Crop Failure is an absent or Greatly diminished crop yield relative to expectation ,caused by the plants being damaged,Killed or destroyed in some conditions that they fail to form crops,seeds,leaves,fruits,pulses.
One of the effects of farming is the frequent complete loss of crops due to adverse weather conditions or pests. We explore what causes catastrophic conditions of crop failure by soil and climate
Some examples of Crop failure is Great famine ,Heavy Rains , Volcanic eruption, poor harvesting ,Floods,de salinity land,soil erosion,over fertilization,over desertification,using too much chemicals and unsustainable farming.
Famines and floods
The preventions for crop failures is using sustainable seeds,using digital tools and farming, By using organic materials and maintain low temperature at rate of reproduction by ecological balance.using bed and furrow system of field to prevent floods .
The most effective crop loss preventions are Fertilization,pruning,weeding, loosening the soil,Removal of crop residues,crop rotation and other works of tilage. Constructing ponds,dams and resoirvoir at bank s of fields for alternate source of famine and floods.
World population day is celebrated every year across the world. This annual festival celebrates with specific theme every year. For this year “How to safeguard the health and rights of women and girls now.” theme decided.
Let’s Empower people, develop nations, control population and celebrate this #WorldPopulationDay!#WorldPopulationDay2020 pic.twitter.com/WplsGXXQls
— Praful Patel (@praful_patel) July 11, 2020
According to research of UNFPA, there will be a lot of changes occurs in the lives of women after this pandemic situation. Recent UNFPA research highlighted that if the lockdown continues for 6 months with major disruptions to health services, then 47 million women in low- and middle-income countries may not be able to access modern contraceptives resulting in 7 million unintended pregnancies.
India holds 2nd biggest share of the population in the world. This means we have to be more careful towards resources, environment and sustainable development.#WorldPopulationDay pic.twitter.com/wGUO6n1nJo
— Sadananda Gowda (@DVSadanandGowda) July 11, 2020
31 million additional cases of gender-based violence can also be expected. The disruption of UNFPA’s programmes on the ground could result in 2 million cases of female genital mutilation and 13 million child marriages between 2020 and 2030 that could have been averted.
Self consciousness, up to a point, is necessary to self development;for without an awareness of the dignity of one’s own role or function, one cannot give one’s best to the world.
The above, are the lines from one of the most underrated dramas of Rabindranath Tagore, in the world of literature – Chandalika. A drama with a lots of love, compassion, over compassion, feeling of inferiority, new birth, and culmination of great teachings of Buddha. This drama has a vast history and has been portrayed over centuries as a musical drama, music to give more life to it, and make the audience understand the intensity of the emotions that the protagonists carry in themselves, during the play.
Themes –
A religion that insults is a false religion. Everyone united to make me conform to a creed that blinds and gags. But since that day something forbids me to conform any longer. I’m afraid of nothing now.
The story that is revealed in the plot is all about discovering new dimensions of life, as well as, discovering one’s inner self. Readers also come across new experiences of life through the characters themselves, in each and every scene that is being played on. Set in an old city of Shravasti, in the then Uttar Pradesh, the story has to offers many aspects of human approaches, such as, over obsession for something can be as disastrous as gulping poison. Another aspect of the play is discovered through the act of quenching thirsty Buddhist monk, that proves to be a kind of “rebirth” for a girl who is meant to be untouchable. The presence of the mother is a cue of saying that, one should not step out of the boundaries that are set by the religion and society for any person living on this earth. Rebellion against the wall of system and society, is another thing that is portrayed by the drama. The presence of a Buddhist monk in the play, rejuvenates it, bringing whole of a new sense to the play, teachings of Buddha, determinationtowards life and bringing up the best of aperson, is that converts it into a multi dimensional and psychological drama of intense spiritual conflict. Finally, turning into a sort of redemption, along with self realisation, the drama yet has a tale to tell, that –
Love does not claim possession, but it gives freedom.
Introducing the characters –
Chandalika, as the name suggests, is about a chandal girl belonging to the lowest untouchable caste, who gives water to a beautiful monk and falls for him. Unable to restrain herself, she made her mother chant the spells and bound him to be presented at their house at night. Filled with lust and sensitivity, the character of Prakriti portrays the nature’s qualities, she is aggressive, ready to make sacrifices, adorably tolerant, love excessively, mostly alike our mother nature. The story is not of a wicked girl roused to lust by the physical beauty of the monk, but of a very sensitive girl, condemned by her birth to a despised caste, suddenly awakened to a consciousness of her full rights as a woman.
Anand, the famous disciple of Buddha, is a monk in a real sense, pure, loved all the creatures of the world, spread the enlightenment, and victim of the lust of a girl, who unknowingly, is put to remorse and shame.
Symbolizing the social evils prevailing in the society, in the contemporary time, Prakriti’s mother, is yet another character of the play, who, unfortunately had to pay heavy price of her daughter’s love, by giving sacrificing every nerve and cell of her body. She is, as protective, as every other mother ever lived on this earth. At the same time, preventing her to not to claim such a pure soul, Anand, as her’s.
