Category: Research Paper

The creation of the swiftest fifth-matter

We know the usual three-phase or the state of matter exist around us, namely solid, liquid, and gas. What exactly is it? We can define it as something which exists in this universe, which has some weight of its own and consists of several atoms. When we move to the molecular level, we can see that they bind to each other; hence they’re the building blocks for every material. Let’s discuss them in detail.

Solids in which the particles are close to each other with almost no movement. This structure is visible through a powerful microscope. You know that a solid with its shape doesn’t change unless we apply some external force. Due to its high density, it attains stability. The liquid, which we commonly drink like water have slightly less force of attraction, so it can change its shape when we alter it. Gas is all around us. The atmosphere itself consists of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and other major constituents.

Ripples in the water

Let me introduce to the two unfamiliar matters we rarely know. Plasma found in televisions, and I guess you may already make this guess earlier. This matter is also present in neon signboards, computer chips, and even the inner lining of your favorite chips packet, the shiny metallic layer. Most importantly, it is the most natural state ever found in the entire universe; after all, the stars are also plasma at very high temperatures.

So, now moving on to the fifth matter, the BEC. Originated back in 1924, one of the great scientists, Albert Einstein, along with the Indian physicists, Satyendra Nath Bose in his papers, described the condensate and named after them. This matter was created in 1995 at the University of Colorado using lasers and magnets. They cooled a sample of a metal known as Rubidium, atomic number 35 to almost zero degrees at an instant. Due to the sudden change of temperature, the atoms internally couldn’t move much. Later the kinetic energy lost, and a giant molecule got created.

A shiny beam of light.

In the year 2020, the researchers were able to recreate it with less than a blink of an eye, which is still very slow and maybe much less than you could ever imagine. It just got created in 100 femtoseconds, i.e., only in 10-13 seconds. Even the advanced cameras couldn’t work so fast. The researchers of Finland described the process where they pumped in energy in 50 femtoseconds was visible, but with 300 femtoseconds, it wasn’t noticeable. The condensate generates a very sharp striking band of light, very bright, which may have more uses in the future. Now with further advancement, the matter was even created in the space on the largest space station, ISS, where there is zero-gravity. The research in areas got carried out using Cold Atom Lab, a 70-million-dollar lab with only 0.4 cubic meter space with all necessary items to create the BEC. The lab process of creation was also patented, and they are eager to work more in the field.

The revival of Neanderthal: The Return of our ancestor

We, the homo sapiens, now are the most advanced creature compared to our ancestors after a long evolution history dated back around 15 million years ago. Humans belong to the order primates and class Mammalia with our other members like the well-known apes, gorillas, chimpanzees, macaques, orangutans, etc. which originated from 85 million years ago. You might have seen several illustrations of human evolution, as shown below.

The evolution of a man . Courtesy: Britannica Encyclopedia

If you are familiar with the biology subject, you may know the reason. Charles Darwin, the father of evolution in his book, The Origin of Species, mentions about the series of natural selection, the struggle to exist in the world, survive by making proper tools, variation, and changes in the body like shape, color, etc. As a result of mutation and many more factors like genetic recombination, We know the stages of human evolution right from Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus, Australopithecus, Homo Erectus, Homo Sapiens Neanderthals and finally Homo Sapiens Sapiens. The closest ancestors were Neanderthals. There were others in the timeline like Homo Habilus and many more, but now researches have found a way to revive the brain of a Neanderthal. By this we can know more about, let’s see how.

The Father of Evolution: Charles Darwin

Neanderthals with a big brain and vast muscular body in size compared to Homo Sapiens. Additionally, a large head was its specialty along with powerful jaws, hunters with the tools used by them were advanced when compared to their ancestors. The researchers at Basel, Switzerland, the neuroscientists specifically grew up small replicas or copies of the brain from stem cells along with the DNA of Neanderthals. We, being a modern man, still may share about 1 to 4 percent similarity in the genes compared to them. This theory holds as the genomes of a European family matched with the reference of a 2010 model of Neanderthal genome by Svante Pääbo, a geneticist.

The following finding helped to generate three-dimensional objects of brain tissues in a petridish used in laboratories. Organoids of these miniature-sized brains are commonly used to test the effects of drugs. This information may help us more to know about the previous lifestyle, the diet of a Neanderthal. Our ancestors had a problem of communication, maybe due to the absence of language as we use today effectively. These brains were grown from pluripotent stem cells using five cell lines to produce brain organoids, leading to single-cell RNA sequencing data to learn more about their cell composition in the past.

The miniature brain cells grown from the stem cells.

