petal, which is an integral part of the traditional muqarnas (a form of ornamented vaulting in Islamic architecture) of Mughal architecture. Its seven petals symbolizes a particular proportion of the country of Pakistan, like- its four large petals delineate the nations’ major four cultures -Punjabi, Balochi, Sindhi and Pakhtun, and the other petals which are a bit smaller than the former represents the nations’ minorities- Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Thus together form the state of Pakistan.

As stated before, the monument also entails a museum, which narrates the history of the creation of Pakistan. Therefore it won’t be wrong to remark that the beauty of this monument is rather competent in enrapturing anyone,
who sees it.

 

With passage of every second somehow we come to know about number of surging tally that is mounting every hour every day, Suddenly we came to know about Number of Active cases across the Globe, Across the Country and Even We came to know about detection of Infected Individual within our Range Who is demarcating it ? Measures And policies governments and International community adopting suddenly came as in the form of Information in one Pop Up of Message In notification Bar. We come across every bit of Information and status articulated to Medical services, Vaccine formations, Various preventive measures suggested by Governments and Health Communities around the world by sitting under comfort on a chair Before a screen or By a single click on the screen of the Mobile phone by a single scroll on a computer system. Today we all are aware of every bit of the outer world by just sitting comfortably inside a room or villa because of the Outstanding, Exhortative and Audacious work of Mass Media. Media had Carried Every Single news, every possible information to our doors. Amid of The Pandemic role and Responsibilities reflected by Mass media and people pertinent to mass media is really Appreciable and deserves serious praise. India’s tally had touched the mark of around 29 Lakhs cases across the region in 200 days since the first case was detected on January 30. In the previous 14 days India had Witnessed around 9 lakh cases, but against all the odds and fears Mass media brought Bold steps and played a significant and Incumbent Role.

         “ROLES PLAYED BY MASS MEDIA AMID OF PANDEMIC” –

Campaign against the deadly Evil COVID-19

It was the month of january world was Introduced to an unknown life threatening Virus suddenly with the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan In china, and this deadly hidden enemy took many lives around the globe in a single stroke of glimpse, Increased the tensions of WHO and Health communities all over the world, After examining the COVID-19 Health communities around the world purposed several Preventions and precautions How one can kept Safe himself amid of this ‘Corona Kal’ WHO and health communities prescribed “Maintain Social Distancing” “Wash Your hands frequently with soaps and sanitizers” “Avoid Public or Mass Gatherings” etc. and Mass Media played a significant role here by running a campaign over their portfolios channels in the form of writings and spread every bit of proposed precautions and preventive measures against COVID-19 among the Public. Mass and social Media come forward with an appeal to maintain and sustain the proposed preventive measures by the mediums of Acts, Advertisement etc. 

Put Forward The Accurate Research and Data-

Mass Media Is a powerful weapon and source that determines how we experience the world and ourselves and Research and data played a significant role in how we perceive ourselves as an aware citizen. Broadcasting information and research work over the time aware us regarding the status of COVID-19. We human beings are undoubtedly the Social Animals so, it is not odd that rumors and misconceptions will not air. Amid this bitter period So many misconceptions and Rumors confronted the masses. But Mass media worked efficiently and carried out the most possible and accurate information pertinent to the COVID-19 by discouraging the fake Information. Some platforms like Youtube, Facebook, and Youtube etc. had produced significantly rumors and misinformation for their self oriented goals becoming a serious concern for the Government and health Authorities but Several Mass media Platforms comes forward with Accurate and Precise Research pertinent to COVID-19 and other issues, provide us every single status when the treatment will approach to the people? What are the trends of trials , What are the significant Results and conclusions put forward by trial agencies and health communities ? What are the possibilities and on every single front of research mass media comes and broadcasts the information.

