“Earth,Mars and the Human Connection”

Man and technology have evolved as the industrial revolution started. Which not only served the base for new technology and methods in manufacturing but also motivated people to be a part of it by involving in it as scientists, workers and even the buyers by shifting to urban areas to work for their livelihood. This not only changed the world, but also introduced it to a new phase and living of lifestyle. Today we acknowledge different things in our surroundings, including technology in its manufacturing. This technology has helped humans since ages, and to bring up more comfort to his life. The thought every individual had initially was different difficulties, which made them believe it wasn’t possible, but with the essence of togetherness ,we all made it possible. But the biggest and the massive investment and technological advancement was brought up by the idea to go in the space. The dream which every one had in their childhood, became reality, and we humans have been able to do it.

Advancement in this science and technology and various other gadgets is not limited, rather growing with new ideas pulling every day. But the next big idea which companies especially like Nasa and Spacex are working on, is to colonise Mars, by 2024. With Believes to make this planet a permanent home to live on. This idea was brought by CEO, founder of spacex Elon musk and has been working with Nasa and it’s team on this project. Humans have sent rovers and satellites to Mars to know various geographical and environmental aspects which have helped to know about it’s terrain and major gases in its atmosphere.

But the main question which arises in the mind of each individual is “How would this be possible and What would these astronauts be doing at the red planet and would be their strategies”? So for this initially Spacex and Nasa would be sending it’s Big Falcon rockets on an unmanned missions which would be setting up the power sources ( the solar panel) and to mine so as to build their automated Propellent system and plant. The main work for this propellant plant would be to process the excess of carbon dioxide and water found in the surface of Mars to make oxygen and methane which would then be used as a propellant on the return back mission to earth. The sabatier process involved the usage of nickel catalyst to interact with hydrogen and carbon dioxide at high temperatures and pressure which results in the production of water and methane. This would be liquified and used fuel to come back .

But the most important thing to do is to set up their base on Mars which could be similar to the Internal Space station with expansions at each side. Talking about the essentials food and water, these astronauts would be carrying with them almost 2 years’ vault of food vacuumed with them like the one used in the International space Station. Nasa has also been working on the travel mode, which would be a rover-like thing being able to carry around 4-5 people on board even in the baddest and toughest areas if land..

“It would be a great adventure to see how humans are able to cross this barrier and prove the power of technologies of different aspects. This journey surely will be filled with adventures, emotions, series of difficulties but with significant hope and the belief to overcome all of them and achieve success”.

India-Nepal Relation in Deep Maelstrom

Current Scenario

The Lower House of Nepal’s Parliament passes amendment on a new map. Nepal’s Parliament on Saturday unanimously voted for the second Constitutional Amendment Bill, which guarantees legal status for new political map of the country that includes part of Indian territory in Uttarakhand. Their new map shows places such as Limipiyadhura, Kalapani and Lipulekh, including strategically important Lipulekh pass, which are in Uttarakhand’s Pithoragarh district as part of that country’s territory.

Historical Relation: Treaty of Sugauli

It is a treaty that established the relation about the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and Raj Guru Gajaraj Mishra with Chandra Shekhar Upadhaya for Nepal following the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16. The treaty represented a Nepali surrender to the British and contained the concession of Nepal’s western territory to the British East India Company. The result of this treaty was that Nepal lost almost one-third of its territories on the east, south and west.

Why are Nepalese not accepting this treaty ?

Nepal is not accepting this treaty because they thought that aim of any treaty is to provide both the sides more or less equal o equitable benefits even of one side get a little more benefits and the other a little less. But Nepal suffered only losses because of the treaty while British India gained a huge territorial advantage. The British got the facilities of the corridor in the concession was made for Nepal.

They also claim that this treaty was not signed by both parties. The draft was prepared by the only East India Company with the signature of Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw on December 2, 1815. Nepali Majesty signed over the treaty because he threatened by the East India Company.

At present Nepal renounced “all claims to or connection (as in original text with the countries lying to the west of river Kali.” (Art. V.) The land east of the Kali thus remained with Nepal. This claim is reinforced by some old revenue records and gazette notifications.