We still share some common characteristics with our ancestors, like hair and skin color. Neanderthals and Denisovans genomes were found in caves, depicting they lived around 80 to 120 thousand years ago. This researches in the future may help to find the proper treatment for cancer. Just imagine, for a while, the stem cells are a gift from nature. It’s unique, usually seen during the development of a baby child, and it can generate all different cells right from a muscle cell to the most crucial brain cells. They help to recover the damages formed in the tissues also. The science of cell being so small may amaze you, and it does.

For more details, refer to the PDF: https://www.cell.com/stem-cell-reports/pdf/S2213-6711(20)30190-9.pdf

WORLd music day 2020: 21 june

This article consist of power of music and some important quotes by famous personalities on music.

June 21 is celebrated as “World Music Day” every year. It is celebrated to honour amateur and professional musicians all over the world.

World Music Day started in 1982 in France as ‘Fete de la Musique’, a music festival. World Music Day was founded by France’s Minister of Culture, Jack Lang and also Maurice Fleuret ,a French composer, music journalist, radio producer, arts administrator, and festival organiser, in Paris in 1982.

Due to covid-19 pandemic, it is decided to celebrate indoors this year.

Evert year music lovers organize concerts in parks, bus stations, museums, cafes and other public places and it’s a common sight on that day to see even people in a hurry stop by to listen to music. The day is also a great opportunity for young talents to showcase their music. Free concerts are organized across the globe to make music accessible to all.The main aim of celebrating World Music Day is to provide free music to everyone, and also to encourage amateur musicians to showcase their work to the world.

Power of Music:

  • Mood refreshment- music regulate emotions, create happiness in everyday life.
  • Cures Depression- Amid lockdown situation, people are suffering from depression. Listening music at this time can reduce symptoms of mental illness.
  • Reduces stress- music acts as stress reliever.It decreases the level of stress.
  • Provides motivation- Researchers sys that listening to fast-paced music motivates people to work out harder.
  • Removes boredom- people are bored sitting inside homes during lockdown period, listening to music can get their time-pass.

Have a look to “famous quotes” by some personalities –

  1. To live is to be musical, starting with the blood dancing in your veins. Everything living has a rhythm. Do you feel your music? – Michael Jackson
  2. The idea of music is to liberate the listener and lead him to a frame where he feels he is elevated – A. R. Rahman
  3. One good thing about music, when it hits you, you feel no pain. – Bob Marley
  4. There is a gap between the heart and brain – that is where the soundbox lies. Some sing from their heart; others use their brain – Asha Bhosle

So, the best way to celebrate it, spend your time listening to great music both old and new sitting at home. STAY SAFE STAY HEALTHY……!!!!!

Common mistakes beginner made while learning coding

Some common mistake beginner programmer make that hold them back to become a good programmer.Firstly make one thing clear in your mind that by learning a programming language no one can become a coder until you start practicing it .It take a lot of patience and practice . It might take few setbacks , few trials to getting started but ultimately fire up your coding skills.I hope this blog helps you take your first step in coding journey.Let’s get started.

Never Sit back and take the action

There is no right time to get started .Start off immediately .I know you might feel bit nervous.It happened with me too.But sitting back and not taking action will definitely hold you back to start your journey .

And Eventually a question arises how to get started ?After learning a certain programming language you can’t master it until you start implementing it .The most important step is to take action . Start practicing on any any competitive sites like HackerRank ,Codechef .It’s okay if you come up with a straight forward approach (Brute force algorithm) it not be the best way to solve a question but eventually you can do better .Start thinking for a more feasible and optimal solution .Don’t hesitate to take help or read other programmers code .Don’t be in hurry to move onto next question.Clear your concept thoroughly and you would surely make a mistake along and that’s the next point to learn .

Never be afraid to make a mistake

You will eventually make mistakes along the way but rather to avoid it learn from the mistake .

Nobody will come with a best solution everyone start with worst but eventually lead to best.Everyone needs to debug their code it doesn’t passes all the cases including side case in one go.So don’t need to panic.

Even you will find yourself making foolish mistakes sometimes i.e missing semicolon ,out of bound.

There is a lot of stuff to learn .It’s more difficult than you think .More you came to know more you realize there is quite a lot to learn.

Come out of your comfort zone

Most beginners made this mistake .They stuck themselves in their comfort zone .And feel afraid to learn new stuff .They eventually end by solving easy question through they can’t improve yourself ,Start trying hard one which needs a lot of brainstorming .It will surely improve your skills.

Start building projects and participating in online contest

Best way to implement your knowledge or check is building up projects even a minor one or participating in online contest .Even one can take ideas from YouTube ,or any source .While building up your project you will learn a lot and even came to know why is it so important in programming to write a clean code ? and surely online contest are the best way to check your knowledge and prepare for interviews.

