25 June |India’s Black day

On 25 june , 1975 Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a National Emergency , which is the blackest day in India’s Democracy.

There are total three type of Emergency provision in India’s Constitution National Emergency, President rule , Financial Emergency .All these Emergency cannot be declared without the approvement of President and that time President was Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed who approved the National Emergency declaration at mignight on 25 , June.

It was the third time when the National Emergency was a declareded within in the country.In 1962 the National Emergency was declared for the first time during the India-China war and the 2nd Emergency was declared in 1971 during Indo-Pak war.

This emergency was mainly imposed due to four reasons Navnirman Andolan in Gujarat .This movement in 1974 was lead by student and middle class against economic crisis(Hipe in food rates and fees) and Coruption. It all started by the protest by student .In December 1973 Amhedabad protest was lead by students of L.D. College of Engineering against a hike in fees .This was the first and only agitation which led to victory dissolving the state government.

After the successful movement in gujarat there were many movement led in other parts of country and Bihar movement is one of them intiated by students and led by Jayaprakash Narayan, the socialist who fought against misrule and corruption due to which the problems of indira gandhi started increasing .

The third reason behind the emergency was the Railway Strike by the workers of Railways in 1974.And the major and last i.e. forth reason was the Raj Narayan Verdict .

Indira Gandhi elected election from Rae Bareilly  against Raj Narayan in 1971 .After losing election Raj Narayan filed a case in Allahbad High Court against Indira Gandhi to use malpractices like bribing voters with liquor and using misusing goverment machinery ,ultimately using her power in the wrong way.On 12 , june 1975 verdict was declared that she was found guilty and was barred for election for six years and high court declared the verdict that she have to leave the prime minister post .She was losing control and in order to be in power she filed a petion in supreme court ruling the high court decision.

On 24 june , 1975 Supreme Court judge, Justice VR Krishna Iyer ruled the vedict partially and she was allowed to remain prime minister but cannot vote as a MP until the final verdict .She was not happy by the decision .

On next day , 25 june 1975 she imposed National emergency at midnight.All prominent leaders Jayaprakash Narayan, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, LK Advani, Morarji Desai were arrested. 

In order to save her legacy she imosed Emergency .After this outbreak press censorship was imposed i.e.freedom of press were totally carry off .Fundamental rights were demolished and many restriction was imposed and whosoever ,stand against the decision were sent into jail.

After many protest against her and when International Media started portraying her image as a dictator , After 21 months i.e. On 21,March 1977 she finally dispose of the Emergency .

According to experts , if there was no Raj Narayan nor the Energency would declared.it is no denial, 25 June was the darkest day in the Indian History since Independence .

Music

Many people like to listen and sing music at various festivals and events. Some people listen to music every time like: in office, at home, on the way, etc. It helps to keep away from all the problems of life and also gives solutions to the problems. Nowadays, at the time of working in offices in big companies, there is a trend of singing in a low voice to make their brain refreshing, peaceful, focused, positive thoughts as well as to increase the efficiency of the employees.
Music is very powerful and delivers a positive message to all emotional problems and does not ask anyone for anything. It is a kind of melodious music. Though tells us everything and shares more problems than humans. The nature of music is to encourage and promote, which removes all negative thoughts and increases the power of human concentration. Music is something that helps to remember all the good memories we had with our most loved person. It has no boundaries, constraints and rules directory; It only needs to be heard with dedication and devotion.

Whenever we listen to music, it brings great feeling in the heart and brain, which connects us with our soul. This connection is the all-powerful power of God. Someone has rightly said about music; “Music has no limits, it is beyond all limits.” And “Music is rooted in life and life is music.”
Music has a lot of power, it makes a place in the minds of people in many ways. Where it can make work it can also spoil it. Music has a profound effect on everyone’s life, from humans to trees, plants, animals etc. Scientist has proved that the treatment of diseases can be done well through music. Its use has been very successful in the treatment of eye disease and heart disease. Digestion related diseases are also used to treat music.
As a man gets lost in the melody of music, his attention gets away from everything and he starts feeling relaxed.
Music is like yoga. It makes us happy and also maintains hormonal balance in our body. Along with this, it also works to give relief to body and brain. Due to which it helps us to keep our body healthy both physically and mentally. It also works to protect us from obesity and mental problems.