Social Media Played A role of Encouragement-

NO Doubt ! Covid-19 is life threatening agent but the audacious work carried out by media houses is important to praise and give a hand of appreciation when the world came under the shelter of lockdowns and remained locked in their homes with families People articulated to mass media shows courage and report every single possible platform to carry out information regarding COVID-19 for us. They not only put forward information and data recorded but encouraged us all to maintain all the lock down norms to maintain all the Quarantine Norms and guidelines by encouraging us putting their lives under threat and putting aside their families and reduce panic among people and inject confidence among people to support and follow public health measures and encourages people to ask their queries to share their public opinions and perceptions that can placate the situation of stumbleness.

Visualising Mass Media As Assets Amid OF Pandemic-

In this real time Pandemic Social media is an incumbent source of information, for example Twitter has potential to deliver real time information and data acknowledging the Public health Authorities to answer the questions and concerns of people within a short span of time. CDC (centres for disease control and prevention ) had used social media as an effective source to aware citizens and projecting crucial information for them. Public health departments and authorities used this as a tool to communicate and share information and data.

Emergence of Social Startups and voluntarily works-

 Mass Media encourages people to ignite a lamp of hope by projecting the social startups and voluntarily works. People came forward collectively and formed several startups to provide crucial things like food, water to  raise public awareness etc. startups made portfolios to deliver best of the information related to the deadly virus disease like Near Medical Care Centre, Near quarantine Centre, Incumbent Medicines etc. Some social startups came with an appeal to encourage people to maintain proper norms and practices while remaining in their houses projects, innovative ideas and virtual competitions and other works of learning for the students. 

Impact of Social Media Regarding Covid-19–

Social media coverage and public opinions had produced significant results. Airlines inter state transportation by any means got stopped due to the impact of social media coverage. 

Social media and mass media platforms share the important policies and concepts put forward by various experts belonging to the medical sector, economic sector and others sectors and played a role of medium 

to carry the voice of many upto the ears of government and articulated bodies. This brought significant results exhorting the government to shape policies and structures keeping in mind the concerns of public opinions. Recently, the government announced the conducting of NEET-2020 Exam but people opposed it and Tamilnadu  Government came forward with the opinion of people and refused to conduct the exam.

Similar pictures of public opinion put forward by Mass media amid the immigration of workers showing their griefs and pathetic conditions before the government and accounting this situation government runs the trains and public transportation for the public means. 

There was a similar issue of unemployment and medical and a question of living before many poor and social media raise their voice before the government and appealed every single query put forward by people in front of the government and noticeably the government listened and responded with proper solutions like projecting stimulus package and other palacting policies. Government provides employment to the rural labour by the means of MANREGA and by other means. 

“EDUCATION CAN BE FLOURISHED ANYWHERE”

Education and learning is akin to light; it does not need a medium to propagate as light does not need to propagate. Education and learning are the universal unanimous sign of enlightenment that have capability to reshape the inner conscious of an individual.

Gaining Education and learning needs not medium such as infrastructures, comfort viabilities etc. Learning and grasping is a phenomenon that involves the active consciousness of a student who had zeal to know to explore to reach at an extent of unknown and a devoted tutor, teacher or according to indian mythology ‘guru’ nothing apart from it needed to foster and fortify the foundation of learning.

Depiction in the image is reflecting an exhorting tale that is about devotion and zeal to learn keeping aside all the other factors of comfort, facilities and acquiring the main objective i.e., “To Learn”. And this kind of pedagogy depicted in the image provides a glimpse of Ancient Education when Devotee leaves every comfort of their home, keeping behind every Relationship and head away for the “Aashrams” in the forests where they acquired the enlightening source of education from their respected gurus learn various aspects to ignite inner conscious. Learning and education not necessarily required Schools and buildings and infrastructures and other viable comforts. Education can be flourished anywhere it required only the will of student to explore the unknown and blessings of a teacher in the form of his lessons. 