The plot –
For wisdom is not happiness, and renunciation is not fulfilment.
Forgotten that I was a human being, these words always pinched Prakriti’s ears for many years, when one day in vaisakh, she, sitting under the blistering sun was introduced to a person in town, whom she could only think to be standing some fifty feets apart from “a girl, as she. ” It is, Anand, the monk, pure as heaven, beautiful,englitened, who has renounced the earthly leisures, approaches her to quench his thirst. But, being a Chandal, Prakriti was bound not to offer him water from a lake as unpure as herself, on which he laments, and speaks to her, if the black clouds of sravana are dubbed chandal, what of it? It doesn’t change their nature, or destroy the virtue of their water. Don’t humiliate yourself;self humiliation is a sin, worse than self murder. It is when comes twist in the tale, she is revealed to a new birth of herself and is determined to bring him back to her, and discover a cherish her new birth with herself.
Hearing this from Prakriti’s own mouth, her mother is shaken up and thinks that somebody has chant some spell over her. She is awestruck by the idea of her talking of the humanism, caste, and want for the monk. Not ready to listen to her mother, Prakriti wants the monk back, by hook or by crook, that could be achieved when the mother chants her spell over him, and call him off straight to her place. The mother rebels and protests against this idea of her, saying, we only churn up the mud, his power is much more greater than hers, and by chanting spell over him, she can commit a great sin.
The utmost desire to have the monk right next to her is unshakable, and being the only loveable daughter of her, the mother is bound to chant the magic spells. She makes her prepare all the stuff that is required to fulfill the strength of the words, and giving her a magic mirror, tells her to be attentive of the paththat Anand will choose to come over here. Magically, her spells worked out, but in a different manner, though Anand came all the way to her house, without any second thought, but his radiance withered, the shining, the purity, the heavenly glow, all gone, faded, destroyed to pieces. Also, her mother was exhausted till now, she was lying on the floor, counting last of her breath,as overpowering such a majestic personality was a difficult task to do.
It was the time when Prakriti again realised, was awakened to life, that she has committed a sin, redeemed for the second time, purged of the pride and egoism that had made her forget that love does not claim possession, but gives freedom. Also, the holy monk is taken back into his earlier state by the powers of The Buddha.
The drama is a delight to the readers, a tragedy with a lot of teachings and morals to tell. Self redemption, obsession, realization, rebirth, it is a bunch of great dialogues, that takes the reader into in itself.
We have been hearing from recent times that the problem of Climate Change and Global Warming is increasing and is leading to deteriorate our environment and its resources. Our glaciers have started to melt and air is hardly left cleaner to be breathed. All these factors have also led the life of humans and other animals to suffer. This has been caused due to human early efforts to find themselves the need for power and energy. The major revolution which brought a wider change to the ground reality and people was the initiation of The Industrial Revolution which not only helped people to get jobs and get employed but also helped various families to earn their basic needs and necessities. But with times we have found major sources of energy out of the natural resources and fossil fuels present in our nature and with times these resources have seen a greater loss and have been decreasing thus we are left with not much if resources. These have also led to spoil the climate of our environment as carbon emissions from the vehicles and industries which consume them for energy generation has led to increase in the carbon content in the atmosphere leading to rise of earth temperature and thus climate related problems. Thus we can see how bad have humans deteriorated this earth with their actions in search of a better life.
So what can be the possible solutions in such conditions of difficult times. People do suggest that cleaner fuel and sustainable resources like wind and solar energy can be utilized to fight these prevailing issues. Solar energy is widely available energy and we can use it for better use along with wind energy also. But we can not directly shift to the use of much cleaner fuel and energy sources instantly because:
Most of the power still comes from the energy generated from coal in various industries and most of the countries still don’t have much if technologies to shift to these natural energy sources for power generation.
66% of power we consume comes from coal and other fossil fuel consumption. If we stop it, we wouldn’t not be able to get much power for our daily usage.
Instantly stopping fossil fuel, would let a great stop to our travel and other related things as we would not have fuel to power them.
We would not get out food and other necessities since we won’t have the sufficient sources for delivering them.
Plastic for storing food,making parts of machines and various things would not be possible as we won’t get energy for manufacturing it.
But also the main problem would stay for many decades as according to scientists, they believe that the carbon emissions and other gases are trapped in the atmosphere and thus would require time to get away.
This is the right stage and time for humans to understand the need to shift to much cleaner sources of energy. It’s not possible instantly since there would be a lot of problems doing so , but we can at least start small, by slow building technologies and fuels which would be Eco-friendly and safe for us as well as earth and much cleaner to that which we use at current time. We all need to step together in this journey for better future and thus save this planet slowly but effectively.