India’s Stand Over this Issue

India accepts this position, but its claims arise from the ambiguity in the treaty on the identification of the Kali river and its origin. According to India, the river originates from Lipu Lekh and then merges into other streams and tributaries to become the Mahakali. Nepal contends that Kali originates from Limpyadhura and the stream originating from Lipu Lekh is called Lipu Khola. India commented that we can solve this issue by bilateral talks but Nepal does not seem taking interest in this matter. There may be some doubt, opacity or obscurity but it can be solved through the bilateral discussion. Nepal should come over the table and discuss this issue.

The British Government

British government ruled over India for almost 200 years. They took many decisions but all the decisions are in controversy in today’s scenario. Either we talk about the decision over Indo-Pak border or Indo-Nepal border. Everywhere, we will get unsatisfied decision or disputed matter where the British government was involved. The main aim of the British government was to rule over the countries for a long time. And they follow the “divide and rule” principle. First Pakistan raised concern over the Kashmir and now Nepal is behaving in the same way.

Epilogue

The maps issued by the British between 1816 and 1860 may favour the Nepali position. But, the maps issued afterwards endorse India’s position. It is possible that the British administration changes this position through proper surveys or subsequently decided to manipulate this position, to serve its larger strategic and commercial interests in using the Lipu Lekh pass for access to Tibet. Independent India was handed over access to Kalapani and Lipu Lekh by the British.

Blaming India for any encroachment is baseless. It must be borne in mind that much before the British came, not the Gurkha kings annexed Kumanon and Garhwal regions-then surrender under the Sugauli Treaty-Indians were using this route for the pilgrimage to Kailash Mansarovar. The route has deep spiritual and civilisational significance for India. China accepted Lipu Lekh as one of the cultural and commercial transit points with India under its 1954 Peaceful Co-Existence Agreement. This was reiterated in 2015 in a joint statement during the Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to China.

The first step: Building blocks of life

An atmosphere of happiness gets created when a new life takes shape. When you entered the world, you had no sense about yourself. You may have cried several times to express when you wanted something. Slowly as you grew, you started saying chunks of words, gradually crawling and finally learn to walk. This succession couldn’t be determined and taught in advance. Everything takes time.

Some alphabet are written on the board. — The first letters of the alphabet.

Similarly, when you go to school first time and till graduation and further, that journey is a long way to go. This stage of life is where your proper education starts. Starting from learning alphabets but in different languages as the curriculum is diverse across the world. Every parent wishes that their child gets the best school to seek a good job and secure their future generation in a better way. Do anyone think about being a better human, unknowingly these are gained through what we learn and observe things around us.

The kids are drawing. — The kids are learning to draw objects.

The problem is that everyone in the world doesn’t have the same capabilities like in terms of money, maybe a person is willing to study but don’t have proper financial support, their dream comes to an end. Although there are scholarships, not everyone has adequate knowledge of how to gain, or else those money goes in the wrong hand and that’s where the corruption starts. There are numerous reasons like the person is not willing to study a particular subject. They have to learn it forcefully, leading to depression, bad academic results, lack confidence, low self-esteem, and much more. This situation happens because, in some countries, they follow an old education policy, rarely updated, and there is no freedom to choose subjects electively. Not everyone likes to become a doctor or an engineer in the future. One may wish for something that the person likes, but the society fears by conveying that the particular field has no scope in the future.

There are many more problems related to education, like in schools, there is not even a proper student to teacher ratio maintained, no adequate infrastructure due to improper funding. No digitalization due to which the students rely on the book knowledge and ends up there. There are public libraries that do offer books and also allow them to access the internet, but this model is not visible everywhere. In this patriarchal society, not only these but also problems are there with the mentality of their parents. Like where they think a girl shouldn’t pursue higher education as they will have to work one day at someone else’s houses or don’t allow their children to study as they are their sole supporters. No one else is there to look after them.

An open corridor. — A doorway in a school

Remote education and distant learning may solve these problems, but we need to find these group of people who actually require help and then voluntarily study in the future. There are children in rural areas who can’t access these facilities. We need to reach and also improvise our current education curriculum so that the employment rate decrease and one can stand on itself and employ others for their work.