Sometimes it’s feel terrifying but it’s okay

When you entered the world of coding it start feeling scary as it is more complex than you think.It’s okay .Everyone has gone through that feeling. You will probably have those days when you start feeling that nothing is going the way as you think and it happens .Sometimes you will not able to solve questions.But nothing to be panic about .When you start understanding this world you will start living in it and then it will not feel scary to you.

In last i want to say that take your first step immediately and turned-on your coding skills.

Please let me know your thoughts in the comment below and have a wonderful day.

Who Does This Body Belong To?

Remember the Magic Mirror from Snow White? The one who always answered in the affirmative that the Queen was the fairest of all in the whole world?

I feel this was specifically scripted for young little girls who are coming of age just so they could understand that each of them is the fairest (read: unique).

Whenever you look into the mirror what do you see? Is there anything about your appearance that you like? Is the anything you want to change, or maybe alter in some way? Is the number of things you want to change more than the number of things you like?

Most people see at least one aspect of themselves that they don’t like. Worrying about the body image has been rooted deep in our minds from a very young age. Constant media exposure of flawless human beings without an ounce of shortcomings has been fed to our minds since birth. Magazines are filled with articles on how to get a toned stomach or six-pack abs, those sharp cheekbones or, a sexy summer body. No wonder there is an increase in the number of people facing body image issues.

body1

Someone is slightly annoyed by a tiny birthmark above her left eyebrow. Someone spends all her time to exercise for leaner legs. Then there is almost every other girl not happy with her flabby stomach. Many-a-times people develop an obsession with a small body part that comes to rule their lives. These flaws intrude every waking moment of the people suffering from body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) which is a mental health disorder, characterized by a continuous obsession a body part. This is the cause of severe distress that interferes with their daily functioning and the worst part of it all is the flaw that is affecting the person so much may even be nonexistent or barely visible to others.

The issue is so deeply ingrained in the minds of people that they don’t even realize they are body shaming someone. A little remark here from your grandmother and a little poke there your brother could make all the difference. Even if at first you feel there is nothing wrong with your body, the frequent gibes and quips add up one day and you slowly give in to the cultural expectation that everybody is inherently flawed.

Then there comes a point when, if something cannot be changed, you simply accept it for what it is and stop wishing for something different before it consumes you wholly. This is your moment of acceptance.

body2

Even if you feel you are flawed in some way, be grateful that you are still breathing. Listen to the needs of your body; no one knows it better than you do. It is the home of your soul and it needs nourishment and nurturing. Rewire your brain to interrupt your negative thoughts. Most importantly, re-evaluate your self- worth. Meditation makes you more aware of your body and soul. A radical shift in self-worth can be experienced in a few days’ time.

People get so caught up in one small thing they don’t like about themselves. You need to remember that salt and baking powder go into a cake and those things taste funny alone but the cake turns out to be pretty delicious.

Image Courtesy: GOOGLE

The youngest baby star in the universe

We all like to gaze up at the sky during the night. Some even try to count them. You may calculate them in your test paper or rate a hotel based on stars, but there are many, and it won’t be possible to count them. According to an estimation, there are more than 9000 visible stars in the sky and around 100 thousand million stars in the Milky Way Galaxy and more in the entire universe.

A neutron star was found and made it on the list when it was nearly 240 years old. Yes, that’s the youngest star, a neutron star to be precise. But what does it mean? Neutron, by the name, consists of 95 percent neutron, which is indeed made from protons, releasing the particles called neutrinos. There’s a lot more to know about in the world of astronomy. These neutron stars have a mass nearly 1.4 times compared to the sun.

A supernova in the galaxy.

These originate after the death of another giant star and form newer stars. There are many types of neutron stars, and the recently found one is a magnetar. Magnetar usually has a powerful magnetic field. The field can be so strong, about a hundred million times stronger than the most potent magnets on Earth made by the humans, and it can manipulate the shape of an atom. These magnetars can remain active for around ten thousand years, considered as a short time in cosmic history.

You may have heard about supernova. The neutron star is created due to the same supernova, as mentioned above earlier. There are more than 3000 neutron stars, and researchers know only 31 magnetars. The magnetar discovered is named Swift J1818.0-1607 on 12th March this year 2020, along with a substantial amount of X-rays, gamma rays, and stable beams of radio waves. This star was noticed at NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory.