As an introvert, I’ve heard many myths and misconception about ourselves, so I’ve wanted to write something like this so that these myths can be cleared. Introverts are generally considered as boring, anti-social, less talkative and nerds. Well I won’t say that all of these are lies, in fact they are true to a certain extent. Off course we introverts don’t talk much but we are impossible to handle when we are with our buddies. Yes we read books and I personally don’t think reading a book should be considered only for nerds or introverts because I have seen highly extroverted people as dedicated readers. Extrovert gets their energy when they are around people and Introvert gets energy and stay charged when they spend time alone with themselves. They think about everything a little too much as compare to others and NO they aren’t unfriendly, in fact they are the most sweetest people you will ever meet. I’ve often felt guilty about wanting to stay alone rather than going out for a movie with my friends , but now I’ve accepted the fact that there isn’t anything to be guilty about. Personally I feel there are many perks of being an introvert which I would like to share with my readers :
Introverts are observant – It may look like they are sitting idle and unbothered by the happenings around them, but they observe every information.They are more likely to notice people’s body language and facial expressions which make then an excellent interpersonal communicator.
Introverts are good listener – Extroverts are likely to jump to conclusions without hearing the whole thing and it is because they process information interactively on the other hand Introverts process information internally. This helps them to hear and understand the information critically.
Introverts think before they speak – As introverts don’t usually like to talk much, they process all their thoughts and information before spitting them out, Their words have moore impact on others.
Quality>quantity – As introverts like being alone and to spend their time with themselves, they don’t make much friends but they chose to be friend with someone whom they can trust blindly . Their friend is generally small and great.
Compassionate leaders – Introverts are the best leaders. They don’t crave for coming into limelight and for taking all the credits as a leader, in fact they like to share their success with everyone. They are not impulsive and as a result take every decision only after analyzing it thoroughly.
Its producers define the Python language as “…an interpreted, an object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics. It’s high-level built-in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid ApplicationDevelopment, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing components.”
Python is a general-purpose programming language, meaning it can be used in the development of both web and desktop applications. It’s also useful in the development of complex numeric and scientific applications. With this sort of versatility, it comes as no surprise that Python is one of the fastest-growing programming languages in the world.
So how does Python jibe with data analysis? We will be taking a close look as to why this versatile programming language is a must for anyone who wants a career in data analysis today or is looking for some likely avenues of upskilling. Once you’re done, you’ll have a better idea as to why you should choose Python for data analysis.
It’s Flexible
If you want to try something creative that’s never done before; then Python is perfect for you. It’s ideal for developers who want to script applications and websites.
It’s Easy to Learn
Thanks to Python’s focus on simplicity and readability, it boasts a gradual and relatively low learning curve. This ease of learning makes Python an ideal tool for beginning programmers. Python offers programmers the advantage of using fewer lines of code to accomplish tasks than one needs when using older languages. In other words, you spend more time playing with it and less time dealing with code.
It’s Open Source
Python is open-source, which means it’s free and uses a community-based model for development. Python is designed to run on Windows and Linux environments. Also, it can easily be ported to multiple platforms. There are many open-source Python libraries such as Data manipulation, Data Visualization, Statistics, Mathematics, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing.
So, to sum up, these points, Python isn’t overly complex to use, the price is right (free!), and there’s enough support out there to make sure that you won’t be brought to a screeching halt if an issue arises.
A job, employment, work or occupation, is a person‘s role in society. More specifically, a job is an activity, often regular and often performed in exchange for payment (“for a living”). Many people have multiple jobs (e.g., parent, homemaker, and employee). A person can begin a job by becoming an employee, volunteering, starting a business, or becoming a parent. The duration of a job may range from temporary (e.g., hourly odd jobs) to a lifetime (e.g., judges).
An activity that requires a person’s mental or physical effort is work (as in “a day’s work”). If a person is trained for a certain type of job, they may have a profession. Typically, a job would be a subset of someone’s career. The two may differ in that one usually retires from their career, versus resignation or termination from a job.
GOVERNMENT JOBS:-
These are those jobs which are allotted or occupied by a person with all job safety and happy livelihood. These jobs are especially allotted by the government to make work easy for the local public.
Some reasons to opt this job and to not are:-
Advantages :-
1. Flexibility: Many people have the misconception that timing for government jobs is rigid and switches are not really possible. However, in reality, the government has made provisions for alternative work schedules. Last year, RBI offered flexible work timings for their officers. This practice helps in maintaining a healthier work-life balance.
2. Holidays: Weekend holiday is what every working professional enjoys. Those who are working in government offices enjoy a lot of holidays. In India, there are a number of festivals and they cover up the maximum portion of holiday list of the yearly calendar in India. So, being a government officer, you will get these holidays so that you can spend quality time with family and friends.
3. Prestige: This is an additional perk given to government officers, may it be at the state level or central level. In private sector you may go to a certain level of rank or position and earn prestige and reputation.
4. Low pressure: This is an advantage if you are committed to your job. However, if you are negligent and too lazy to carry out your responsibilities, you can feel the burden on your shoulders all the time. Otherwise the pressure levels are comparatively low in government sector.