I love music very much and I love listening to music every morning. Music is also very important for our heart and it also helps us in getting a good sleep.

Stop for death? Nah!

Because I could not stop for Death –
He kindly stopped for me –
The Carriage held but just Ourselves –
And Immortality.

The eternal date, the gentlemen with unmatched conduct! The speaker could barely spare any time for Death so death took pity on her and kindly stopped to greet and tag her along with him. The speaker climbed in Death’s carriage, which held just the two of them and Eternal Life.

We slowly drove – He knew no haste
And I had put away
My labor and my leisure too,
For His Civility –

They drove the carriage quite slow and  Death seemed to be in no hurry. Seeing Death’s courteous behaviour she put away all her work and pleasures. She wanted to appear respectful and devote time to him for his sensible conduct.

We passed the School, where Children strove
At Recess – in the Ring –
We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain –
We passed the Setting Sun –

They crossed a school, where children played during their break time, huddled in a circle. Then they passed fields of crops and the sun as it was setting.

Or rather – He passed Us –
The Dews drew quivering and Chill –
For only Gossamer, my Gown –
My Tippet – only Tulle –

The speaker then corrects herself by saying it was quite possible that instead of them passing the Sun, the Sun had probably passed them indicative of their lack of awareness. The night came and the dew formed. The speaker was feeling cold because she was wearing clothes not suited for the night. The night drawing, the sun setting, the cold enveloping her with Death for her company paints a sombre fatalistic picture of things to come.

We paused before a House that seemed
A Swelling of the Ground –
The Roof was scarcely visible –
The Cornice – in the Ground –

They stopped before a house which was partly buried in the ground. The speaker could barely see the roof and the ceiling seemed to be in the ground.

Since then – ’tis Centuries – and yet
Feels shorter than the Day
I first surmised the Horses’ Heads
Were toward Eternity –

The speaker then proceeds to state that since that day, centuries have passed yet it feels that the entire duration has been less than a day for her when compared to the day she understood that the carriage was headed towards a never-ending eternity.

The poem brilliantly explores the inevitability of death yet Emily Dickinson paints a hue of positivity with the vivid imagery that doesn’t fail to delight. The beauty of the poem lies in the ambiguity surrounding her existence. It is not clear to the reader as to whether the speaker is already dead or is headed towards death and the carriage journey is one last melody that she gets to enjoy. The comfort in death, the gateway from suffering has been subtly portrayed by Dickinson where Death has been portrayed as a considerate gentleman. The poem so soothing in appearance deceitfully hides its grim undertones.

Is media oversueing its freedom?

No matter how much people love to read the newspapers early mornings, with lukewarm tea, there’s always a keenness among the personages to get updated information, at every point of time. And they look up towards the digital media to get all the world’s knowledge. Apart from the media platforms that have come today, that, somewhere, are more unbiased and neutral, people still appeal towards the news channels that are being telecasted on the television due to less popularity of those on social media platforms and that can only be accessed through internet and digital media.

In such an era, as this, news channels have become the best medium to convey the news of every minute, even seconds. They are always try to find interesting ways to give the best to the audiences through debates, showcasing interesting news, and speaking up equivocally. Today most of them have all the world’s freedom to speak up and provide every pros and cons of any happening around the world, and they actually does. But, unfortunately, they have surpassed all the limits of freedom and autarky, and those end up showing the news and the information that is in favour of their sponsors and government whom so ever they have sold themselves to. Always wondering the reason behind such doings? Found out, it is actually for the sake of popularity, as well as to “be the good guy of the room” whether we believe it or not, in some way or the other, they show us, at last, what they really want us to believe and perceive.