“A blessing in the Disguise” 

This is very well said, something looking obnoxious has hidden blessings that got revamped in the near future. Efforts made in the situation of harrowing produce stunning charisma in the future. This is an epitome form of grasping and learning anybody can sit under a well designed roof with the coolness of AC’s and anybody can teach on a well standardized platform but teaching under such pathetic condition without any viable source keeping apart every misery and pathetic condition is the extreme form of Education that also have Pious blessings of Almighty god. And students sitting within open under the direct scorching rays of sun with hot bowl like condition or sometimes under the chilling winds of winter but forgetting all the discomforts and putting forward the great essence to learn something is an exceptional thing and this exceptional zeal of students to grow instead of all miseries and discomforts fortify them to every challenge and Almighty god also blessed them with an inner enlightenment of learning.

Pious And Pure Form Of Education-

This Pedagogy under disguise shaped a religion that is a religion of learning In which every single Individual grasping under such conditions believes in the religion of learning. Students articulated to such conditions forgot every means of discrimination disequality, dignity etc. They shape a new universe of learning that does not involves the aspects of status, dignity, condition based upon richness and poorness they prone themselves to the motive of Learning and serves the best motive of education i.e., to believe in everything with a homogenous eye with an eye of equality these teachers and students have only one religion one belief and one aim to learn to grow, keeping behind every other distracting factor and this the pious form of education that have a message and theme to Change change towards move towards world of reformation.

Education and learning can flourish anywhere without any source of availability. It needs only the inner consciousness of a student and the inner devotion of a teacher. And charismatic results of education produced under the Roof of sky and Upon the Carpet of Earth in the name of Almighty god and belief in the devotion of teachers with an inner zeal produce Tremendous Results that are Farsighted and Have Implications for the future. No! One can forget the name of APJ Abdul Kalam and Abraham Lincon and many more who cherish under the roof of such Exhorting Pedagogy.

  “Assignment To Master your Vocabulary”

Today’s world of Communication language  acts as a bridge to Consolidate the different aspects of life. From Common gossips of  people upto the exhorting speech of the Prime minister these are the words that reflect the essence of the Plot.

In today’s world to foster any activity varying from business world, corporate world, entertainment daily life activities,scientific data, webinars, conferences in every aspect of life language is ‘de rigueur’. So having a good amount of Vocabulary within your pocket can be Tremendously effective and  that can add another ‘feather in your cap’. 

Methods That are very effective to Improve the Vocabulary-

Reading Habit-

Reading is an efficacious method to ameliorate the vocabulary. Are you a beginner ? Don’t be afraid and get penic about it, just start reading Newspapers, Magazines, Novels and Books and any other stuff that belongs to your domain.Start reading the stuff that gives you a feeling of pleasure and stuck you for a long time, read genres that you like most. Regular habit of Reading introduces you with new words and their usage as per the context and this will enable you to recapitulate with the same word and this will be fortified in the dictionary of your mind, along with reading and preparing a separate diary for collection of new words with their proper definition and meaning.

Writing Habit-

Writing is an effective means not only to express an intuitive voice on any platform but proper and punctilious writing is a practice that is Excessively Crucial and can be proved a milestone in developing Vocabulary. Just simply plot an imagination in your brain or describe any Aspect whatever you like in the form of essays, articles, blogs, etc. Using the Inconclusive and mysterious words you encountered while reading use those outlandish words you had jotted in your diary, this practice will compel you to revise those concealed words with the usage as per the context and effectively your memory can sustain those words for a long time.

Articulate words with Imagination-

While processing words in your mind try to articulate the word with an image so that you can process the meaning of the word pertinent to the subject. Image pertinent to the word will remain for a long time and also helps in learning a significant number of words.

Daily Gossips-

Of Course ! Every Individual has their friend zone in which a lot of gossip is shared through chatting,verbally etc. While jogging in the morning or while walking in parks and playgrounds in evening, Use different outlandish words you interact while reading, watching or from any source, with your friends. Whenever you are chatting over any platform use those words excessively and use those to explore words while interacting with someone while giving speeches, debates, and any programme that involves the part of communication.

Usage Of standard Books and material –

A number of words can be extracted  using some good books. Norman Lewis’ can ignite your zeal to learn and to build a good amount of vocabulary. If your flow of learning and exploring vocabulary gets stagnant Just Start It with ‘Norman Lewis’, etc.