Disadvantages:-
The disadvantages of working in government sector are as follows:
1. Work Environment: Many people complained about lazy work environment in government offices. According to them only a handful of people work diligently and complete their task within the schedule time.
2. Appraisals: You work hard; you expect appraisals for your hard work. It is a universal truth both in private and government sector. However critiques said that in government office, people who are working hard may often go unnoticed.
3. Control levels: In a government office, levels of controls are quite low. Government jobs give you a liberty to work freely, but in a restricted space.
4. Selection process: Although you will find thousand of government jobs in India but getting a government job is tough. Plus the selection process is quite lengthy and cumbersome. Even you are placed in the merit list; still you may have to wait for a long period of time before you actually join the office. Worse thing is that, if you are not selected, you have wasted a couple of days (or even months) and you may feel like you are in the middle of the sea. Carrying yourself from there and shifting to the private sector or to another opportunity in the government offices will take even more time.
PRIVATE JOBS:-
These are those jobs which do not have any government interference and are controlled or operated by an individual or some group of individuals. Reasons to opt for this kind of job and to not are below.
Advantages :-
1. Work Style: Private sector jobs ensure that the employees should complete the given task in a given time frame. So, you can be sure that the work style here is fast paced and efficient. You need to be on your toes every time you take up a responsibility and can be sure that your hard work will be appreciated.
2. Work and Growth: In a private sector, work and growth are directly related. Better you work, higher will be your growth and vice versa. You can be sure that if you are dedicated and have skills to work up to the next level, your potentials will be noticed and you will be promoted to the next level. This is an added advantage of working in a private sector.
3. Job satisfaction: Private sector jobs are not similar to traditional jobs where you have to work for fixed and limited working hours. Here, you can be sure that you are working for late hours but when you move out of your office, you will be satisfied that you have learnt something new today. Given your best to the company. Your hard work is/will be appreciated.
4. Higher pay: Yes, this is what people are mostly attracted to. In the real world, money is the biggest source of motivation and private sector offers you scope to earn incentives or perks for hard work.
Disadvantages:-
1. Pension: People are attracted towards government jobs because they know that when they retire from their job, they will be blessed with a pension plan which will be available to them for the rest of their lives. This facility is not available for those working in the private sector. Private jobs may give you higher pay currently, but once you are out of the organization, you may enjoy the post-retirement benefits. However the scenario has changed since there are many private companies who also have started monetary benefits for their retired employees.
2. Job security: This is a point you can never rule out. Imagine a situation. You are a normal employee in a private organization. Recession hits the economy. You may be terminated from your job. However, this possibility is minimal if you are a government employee. Even if a private sector company is suffering loss, then also your job may be at stake.
3. Holidays: Private sectors work on deadlines and holidays are limited in this sector. If work deadlines are not meet, you may also have to work for long hours and even during public holidays.
4. Competition: Employers of private sector appreciate hard work of employees and appraisals are prompt for the employees, depending on their performance and abilities. However, it also promotes fierce competition amongst colleagues.
CONCLUSION:-
To sum up you, you must consider both the advantages and disadvantages of working in both sectors and then take your decision accordingly. There are, of course, certain jobs that allow you to be “Self-employed” — such as running your own business, or taking up teaching as a private or online tutor. These jobs, especially the teaching ones, hardly depend on how old we get, or how much we can travel. Such things are usually decided upon by the tutor himself/herself, as per convenience. The same can be true for business. However, the ‘job security’ factor is said to be stronger in case of tutors, because it all depends mostly on how they prefer to teach, how many students they wish to teach, when, where, how and for how much. In case of businesses, things might not be the same, as a businessman has to depend on a larger number of factors and make an investment, first. Whichever profession you choose, our best wishes are there for you. Do share any story or advice on this subject, so that others can benefit from your observations, too.
The insanely developing hostility of 21st century towards platonic love is too evidently hard to accept. Old school rituals might have disappeared from the books of history but the dense population of the very existing 21st century is the flipping on to the side of consumerist-oriented relationships which only leave the mark of objective stuff but no question of platonic love. The very tendency of today’s world is characterized by falling for money grubbing subjects which makes one a phony and damages their authenticity. Platonic love might sound a bit too inordinate and extreme but that’s how all the relationships were less complicated and effortlessly portrayed as genuinely heart felt.
ALTRUISTIC > MATERIALISTIC – 21st century has slipped into falling into materialistic things leaving the authentic love behind with ease. People are no more choosing humans over exorbitant things. Humans were once a priority , now it’s all about less thrifty financial decisions and more of decisions comprising of attention seeking things. Limelight has become paramount for every human in the 21st century times. Superiority complexities is the new normal to be flexing statuses which are fake and unsatisfactory subject. Believe it or not platonic love is fading in the times of unbelievable 21st century.