Either they telecast such news that is all hot and debated amongst political parties, or nothing at all. The use of language in their headlines, is also something that is to be worried on, beyond imagination, too pathetic and so to say, low quality to handle. And it is because of such stuff, people come under believing in those news that are even not that tension worthy, leaving behind the happenings that are to be focused on. Again, if we talk about how they have created a mess among the people, who are no one, but believes what is being shown to them, sometimes they come up with such facts and datas that are nowhere in the history, nobody has ever mentioned that.

For instance, the recent incident of Chinese troops’ standoff on the Indian borders, is telecasted on and off the television again and again, claiming that the Chinese Army has been terrified by the revert back of the Indian Army. And they are proudly claiming and rejoicing that all the way in their news, which is a really worth appreciating. But, the picture behind the scenes isn’t made clear to the public yet; it is the Chinese cyber attacks that is also a big and a disaster for Indian IT sectors, that is unluckily not been promoted to show up on the television screens of millions of Indians, leaving them untouched from the reality.

Although,media did, does, and is doing such an appreciable work all the time, every single minute, faster it is than the print media and has given all the freedom to provide information, quality information to its viewers. But, certainly, their quality, the news that they display over the television screens have got limited with time and space;certainly due to enormous pressure of their sponsors. Which is why, “news channels must start wearing sponser jackets, like Nascar drivers, then we know who owns them.

JOKER

She needs, He needs, Family needs,

All their needs stood at the back stabbed together,

Where his eyes were too deep

To cry? To smile? To frustrate to shout

But he has the heart of the joker

His madness came as a flawed words, to his quivering funny lips ,

He showed of his best, the rest is roar

One on stage and other off stage

Two entities laughed at each other,

Knowing themselves deep inside of their needs,

while the show reached its peak

the dying joker was in everyone!

“Problems Of Rural Labour, Bondage And Migration”

Rural labour are the workers in villages or rural parts of the country, remote part of the country who does not have any source of income other than selling their labours to earn money or piece of bread. they do not possess land or capital and do not have any kind of control over land and capital. They are solely dependent on daily wages which they gross through working physically engaging full day in the tough physical work. they works in agricultural or non-agriculture occupations in return for wages in cash or kind.

Rural Labour suffers with lot of miseries and have huge number of problems:

Security of tenure: There is a huge trouble faced by rural labour when there is come a question related to security of their tenures.

Wages: concern of wages as what they receive in their hands at the end of the day is much more less then what they put through out the day. Incomes of this workforce is significantly low, and within this there is discrimination and equal remuneration problem which comes forward as women are paid significantly low in comparison to man. there is a huge pay gap which Indian rural workforce witnesses. Women of rural parts of the India performs significantly more including working for wages and completing all household chores.

Bonded Labours: Labour which remain in bondage for specific period for debt incurred are called bonded Laboures. They mostly discharge their lives completing all the duties asked to perform by debt giver. These form of labour spent their lives in terms of bondage. There are several factors which contribute to bondage, national commission on rural labour spelled out factors responsible for it 1) Economic Factors 2) Social factors 3) Religious factors 4) etc.

Economic Factors : Economic factor is an emblematic factor responsible for emergence of bondage labour like Extreme poverty, inability of people to find the work, Inadequate annexation of land and capital by superior families. Natural Calamities like draught , flood etc. which creates a lot of economic instability for the poor people contributes to bondage labour emergence. Inflation and rising price of basic commodities which are consumed on daily basis.

Social Factors : In india social ceremonies are burden for an economical unstable household or for those who are dependent on daily wages. people or a particular class who are dependent on daily wages it is very hard for them to married their children because of economic instability as marriage ceremony carried a lot of expenses with it so these social ceremonies creates a lot of debts on these domain of people and this lead them to engage in bondage labour. apart from this factors such as caste based discrimination, lack of concrete social welfare scheme, unequal education system etc.