“They Are Lucky Who Gets Their work”

The man is work oriented from origins from the roots of man evolution it is work which defines mankind makes him disparate from other species work is a sign of efficiency which shows humans endeavour and enthusiasm and a basic tool to survive in todays modern world makes him impeccable. work is a sign of pleasure, wisdom, happiness, and passion, for many it is a fun to have many hours in laborateries with instruements, chemicals, and tools .for many it is inner satisfaction to practice or to workout without being getting stop in nets or in playgrounds. someone enjoyed working hours on desktops online portals etc. but contrary to it, for someone working long hours is getting tedious, jejune, mundane, and dullsville or work might suit him or not hence the man who is trying to do work for which he is unfitted feels repressed gets totally bewilder or perplexed. working half heartedly without enthusiasm or keen interest produce drudgery outcomes which carried the man to stage where he hates his work its nonetheless melancholy ,gloom, despondency and it all brings unhapiness and sorrow creates a vicious circle of Misfit : inefficient : unhappy : more inefficient which might lead to some serious troubles like depression, anxiety, fear, phobia , crime and a kind of disease is generated which degrade person’s mental and physical health make him more worried and sick makes him hateful towards his work brings destructive ideas thoughts and feelings rather than constructive ideas therefore there is something wrong something abnormal happened. hence when question of choosing work arouse or invoked it is rare a man gets work what suits him the most more than 90 percent entered in a choice of work or profession which is totally unsuited for them that does not matches their domain, which is the primary reason for many sufferings choice one of the greatest handicaps of all classes today is that more than 80 percent of people had introduced to a work blindly irrespective of their interest liking or fitness or opportunities. this is mostly happened when a man wants ultimate leisure and it is well said “the almost universal cry for leisure is due to the almost universal unfitness of men and women for their task”. A wise man knows there is no actual pleasure feeling of inner satisfaction or happiness in leisure. happiness arouse when a man completely lost himself in the work without Repercussions of health time and other factors without caring for anything except his work completely lost in deep oceans swinging within it with complete enthusiasm energy and devotion without getting exhausted. so keeping conscious and cognitive abilities at par related to knowledge of self knowledge of others and knowledge of work and suitable combination of these factors brings out numerous possibilities of happiness. choice of work is an issue of utmost importance and great concern faulty choice consumes energy consumes times and leads to a situation of collapse where one feels Paralysed. people with right choice and right work are lucky and rare but they enjoyed various colours of work enjoying it with ease deeply entrenched within work.

What Will Kill First?

Businesses have been suffering and reeling under the impact of the lockdown enforced due to the Corona Pandemic. Although the Indian Government has announced a 20 lakh crore stimulus package for the Indian economy, the small businesses and the daily wage earners continue to struggle. The majority are left questioning as to what will kill them first, the Coronavirus or hunger?

People are being laid off jobs continually. Businesses are closing down. The underprivileged without savings have been left relying on the substandard government rations and subsidies. The middle class continue to suffer a lot as they are neither eligible for the rations yet they continue to be laid off their jobs. People who are testing positive for corona and recovering are being treated as a social outcast and are being asked to stay away from the office. The economy is stuttering with a record low growth. People in the private sector are being to asked to do the usual job at a fraction of their earlier salary to help the company to recover the losses the company has suffered. Even though the markets are slowly opening up, the customers are staying away from the fear of contracting the deadly virus. The popular markets and malls are recording the lowest footfall they have ever seen.

People are dying and some are traumatised having to stay put in their house month after month. Depression and anxiety are becoming alarmingly common in society. People are only buying essential commodities and luxury items are being shunned. With low and uncertain streams of income, people have stuck to only buying daily essential commodities. The stock market has gone for a toss with record low Sensex and the share price of companies plummeting. The tour and travel industry have been suffocating and will continue to suffer for the years to come. It will take all the industries a lot of time to return back to normalcy.

The educational institutions have been rendered moot with all of them shut with no classes in their institutions possible. The exams are being cancelled and the students and their guardians are finding it extremely difficult to pay off the monthly fees. Some institutions like Don Bosco Liluah, St.John school based in Howrah, a city in West Bengal have made relaxation in the fees structure to assist the parents in this time of financial crisis. However, the schools are suffering from a paucity of funds. The corona crisis has led to a financial emergency in almost all of the sectors in the country.