उत्तराखण्ड (पूर्व नाम उत्तरांचल), उत्तर भारत में स्थित एक राज्य है जिसका निर्माण ९ नवम्बर २००० को कई वर्षों के आन्दोलन के पश्चात भारत गणराज्य के सत्ताइसवें राज्य के रूप में किया गया था। सन २००० से २००६ तक यह उत्तरांचल के नाम से जाना जाता था। जनवरी २००७ में स्थानीय लोगों की भावनाओं को ध्यान में रखते हुए राज्य का आधिकारिक नाम बदलकर उत्तराखण्ड कर दिया गया। राज्य की सीमाएँ उत्तर में तिब्बत और पूर्व में नेपाल से लगी हैं। पश्चिम में हिमाचल प्रदेश और दक्षिण में उत्तर प्रदेश इसकी सीमा से लगे राज्य हैं। सन २००० में अपने गठन से पूर्व यह उत्तर प्रदेश का एक भाग था। पारम्परिक हिन्दू ग्रन्थों और प्राचीन साहित्य में इस क्षेत्र का उल्लेख उत्तराखण्ड के रूप में किया गया है। हिन्दी और संस्कृत में उत्तराखण्ड का अर्थ उत्तरी क्षेत्र या भाग होता है। राज्य में हिन्दू धर्म की पवित्रतम और भारत की सबसे बड़ी नदियों गंगा और यमुना के उद्गम स्थल क्रमशः गंगोत्री और यमुनोत्री तथा इनके तटों पर बसे वैदिक संस्कृति के कई महत्त्वपूर्ण तीर्थस्थान हैं।देहरादून, उत्तराखण्ड की अन्तरिम राजधानी होने के साथ इस राज्य का सबसे बड़ा नगर है। गैरसैण नामक एक छोटे से कस्बे को इसकी भौगोलिक स्थिति को देखते हुए भविष्य की राजधानी के रूप में प्रस्तावित किया गया है किन्तु विवादों और संसाधनों के अभाव के चलते अभी भी देहरादून अस्थाई राजधानी बना हुआ है।राज्य का उच्च न्यायालय नैनीताल में है।राज्य सरकार ने हाल ही में हस्तशिल्प और हथकरघा उद्योगों को बढ़ावा देने के लिये कुछ पहल की हैं। साथ ही बढ़ते पर्यटन व्यापार तथा उच्च तकनीकी वाले उद्योगों को प्रोत्साहन देने के लिए आकर्षक कर योजनायें प्रस्तुत की हैं। राज्य में कुछ विवादास्पद किन्तु वृहत बाँध परियोजनाएँ भी हैं जिनकी पूरे देश में कई बार आलोचनाएँ भी की जाती रही हैं, जिनमें विशेष है भागीरथी-भीलांगना नदियों पर बनने वाली टिहरी बाँध परियोजना। इस परियोजना की कल्पना १९५३ मे की गई थी और यह अन्ततः २००७ में बनकर तैयार हुआ। उत्तराखण्ड, चिपको आन्दोलन के जन्मस्थान के नाम से भी जाना जाता है।फुरसती, साहसिक और धार्मिक पर्यटन उत्तराखण्ड की अर्थव्यस्था में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं, जैसे जिम कॉर्बेट राष्ट्रीय उद्यान और बाघ संरक्षण-क्षेत्र और नैनीताल, अल्मोड़ा, कसौनी, भीमताल, रानीखेत और मसूरी जैसे निकट के पहाड़ी पर्यटन स्थल जो भारत के सर्वाधिक पधारे जाने वाले पर्यटन स्थलों में हैं। पर्वतारोहियों के लिए राज्य में कई चोटियाँ हैं, जिनमें से नंदा देवी, सबसे ऊँची चोटी है और १९८२ से अबाध्य है। अन्य राष्टीय आश्चर्य हैं फूलों की घाटी, जो नंदा देवी के साथ मिलकर यूनेस्को विश्व धरोहर स्थल है।उत्तराखण्ड में, जिसे “देवभूमि” भी कहा जाता है, हिन्दू धर्म के कुछ सबसे पवित्र तीर्थस्थान है और हज़ार वर्षों से भी अधिक समय से तीर्थयात्री मोक्ष और पाप शुद्धिकरण की खोज में यहाँ आ रहे हैं। गंगोत्री और यमुनोत्री, को क्रमशः गंगा और यमुना नदियों के उदग्म स्थल हैं, केदारनाथ (भगवान शिव को समर्पित) और बद्रीनाथ (भगवान विष्णु को समर्पित) के साथ मिलकर उत्तराखण्ड के छोटा चार धाम बनाते हैं, जो हिन्दू धर्म के पवित्रतम परिपथ में से एक है। हरिद्वार के निकट स्थित ऋषिकेश भारत में योग क एक प्रमुख स्थल है और जो हरिद्वार के साथ मिलकर एक पवित्र हिन्दू तीर्थ स्थल है।हरिद्वार में संध्या आरती के समय हर की पौड़ी का एक दृश्य।हरिद्वार में प्रति बारह वर्षों में कुम्भ मेले का आयोजन किया जाता है जिसमें देश-विदेश से आए करोड़ो श्रद्धालू भाग लेते हैं। राज्य में मंदिरों और तीर्थस्थानों की बहुतायत है, जो स्थानीय देवताओं या शिवजी या दुर्गाजी के अवतारों को समर्पित हैं और जिनका सन्दर्भ हिन्दू धर्मग्रन्थों और गाथाओं में मिलता है। इन मन्दिरों का वास्तुशिल्प स्थानीय प्रतीकात्मक है और शेष भारत से थोड़ा भिन्न है। जागेश्वर में स्थित प्राचीन मन्दिर (देवदार वृक्षों से घिरा हुआ १२४ मन्दिरों का प्राणंग) एतिहासिक रूप से अपनी वास्तुशिल्प विशिष्टता के कारण सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण हैं। तथापि, उत्तराखण्ड केवल हिन्दुओं के लिए ही तीर्थाटन स्थल नहीं है। हिमालय की गोद में स्थित हेमकुण्ड साहिब, सिखों का तीर्थ स्थल है। मिंद्रोलिंग मठ और उसके बौद्ध स्तूप से यहाँ तिब्बती बौद्ध धर्म की भी उपस्थिति है।