Religious factors: dividation of Varna system in vedic period, it is considered that religious authorities supresses them and enforced them to serve people of high caste. Religious factors are also responsible for bondage labour class emergence. etc.

Hence in the hope of better opportunities better wages and security people of this migrate with hopes and aspirations of better work better payment. and this brings migration people leaves rural parts , remote parts where they undergone serious exploitation by superiors and head their journeys for a better ‘TOMMOROW’ which never comes ! how long it will happen people will exploited according to their caste class and culture? how long it will take to end bondage labour ? Are we get so faltered that we can not answer these questions. if there is an answer for it what it will be !

Traditional water conservation techniques of India

Traditional water wisdom and systems of RajasthanNews Cusp | News Cusp
A jhalara in Rajasthan

1. Jhalaras

Jhalaras are typically rectangular-shaped stepwells that have tiered steps on three or four sides. These stepwells collect the subterranean seepage of an upstream reservoir or a lake. Jhalaras were built to ensure easy and regular supply of water for religious rites, royal ceremonies and community use. The city of Jodhpur has eight jhalaras, the oldest being the Mahamandir Jhalara that dates back to 1660 AD.

2. Talab /Bandhi

Talabs are reservoirs that store water for household consumption and drinking purposes. They may be natural, such as the pokhariyan ponds at Tikamgarh in the Bundelkhand region or man made, such as the lakes of Udaipur. A reservoir with an area less than five bighas is called a talai, a medium sized lake is called a bandhi and bigger lakes are called sagar or samand.

3. Bawari

Bawari | Hindi Water | Flickr

Bawaris are unique stepwells that were once a part of the ancient networks of water storage in the cities of Rajasthan. The little rain that the region received would be diverted to man-made tanks through canals built on the hilly outskirts of cities. The water would then percolate into the ground, raising the water table and recharging a deep and  intricate network of aquifers. To minimise water loss through evaporation, a series of layered steps were built around the reservoirs to narrow and deepen the wells.

4. Taanka

Taanka is a traditional rainwater harvesting technique indigenous to the Thar desert region of Rajasthan. A Taanka is a cylindrical paved underground pit into which rainwater from rooftops, courtyards or artificially prepared catchments flows. Once completely filled, the water stored in a taanka can last throughout the dry season and is sufficient for a family of 5-6 members. An important element of water security in these arid regions, taankas can save families from the everyday drudgery of fetching water from distant sources.

5. Ahar Pynes

Ahar Pynes are traditional floodwater harvesting systems indigenous to South Bihar. Ahars are reservoirs with embankments on three sides that are built at the end of diversion channels like pynes. Pynes are artificial rivulets led off from rivers to collect water in the ahars for irrigation in the dry months.  Paddy cultivation in this relatively low rainfall area depends mostly on ahar pynes.

6. Johads

Water Johads: A Low-Tech Alternative to Mega-Dams in India

Johads, one of the oldest systems used to conserve and recharge ground water, are small earthen check dams that capture and store rainwater. Constructed in an area with naturally high elevation on three sides, a storage pit is made by excavating the area, and excavated soil is used to create a wall on the fourth side. Sometimes, several johads are interconnected through deep channels, with a single outlet opening into a river or stream nearby. This prevents structural damage to the water pits that are also called madakas in Karnataka and pemghara in Odisha.

7. Panam Keni

The Kuruma tribe (a native tribe of Wayanad) uses a special type of well, called the panam keni, to store water. Wooden cylinders are made by soaking the stems of toddy palms in water for a long time so that the core rots away until only the hard outer layer remains. These cylinders, four feet in diameter as well as depth, are then immersed in groundwater springs located in fields and forests. This is the secret behind how these wells have abundant water even in the hottest summer months.

8. Bamboo Drip Irrigation

Bamboo Drip Irrigation

Bamboo Drip irrigation System is an ingenious system of efficient water management that has been practised for over two centuries in northeast India. The tribal farmers of the region have developed a system for irrigation in which water from perennial springs is diverted to the terrace fields using varying sizes and shapes of bamboo pipes. Best suited for crops requiring less water, the system ensures that small drops of water are delivered directly to the roots of the plants. This ancient system is used by the farmers of Khasi and Jaintia hills to drip-irrigate their black pepper cultivation.