No one knows how long it will take for the world economy to recover even if a vaccine for Covid-19 is made available. The devastating impact of Corona has led to the loss of lives, daily livelihood and scarred the 21st-century human civilization for life. The daily wage earners and the migrant labourers are suffering a lot. Some have already lost their lives due to hunger and some have lost their lives in the process of having to travel back to their villages.

Everyone is hoping for the nightmare to end soon and for the world economy to get back on its feet and keep moving ahead. Some people keep stressing on the fact that they would rather die from the virus than die of hunger. Thus they continue to risk their lives of travelling for their jobs to earn their daily bread. The pitiable condition of India is only
deteriorating daily with India climbing to the 4th position in the list of Covid-19 positive cases. As Rahul Gandhi rightly pointed out, India is on its way to winning the “wrong race”.

12 June – World Day Against Child Labour

Whenever we recall our childhood days then most of us remember those carefree and happy days of our life. We remember going to school, reading books, teacher’s surprise test, playing cricket with friends and a lot more activities that we miss dearly today. We were always fortunate because we were protected and our dreams were nurtured and cherished by our parents. But there are many children who are less fortunate. They work day and night in unfair circumstances for little or no money. In some extreme cases these children are even forced to work under threat of violence or death. These children mainly work to support their families who are usually trapped in vicious circle of poverty.

Child Labour – A Plague

Children are classified as child labourers when they are either too young to work, or are involved in hazardous activities that may compromise their physical, mental, social or educational development.

According to estimates by the International Labour Organization (2017) there are 152 million children aged between 5-17, subject to child labour. Among this 66 million are girls and 88 million are boys. Among this 72 million are engaged in dangerous work.

Almost 1 in 10 children between the age of 5 and 17 years old have to work.
About 4.3 million children aged below 18 years are in forced labour.
70.9% engaged in agriculture.
17.2% working in service sector.
11.9% working in heavy industry.
Most child labour takes place in the informal sector.
Nearly 70% of children does unpaid work.

Africa alone is the home to 72 million child labourers, which is higher than any other continent. Asia and the Pacific rank second highest with 62 million child labourers in this region. Together they account for almost nine out of every 10 children in child labour worldwide. The remaining child labour population is divided among the Americans – 11 million, Europe and Central Asia – 6 million and the Arab States – 1 million.

About World Day Against Child Labour –

The International Labour Organization launched the World Day Against Child Labour in 2002 to raise awareness and prevent child labour. Each year on 12 June this day brings together government, employees, workers, organizations, civil societies and many people from around the world to highlight the seriousness of the issue. Rules and regulations are made, solutions are sought on how to fight and protect the rights of these children and to provide better quality education and health facilities to child labour.

Theme of World Day Against Child Labour 2020-

The theme of World Day Against Child Labour 2020 focuses on the impact of crisis on child labour. The theme for 2020 is “Covid 19 – Protect Children from Child Labour,now more than ever!” This pandemic and the resulting economic and labour market shock are having a massive impact on people’s lives and livelihoods. Unluckily, children are going to suffer the most. The crisis is going to push millions of vulnerable children to clutches of Labour employees. These children now have to work even in worst conditions and for longer hours.

This is the time when we have to join hands together to eradicate this evil situation which feeds on our innocent children, it will continue to plague our community. This is the time to show humanity. Pledge that we will never let any children practice child labour. We will safeguard their childhood and provide them with a chance to dream big.

“Life of Little ones are destroyed, when child labour is employed.”

P. S. – For more information visit to http://www.un.org.

global media

Communication is the act of conveying yourself to one another. It can be two or more than two or groups. So as the information is the most powerful and most critically sought commodity in today’s world. In our contemporary society those who controls these information can be said to be most powerful. With global media there is a free flow of information around the world through media.