पर्यटन स्थलउत्तराखण्ड में बहुत से पर्यटन स्थल है जहाँ पर भारत ही नहीं बल्कि पूरी दुनिया से पर्यटक आते हैं, जैसे नैनीताल और मसूरी। राज्य के प्रमुख पर्यटन स्थल हैं:केदारनाथ नैनीताल गंगोत्री यमुनोत्री बद्रीनाथ अल्मोड़ा ऋषिकेश हेमकुण्ड साहिब नानकमत्ताफूलों की घाटी मसूरी देहरादून हरिद्वारऔलीचक राता रानीखेत बागेश्वर भीमताल कौसानीलैंसडाउनरहन-सहनउत्तराखण्ड एक पहाड़ी प्रदेश है। यहाँ ठण्ड बहुत होती है इसलिए यहाँ लोगों के मकान पक्के होते हैं। दीवारें पत्थरों की होती है। पुराने घरों के ऊपर से पत्थर बिछाए जाते हैं। वर्तमान में लोग सीमेण्ट का उपयोग करने लग गए है। अधिकतर घरों में रात को रोटी तथा दिन में भात (चावल) खाने का प्रचलन है। लगभग हर महीने कोई न कोई त्योहार मनाया जाता है। त्योहार के बहाने अधिकतर घरों में समय-समय पर पकवान बनते हैं। स्थानीय स्तर पर उगाई जाने वाली गहत, रैंस, भट्ट आदि दालों का प्रयोग होता है। प्राचीन समय में मण्डुवा व झुंगोरा स्थानीय मोटा अनाज होता था। अब इनका उत्पादन बहुत कम होता है। अब लोग बाजार से गेहूं व चावल खरीदते हैं। कृषि के साथ पशुपालन लगभग सभी घरों में होता है। घर में उत्पादित अनाज कुछ ही महीनों के लिए पर्याप्त होता है। कस्बों के समीप के लोग दूध का व्यवसाय भी करते हैं। पहाड़ के लोग बहुत परिश्रमी होते है। पहाड़ों को काट-काटकर सीढ़ीदार खेत बनाने का काम इनके परिश्रम को प्रदर्शित भी करता है। पहाड़ में अधिकतर श्रमिक भी पढ़े-लिखे है, चाहे कम ही पढ़े हों। इस कारण इस राज्य की साक्षरता दर भी राष्ट्रीय औसत से कहीं अधिक है।त्यौहारशेष भारत के समान ही उत्तराखण्ड में पूरे वर्षभर उत्सव मनाए जाते हैं। भारत के प्रमुख उत्सवों जैसे दीपावली, होली, दशहरा इत्यादि के अतिरिक्त यहाँ के कुछ स्थानीय त्योहार हैं।देवीधुरा मेला (देवीधुरा, चम्पावत)पूर्णागिरी मेला (टनकपुर, चम्पावत)नन्दा देवी मेला (अल्मोड़ा)गौचर मेला (गौचर, चमोली)वैशाखी (उत्तरकाशी)माघ मेला (उत्तरकाशी)उत्तरायणी मेला (बागेश्वर)विशु मेला (जौनसार बावर)हरेला (कुमाऊँ)गंगा दशहरानन्दा देवी राजजात यात्रा जो हर बारहवें वर्ष होती हैखानपानइन्हें भी देखें: पहाड़ी खाना एवं भारतीय खानाउत्तराखण्डी खानपान का अर्थ राज्य के दोनों मण्डलों, कुमाऊँ और गढ़वाल, के खानपान से है। पारम्परिक उत्तराखण्डी खानपान बहुत पौष्टिक और बनाने में सरल होता है। प्रयुक्त होने वाली सामग्री सुगमता से किसी भी स्थानीय भारतीय किराना दुकान में मिल जाती है।यहाँ के कुछ विशिष्ट खानपान हैआलू टमाटर का झोलचैंसूझोईकापिलूमंण्डुए की रोटीपीनालू की सब्जीबथुए का पराँठाबाल मिठाईसिसौंण का सागगौहोत की दालवेशभूषापारम्परिक रूप से उत्तराखण्ड की महिलायें घाघरा तथा आँगड़ी, तथा पुरूष चूड़ीदार पजामा व कुर्ता पहनते थे। अब इनका स्थान पेटीकोट, ब्लाउज व साड़ी ने ले लिया है। जाड़ों (सर्दियों) में ऊनी कपड़ों का उपयोग होता है। विवाह आदि शुभ कार्यो के अवसर पर कई क्षेत्रों में अभी भी सनील का घाघरा पहनने की परम्परा है। गले में गलोबन्द, चर्यो, जै माला, नाक में नथ, कानों में कर्णफूल, कुण्डल पहनने की परम्परा है। सिर में शीषफूल, हाथों में सोने या चाँदी के पौंजी तथा पैरों में बिछुए, पायजेब, पौंटा पहने जाते हैं। घर परिवार के समारोहों में ही आभूषण पहनने की परम्परा है। विवाहित औरत की पहचान गले में चरेऊ पहनने से होती है। विवाह इत्यादि शुभ अवसरों पर पिछौड़ा पहनने का भी यहाँ चलन आम है।