9. Eri

The Eri (tank) system of Tamil Nadu is one of the oldest water management systems in India. Still widely used in the state, eris act as flood-control systems, prevent soil erosion and wastage of runoff during periods of heavy rainfall, and also recharge the groundwater. Eris can either be a system eri, which is fed by channels that divert river water, or a non-system eri, that is fed solely by rain. The tanks are interconnected in order to enable access to the farthest village and to balance the water level in case of excess supply. The eri system enables the complete use of  river water for irrigation and without them, paddy cultivation would have been impossible in Tamil Nadu.

Pat System

The Pat system, in which the peculiarities of the terrain are used to divert water from hill streams into irrigation channels, was developed in the Bhitada village in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh. Diversion bunds are made across a stream near the village by piling up stones and then lining them with teak leaves and mud to make them leak-proof. The Pat channel then passes through deep ditches and stone aqueducts that are skilfully cut info stone cliffs to create an irrigation system that the villagers use in turn.

ME:- A MASTER PROCASTINATOR

Some years ago, from a small town in Shimla, I came as an empty scrapbook yet to be filled by the mesmerizing experience I had now. Who would have known that a boy like me will grow as an introvert? Stepping away from the fun-loving lifestyle of many youngsters, I was usually found chilling inside the confinements of my small room not because I was afraid of what this world might have to offer me but because I was happy with what I had. Studying for my bachelor degree was never been so much of a priority as I was just breezing through my syllabus. Dropping all my concerns, the one I was left with was how am I going to settle in this alien environment.
Those years have passed and it all seems like I managed everything quite well. The one thing that still troubles me is my habit of procrastination. Being a procrastinator, this article wasnot very easy to write as I am thinking of doing it tomorrow. But wait! Will it be fine? Is it the right time to start writing this? Should I do this now or leave it? Or I should better study for something else?
These were the questions running inside my mind. Pushing my boundaries and being proactive, burning some fuel to produce some work, will I be able to jump in time and catch the train that will take me to some reasonable solutions? Suddenly I realised that I have passed around an hour thinking all this, weaving the patterns and making the master plan.
We all waste our time doing the wrong stuff and taking wrong decisions every time. But is this because of our habit of delaying things or just because we do things before it is meant to be?
I think there is no right time to do something. It is always better to start now than never. You don’t realise that your time is worth a million diamonds, once gone can’t be recalled. But it is easier said than done. The time wastage is inversely proportional to my interest. Higher the interest lower will be the wastage of time and vice-versa. So that means, I found the key to the wonderful treasure of my mind. But wait a minute, I can’t be interested in everything.
There is a very big grey area in liking things and pretending to like things. It’s not just my story. Most of us feel stupid for admitting this.
The solution is just as unclear as problems but here are some little things which can be done:
1. Stay Happy.2. Don’t Overthink.
3. Divide big tasks into smaller ones to fool your brain.4. Reward yourself, give yourself a little bribe.5. Create a mental to-do list if you are too ashamed of making a real one.6. If you get tired easily or want a break then just work for 20 mins and give yourself a 10 min break and repeat. You may feel like wasting your time but trust me your 20 mins will become 60-90 day by day.Nobody’s perfect. Everyone makes mistakes. But some mistakes will teach you great lessonsand make you a better person.

“Just get out and run; running is good for you.”

If you ask me, what I do for a fit and healthy body. Then I would say, I go for running on alternate days, do yoga and eat a balanced diet. Running makes me feel lively and happy. It brings a change in my mood and makes me feel energetic.

We have been hearing about the benefits of running as a great form of exercise. Running is not only good for athletes but it is also good for us, as it offers innumerable benefits both mentally and physically.