In this free flow of information, technology in this modern era plays an important role. But sometimes this technology can be a negative factor for global media. Technology is being so advanced that its easy to circulate or get the information but if technology become as negative factor than it can a failure for the flow of information. Developed countries can easily access the information but for the countries who are considered to be underdeveloped cannot be easy for them to have easy access to the global information. Basically, global media is a media that have access to all the information that can be taken through communicating with each other. That’s why communication is biggest source of information for media. Inspite of any geographical distances or cultural distance this sourc e of information can be reach to thousands of homes. Internet is the main source of information and also the main source of information for global media as well. Digital communication is a big advantage in global media. It is a media that is available or spread around the world through various medium like television, radio, internet, or etc. These information can be access by any person through any medium.

On the continuously changing scenario in global media environment communication and technology provides a platform for research with multiple ideas and perspectives. It is also a good reading for students, researchers, and academics. It can be the most known research and a blog to write on. It includes many features but the special features will include interviews, data reports on various countries, reviews on media posts or etc. The global media includes many considerations such as elimination of inequalities or removal of internal and external obstacles for free flow of information. An unbalanced flow of information among the media around the world is an great issue that can be seen from the developed countries to underdeveloped countries. Therefore media plays an crucial role in global media in providing free flow of information.

Global media is basically a source of information that can be provided around the world or circulated around the world through various medium such as internet, newspapers, television, radio, or etc. It also include changes in technologies, greater dependence in on global communication, greater independence and democracy, or etc. However, global media provides knowledge as well as ideas to the people around the world.

Evaluation of Indian Architecture

Art, design, creativity, innovation, Music, dance, culture, and heritage is the Identity of INDIA. When we look back at our history of architecture we can understand why It’s Our pride. British, Dutch, Portuguese, Mughal, French foreign forces came to India and Buddhism, Jainism and other religions came here and spread their culture. That’s why Indian architecture is the fusion of a different kind of architectural style and tradition.

The History of India begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization,(2600 BCE – 1900 BCE) The Indus Valley Civilization covered a large area around the Indus River basin and beyond in late Bronze Age India. The civic and town planning and engineering aspects of these are remarkable, There are granaries, drains, water-courses and tanks, but neither palaces nor temples have been identified, though cities have a central raised and fortified “citadel”. Around the 2000 year ago India had Smart cities Like Harappa, Lothal, Mohenjo-Daro

**Indus Valley Civilisation** source of the pictures GOOGLE

After the Indus Valley Civilization, there are few traces of Indian architecture, which probably mostly used wood, or brick which has been recycled,

Probably around 400 BCE Indian rock-cut architecture, mostly Buddhist, and there are also a number of Buddhist images that give very useful information.

Buddhist construction of monastic buildings apparently begins before the death of Buddha.

The Great Stupa at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India, and an important monument of Indian Architecture. It was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. Its nucleus was a simple hemispherical brick structure built over the relics of the Buddha

**Sanchi Stupa** **is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at Sanchi Town in Raisen District of the State of Madhya Pradesh**,

Temple Architecture was a gradual evolution starting from the rock cut- cave temples to monolithic rathas which finally culminated in structural temples

The middle period saw great developments in the field of architecture. With the coming of Muslims to India, many new features came to be introduced in buildings. The development of the Muslim Style of Architecture of this period can be called the Indo-Islamic Architecture or the Indian Architecture influenced by Islamic Art. The Indo-Islamic style was neither strictly Islamic nor strictly Hindu, One of the best architectural traditional style

**The Taj Mahal**, **one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world’s heritage.**

With colonization, a new chapter in Indian architecture began. The Dutch, Portuguese and the French made their presence felt through their buildings but it was the English who had a lasting impact on Colonial architecture.

The **Victoria Memorial** is a large marble building in **Kolkata, West Bengal, India,** which was built between 1906 and 1921

Now we are living in the 21st-century style, traditional, plan structure changed, modified but these architectures are immortal and inspiring generation after generation.

From Indus Valley to eco-friendly plan creativity, hard work, ideas, style tradition makes our country beautiful.

WORK HARD! OR WORK SMART?

When someone tells you to WORK HARD! What does this hard work mean? Why we are always supposed and forced to work hard? Generally, everyone gives us this blessing or advice for us to work hard! To work by investing all of your efforts is your hard work, but, when you invest all of your brains is SMART WORK!