लोक कलाएँलोक कला की दृष्टि से उत्तराखण्ड बहुत समृद्ध है। घर की सजावट में ही लोक कला सबसे पहले देखने को मिलती है। दशहरा, दीपावली, नामकरण, जनेऊ आदि शुभ अवसरों पर महिलाएँ घर में ऐंपण (अल्पना) बनाती है। इसके लिए घर, ऑंगन या सीढ़ियों को गेरू से लीपा जाता है। चावल को भिगोकर उसे पीसा जाता है। उसके लेप से आकर्षक चित्र बनाए जाते हैं। विभिन्न अवसरों पर नामकरण चौकी, सूर्य चौकी, स्नान चौकी, जन्मदिन चौकी, यज्ञोपवीत चौकी, विवाह चौकी, धूमिलअर्ध्य चौकी, वर चौकी, आचार्य चौकी, अष्टदल कमल, स्वास्तिक पीठ, विष्णु पीठ, शिव पीठ, शिव शक्ति पीठ, सरस्वती पीठ आदि परम्परागत रूप से गाँव की महिलाएँ स्वयं बनाती है। इनका कहीं प्रशिक्षण नहीं दिया जाता है। हरेले आदि पर्वों पर मिट्टी के डिकारे बनाए जाते है। ये डिकारे भगवान के प्रतीक माने जाते है। इनकी पूजा की जाती है। कुछ लोग मिट्टी की अच्छी-अच्छी मूर्तियाँ (डिकारे) बना लेते हैं। यहाँ के घरों को बनाते समय भी लोक कला प्रदर्षित होती है। पुराने समय के घरों के दरवाजों व खिड़कियों को लकड़ी की सजावट के साथ बनाया जाता रहा है। दरवाजों के चौखट पर देवी-देवताओं, हाथी, शेर, मोर आदि के चित्र नक्काशी करके बनाए जाते है। पुराने समय के बने घरों की छत पर चिड़ियों के घोंसलें बनाने के लिए भी स्थान छोड़ा जाता था। नक्काशी व चित्रकारी पारम्परिक रूप से आज भी होती है। इसमें समय काफी लगता है। वैश्वीकरण के दौर में आधुनिकता ने पुरानी कला को अलविदा कहना प्रारम्भ कर दिया। अल्मोड़ा सहित कई स्थानों में आज भी काष्ठ कला देखने को मिलती है। उत्तराखण्ड के प्राचीन मन्दिरों, नौलों में पत्थरों को तराश कर (काटकर) विभिन्न देवी-देवताओं के चित्र बनाए गए है। प्राचीन गुफाओं तथा उड्यारों में भी शैल चित्र देखने को मिलते हैं।उत्तराखण्ड की लोक धुनें भी अन्य प्रदेशों से भिन्न है। यहाँ के बाद्य यन्त्रों में नगाड़ा, ढोल, दमुआ, रणसिंग, भेरी, हुड़का, बीन, डौंरा, कुरूली, अलगाजा प्रमुख है। ढोल-दमुआ तथा बीन बाजा विशिष्ट वाद्ययन्त्र हैं जिनका प्रयोग आमतौर पर हर आयोजन में किया जाता है। यहाँ के लोक गीतों में न्योली, जोड़, झोड़ा, छपेली, बैर व फाग प्रमुख होते हैं। इन गीतों की रचना आम जनता द्वारा की जाती है। इसलिए इनका कोई एक लेखक नहीं होता है। यहां प्रचलित लोक कथाएँ भी स्थानीय परिवेश पर आधारित है। लोक कथाओं में लोक विश्वासों का चित्रण, लोक जीवन के दुःख दर्द का समावेश होता है। भारतीय साहित्य में लोक साहित्य सर्वमान्य है। लोक साहित्य मौखिक साहित्य होता है। इस प्रकार का मौखिक साहित्य उत्तराखण्ड में लोक गाथा के रूप में काफी है। प्राचीन समय में मनोरंजन के साधन नहीं थे। लोकगायक रात भर ग्रामवासियों को लोक गाथाएं सुनाते थे। इसमें मालसाई, रमैल, जागर आदि प्रचलित है। अभी गाँवों में रात्रि में लगने वाले जागर में लोक गाथाएं सुनने को मिलती है। यहां के लोक साहित्य में लोकोक्तियाँ, मुहावरे तथा पहेलियाँ (आंण) आज भी प्रचलन में है। उत्तराखण्ड का छोलिया नृत्य काफी प्रसिद्ध है। इस नृत्य में नृतक लबी-लम्बी तलवारें व गेण्डे की खाल से बनी ढाल लिए युद्ध करते है। यह युद्ध नगाड़े की चोट व रणसिंह के साथ होता है। इससे लगता है यह राजाओं के ऐतिहासिक युद्ध का प्रतीक है। कुछ क्षेत्रों में छोलिया नृत्य ढोल के साथ शृंगारिक रूप से होता है। छोलिया नृत्य में पुरूष भागीदारी होती है। कुमाऊँ तथा गढ़वाल में झुमैला तथा झोड़ा नृत्य होता है। झौड़ा नृत्य में महिलाएँ व पुरूष बहुत बड़े समूह में गोल घेरे में हाथ पकड़कर गाते हुए नृत्य करते है। विभिन्न अंचलों में झोड़ें में लय व ताल में अन्तर देखने को मिलता है। नृत्यों में सर्प नृत्य, पाण्डव नृत्य, जौनसारी, चाँचरी भी प्रमुख है।उत्तराखंड एक् विविधता का दर्शन देता हैं|उत्तराखंड साहि मैं भारत की सही अनुभुती हैं|
The concept of the Cold War, born in 1945 after the end of the Second World War, is a fact of international relations that exposes the mutual relations between the US and the Soviet Union. This is a new chapter in post-World War II international relations. It can also be named a new international political development.