● Running helps you to lose your weight. If you run for some time daily you can burn your calories efficiently, as it involves the movement of the entire body. It also enhances your metabolism. But along with running, you also need to look after your diet, if are serious about losing your weight.

● Running is good for your heart. It reduces the risk of many heart-related diseases. It improves your blood flow to heart, reduces blood pressure and the amount of bad cholesterol in your blood.

● Running is an effective way to get stronger bones. It improves the density of the bones of your spine, legs and pelvis and strengthens your muscles as well. Healthy and strong bones help to reduce the possibility of osteoporosis.

● Running is a very cheap and more convenient form of exercise. You neither need to buy any equipment for it nor do you need to find a special place to run. You can go out for running at any place wherever and whoever you want and that too for free!

● You feel more energized and pumped up due to running. Running stimulates the release of the hormones endorphins and dopamine in the body. These hormones are known to reduce your stress and make you feel happy. Since running involves the movement of leg and core muscles, it improves your balance and firmness. It also boosts your stamina and speed.

● Running helps to relieve stress. It helps to uplift your mood. You will see the changes in your thought process once you finish running. You think more clearly and are able to make better life decisions. You are able to eliminate the negativity around you due to running and become cheerful.

● Running boosts your confidence as you feel fit and healthy. You can see positive changes in your body and skin and also on your physiological health. You feel like a better and stronger person.

Along with being beneficial for the good health of your heart, running also helps to protect you from fever, allergies, decrease the possibility of diabetes and helps to fight depression and stress. It improves your immune system and the health of your brain as well. 

It is that form of exercise which doesn’t require many skills. It gives you fun and makes you joyful from within. Once, you get used to it, you will never stop loving it. So, to remain fit and healthy, just wear some comfortable clothes and get a pair of running shoes and start running along with your friends or alone. Either way, you will become happy and hearty.

Brand

A brand is a name, term, symbol, design or any other feature that makes different your goods or services from other sellers. It is used for marketing, for advertising and for business recognition so that they can create their brand equity for an object, for the customers, shareholders and owners. Generally brands are distinguished with the name of the store brands. Most of the people thought that brand is a name of any product which is popular among the people like Nike football or Van Heusen ladies bags, etc. But this not what brand is about. Here the name Nike and Van Heusen is the brand as they not only sell a particular product but they sell a variety of product with using this brand name.

In modern era, it is a concept of expanding your business or marketing and communication techniques which make a company different from their competitors with a goal of making a lasting impression in the customers mind. Also a brand valuation is important. It is a monetary value to your brand which allows marketing investment to be managed properly. This further increase shareholder value. However, it is very important to have customer trust on the brand. This is purely depends on behavior and performance of the brand as well as with their stakeholders. Communiacation plays a vital role in making the trust of the audiences on the brand. For making a good brand it needs to be properly managed and owners should keep the basic points in their mind. It is a huge responsibility of the owner to make their brand aware among the audiences. This needs to be strategized with a proper research.

The key points that make a brand are:

  1. Brand’s Identity- its a visual identity through which customers make an impression in their mind such as logo, design, color, etc.
  2. Personality- this include the characteristics and qualities that make it different from their competitors.
  3. Product Design- designing of your product through which it displays what the product is about. It also includes logo and trademarks.
  4. Brand Communication- communicating with the customers about your product and expanding your brand identity.
  5. Brand Awareness- telling customers about your brand so that more and more customers buy your product.
  6. Brand Loyalty- it is a feeling of buying the same product repeatedly because of an positive image in the customers mind.
  7. Brand Management- it is about managing of your brand properly with an aim to achieve its objectives while using some efficient strategies.

To make your brand identity good then the brand owner has carefully mange their brand to create a good market value. However, making a brand is not an easy task. It needed to be properly looked upon as well as properly researched about the customers and the products they wanted to buy from the market. Also the owner should also have good image identity which differentiate its from rest of the companies. Hence, a brand is made successful when its customers have a positive image in their mind.