                                 “VOCABULARY”

There is Something That Unify The Human Civilization That is “Sui generis” makes sapiens collaborate to carry out things collectively and that is believing in something believing in common myths, mystic factors, stories and religion, etc. and these are the factors which contributes significantly to unify Sapiens for a common purpose in multitude, this is belief in something that binds us to perform collectively. According to a scientific study a large number of people can not consolidate with rational logic or information, until you produce among them a ‘belief’ until you tell them a story even a large number of strangers can share their active participation by believing in common myths. 

Today, we came across a large number of religious gatherings performing religious practices across the globe and religion is something that operates upon a common belief.

And here the ‘The Psychology of satan” or satanism( A psychology involves religious based psychology which accounts for worshipping of Satan(concept of devil or evil) as deity or concept. It composed of certain rituals and malpractices that involves sexual exploitation murdering etc. and it perceived as a theory of demonology and these all practices are carried out to please the unknown imaginative powers to sustain the glory)

According to the study of scholars Asbjorn Dyrendal and several others they  interpret Satanism as “has a history of being a destination made by people against those whom they dislike; Satan or concept of satanism came into existence When the common belief, when mystic factors involves the self interest when belief became a weakness, because belief propagated without rational logic.The theological doctrines which aroused men’s passion so violently that men gets ready to perform any activity to avoid the Hell to Please the Almighty God, and start believing in something that is totally illogical and obnoxious. When the Clergyman structured false beliefs to sustain its glory and men perform any activity by believing in it for being immortal the theory of Satanism came into existence. Satanism is an accumulated form of several ideologies and philosophical theories. The first wave of Satanism started Accelerating with the emergence of the first Church of Satan around 1966. Evil has been defined intentionally to wreak griefs and immoralities on the innocents, from milgram’s famous studies of obedience to zimbardo’s prison study, have cited that roots of the evils actions lies in psychological grounds and this emerged as a notion of ‘pure evil’ as a myth and this gives rise to ‘ theory of devil’ that is limited upto the imaginations but seemed real to those who came under this considerations.

The ideology and concept of Satan reached its apex with the influential Taxil hoax of France in the 1890s that put forward that Freemasonry worshiped Satan, Lucifer, and Baphomet in their rituals.

And in the 1980s and 1990s, the satanic rituals abused hysteria in the middle of fears that Satanists were practicing the mal practices including the sexual harassments and murdering of children.

Throughout the christian history practicing of Satanism remained in light Satanism and the concept of satan has also been used by artists entertainers and various other groups etc. for symbolic expression.Around 1960s satanist identified themselves with distinct identity that categorized as ‘Theistic Satanism’ and ‘Atheistic Satanism’. Where Theistic Satanists Identified themselves as Supernatural deity as a patriarch while Atheistic Satanists Reflect themselves as a symbol of certain human traits.

Whole psychology of satan lies under a complex of fear to gain to sustain to be an integral part of the glory to sustain the throne of glory. And we can clearly point out from the study over calvin amid of french revolution made by ‘Gustave le bon’ that clearly shows that irrelevant and illogical concepts were propagated by calvin that were totally  disjoint and irrational he propagated false ideologies and practices to sustain his theological glory what he posses Calvin States as per a para Extracted from last edition of an official Catechism “By the decree of god, for the manifestation of his glory some men and angles are predestinated unto everlasting life and others foreordained to everlasting death.These angles and men, thus predestinated and foreordained to everlasting death. These angels and men thus predestinated and foreordained are particularly and unchangeably designed and their number is so certain and definite that it can not be either increased or diminished.

Those of mankind are predestinated unto life god before the foundation of world was laid according to his eternal and immutable purpose and the secret counsel and good pleasure of his will hath chosen in christ unto everlasting glory, out of his mere free grace and love without any foresight of faith or good works or perseverance in either of them or other things in the creature”.

According to me Satanism was a malpractice to deprive to manipulate the innocent emotions and sentiments of people to rule out wrong things.