The new chapter of friendship between the US and the Soviet Union began during the Second World War, which ended after the war, the mutual differences and feeling of disharmony between the two superpowers grew deeper and the two tried to humiliate each other. Started doing This effort led to a conflict situation rather than cooperation in the diplomatic, cultural, political and social fields in both countries. On the international stage, the two powers went on to accuse each other. In an attempt to prove their supremacy in the international world, both the superpowers started looking for new ways to bring most of the states of the world to their side. This created an atmosphere of unrest all over the world and eventually, the world was divided into two powerful factions – the capitalist bloc and the communist bloc, in which the first led the US and the second led the Soviet Union.
Meaning of cold war
As is clear from its name, it is not a war of arms and weapons but a war confined to threats. There was no real war in this war. It was limited to indirect war only. In this war, both the great powers were dominant in their ideological differences. It was a type of diplomatic war that was based on the efforts of the superpowers in narrow selfishness.
The Cold War was a type of speech war that was used in paper rounds, paper-magazines. Even radio and publicity tools were fought. In this war neither any bullet was fired nor anyone was injured. In this, both the superpowers fought indirect wars in most parts of the world to maintain their suzerainty. All measures to prevent the war from turning into an armistice were also used, it was only a war by diplomatic means in which the two superpowers continued to resort to all measures to degrade each other. The purpose of this war was to strengthen its position by involving the Allies in their respective factions so that in future each could easily cut off the moves of their opposing factions. This war was the final culmination of the mistrust and doubt that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II.
Jawaharlal Nehru defined the Cold War as saying that “this war was a war of suspended capital punishment atmosphere that was more terrible than a heated war.”
Thus it can be said that the Cold War was a speech war between two superpowers based on diplomatic measures. It was a direct expression of the tension created between the two superpowers after World War II. This was more terrible than the actual war, being an ideological war.
Origin of the Cold War
The symptoms of the Cold War started appearing during World War II itself. Both the superpowers were fighting the war keeping in mind their narrow interests and showing the spirit of mutual cooperation. The spirit of cooperation that was visible during the war was beginning to end after the war and the symptoms of the Cold War had begun to emerge, with the two factions becoming stronger complaining of each other. There were some strong grounds for these complaints. These mutual differences were the main causes of the Cold War.
The main reasons for the origin of the Cold War are-
The Soviet Union not following the Yalta Agreement.
The Soviet Union and America’s ideological differences.
Soviet Union’s emergence as a powerful nation.
Soviet Intervention in Iran.
Soviet intervention in Turkey.
Communist spread in Greece.
Second Front Dispute.
Appeasement policy.
The Soviet Union ignores Balkan Agreement.
America’s nuclear program.
Conflicting publicity.
Termination of land-lease agreement.
American support to fascist forces.
Berlin controversy.
Repeated use of veto power by the Soviet Union.
Narrow national interest based on narrow nationalism.