Your approach towards your work shows, either you are doing hard work or doing smart work. When you work hard, then also you achieve your target, but, the journey is quite stressful and time taking. On the other hand, if you work smartly, you find valid shortcuts, less time-consuming ways to proceed, good planning, and many more.

Hard work is something like bull work; the bull is used in fields as they are very strong and have a lot of physical power. Moreover, smart work is the logical effort, your efforts are not only for sake of completion of the work, but you also enjoy doing that, manage it well and accomplish it.

In colleges, there are students of two different categories, one who studies the whole syllabus putting their blood and sweat to get good marks or to be in the first position. On the other hand, some students come in the second category, they analyse, what is going to come? What is the actual pattern? They contradict this based on previous year question papers. Their inclination is towards smart work, not hard work!

Hard Work set one’s sight on the quantity, maybe it becomes boring after some time, but, it is done with all your heart and gives the best results. Smart Work set one’s sight on the quality, one find ways to reduce time but put all the efforts, this also gives the best results.

Always do laudable work! Hard work pays off. Same, Smart work pays off! If one believes, hard work is more profitable, than one should go with that, and if, one finds smart work more profitable, then go with the strategies of smart work. Work Hard or Work Smart, focus on the positive outcome.

To create the foundation of your achievements, you must do hard work, but, to do the same work in less amount of time, and more efficiently, you should work smartly.

Working hard requires a lot of time, efforts as it is a traditional work style, working smartly give you outputs earlier, and much more easily as you worked by analyzing and managing.

For achieving your goals, not only physical strength is required, but mental strength also plays a very important role in your journey. You have to rub your mind, make it sharper, understand your goal, and start a journey which involves creative work, time management, and many more.

Hard Work and Smart Work together will give you TRIUMPH! Many famous personalities: Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Aryabhata has given their lives for their researches; those researches show their hard work and are useful for us till date. They used their mind smartly and did hard work simultaneously.

BE A SMART HARD WORKER!

NET BANKING A BOON?

Traditional banks offer many services to their customers, including accepting customer money deposits, providing various banking services to customers, and making loans to individuals and companies. Compared with the traditional channels offering banking services through physical services, Net banking use the internet to deliver traditional banking services to their customers, such as opening accounts, transferring funds, and electronic bill payment.

Net banking can be offered in two main ways, first, an existing bank with physical offices can also establish an online site and offer net banking services to its customers in addition to the regular channel, Net banking is provided without extra cost to customers. Customers are attracted by the convenience of Net banking through the internet and in turn, banks can operate more efficiently when customers perform transactions by themselves rather than going to the bank branch and dealing with a branch representative.

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Net banking services are delivered to customers through the internet and web using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). One of the main and important concerns of Net banking is security, without great confidence in security customers are unwilling to use a public network such as the internet to view their financial information and conduct financial transactions. Some of the security threads include invasion of an individual’s privacy and theft of confidential information. Banks with E-banking service offer several methods to ensure a high level of security :

Identification and authentication
Encryption
Firewalls

The range of e-banking services is likely to increase in the future. Some banks plan to introduce electronic money and electronic cheques. Electronic money can be stored in computers or smart cards and consumers can use electronic money to purchase goods of small value over the internet. Electronic cheques will look similar to paper cheques, but they can be sent from the buyer to sellers over the internet, electronically endorsed by the seller, and forwarded tot eh seller’s bank for electronic collection from the buyer’s bank. Further bank seeks to offer its customers more products and services like insurance, mortgage, financial planning, and brokerage. This will not only deliver more values to the customers but also help banks to grow business and revenues.

ADVANTAGES/BENEFITS OF NET BANKING

1. Advantages from the customers’ point of view:

Net banking provides 24 hours, 365 days a year of services to the customers of the bank.
Customers can make some of the permitted transactions from office, home, or while traveling via mobile phones.
It inculcates a sense of financial discipline by recording every transaction.
There is greater customer satisfaction by offering unlimited access to the bank.
There is greater security to the customers as they can avoid traveling with cash.

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2. Advantages from the bank’s point of view:

Net banking provides a competitive advantage to the bank.
Net banking provides an unlimited network to the bank and is not limited to the number of branches.
Load on branches can be considerably reduced by establishing centralized data and by taking over some of the accounting functions.

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