The actual image of Swift J1818.0−1607. Courtesy : NASA

The star is a part of the Sagittarius constellation and 16000 light-years away, making it somewhat close to Earth when compared to other stars. Do you know the nearest star to the planet Earth is Alpha Centauri, which is about 4.3 light-years away? The neutron stars can be merely 15 km to 30 km wide, and it can turn around once every 1.36 seconds, one of the fastest-spinning matters. This star also falls in a category known as radio pulsars, and the magnetar is one of the five radio pulsars ever discovered.

An illustration of a magnetar. Courtesy: EAS

There is very little information about these categories, and this single discovery can help in learning about its formation, aging, and its existence. This discovery was made when there was an outburst at that moment. So some findings may occur unknowingly; the researchers wished if they could see from its existence. This star was observed when the X-ray emissions were at the peak, making it ten times shinier than usual as the magnetar was out-bursting. Some inventions may happen accidentally but may make a significant change to humankind. Let me describe with an example: the discovery of penicillin was made by Alexander Fleming in 1928 when he had returned from a vacation.

15 Date Ideas that you can do at home during lockdown

Yes, you heard it all right. I am here with yet another article to make love blossom between you and your partner. With the nationwide lockdown still going on, we presumed that there might have been a temporary hault to the intimacy & romance because you can’t step out for fancy dinner dates or weekend getaways. It must be frustrating since the summers are already here and you just can’t travel. But as they say, Love isn’t just about all fancy and over-the-top things but it is more of those little gestures which make your hearts beat faster for each other because the fairytale has to end one day and the normal life would soon commence so why not try getting used to it from now only by taking pleasure in simple joys of life.
So no more worries when we are here to the rescue.
Here below are enlisted 15 Budget Friendly Date Ideas that you can do at home and keep the romance brewing. So what’s the waiting for? Let’s get started…

1) A DATE IN THE GARDEN
Oh yes who would have thought that planting saplings together could turn out to be so romantic and eco-friendly. If you don’t think so, go try it out for yourself. You can sneak cute, lovable glances while you plant the sapling together, hands closely intact in mud as if solidifying the bond between you two. And if you’re more of a naughty one, try throwing off the mud on your partner and notice the magic of love and romance taking over you.
Make an effort to water the plant together each day and watch your love grow alongwith the plant.

2) A DATE IN THE SHOWER
All you need is to get your bathrobe on and your partner in his towel. You can sway your hips to some romantic music together and embrace each other under the shower. A glass of wine and rose petals would be like an icing over the cake. Typically bollywood na? Still sounds just oh-so-romantic!

3) A DATE IN THE KITCHEN
Tired of cooking everyday with no domestic help available  given the current circumstances? Bring that guy along into the kitchen who vowed to stand by your side always and then cook something special or maybe experiment on an altogether new recipe. What could be more romantic than putting flour onto each other, tasting the food through each other’s fingers and savouring the taste of LOVE with some nice music playing at the background!

4) A DATE ON THE TERRACE
Thanks to the Indian daily soaps that I don’t need to brief you about this one. I am sure everyone of you is well aware of how the decorations should be, the type of music, the outfits and the couple dance steps. Lastly imagine self-cooked dinner being fed to each other, gazing at the twinkling stars in the bespangled sky and then ending the night in each other’s arms. Ohh! How romantic!

(To be continued…)

Indian farmers – backbone of economy

Comprising 61.5% of the total population in the country, the Farmers today are, but the least creditable chunk of our economy. Despite providing us with a substantial amount of produce, they are being neglected on many grounds; be it machinery, techniques, money, or knowledge, they have to bear the burden of being backward and incompatible. Although farming is such a primitive and productive jobs to opt for, most of the people face similar kind of problems regarding farming and activities related to it. But the disaster of farmers committing suicides has become a great phenomenon recently; what could be a decisive reason? Why its been so drastic in recent times?

Farmers and the legacy-

Agriculture or so to say, farming has been opted by a large number of people since it was introduced or, invented. The history of agriculture in India dates back to Indus Valley Civilization and even before that. It became one of the substantial activities that could sustain a huge amount of people. The upsurge in the activity as this resulted in the discovery of new techniques, machienaries, and even the crops which gave a boost to their own consumption, as well as the trade and commercial regulatories.

The colonialization, in the 18th century, was the period that saw a dramatic increase in the number of farmers in the country, under the force of the East India Company, that turned out a large amount of people engaged in other sectors to too seek for the agricultural work. Leaving almost 65% of India contributing to farming, the country came up with its own revolutionary ideas and schemes, such as the Green Revolution, which turned out to be a fancy for the country. But the irony is, still the farmers have stuck with the old and bygone techniques of agriculture that doesn’t provide any kind of fruitfulness to them. And contribute only a less figure to the economy.

Agriculture and differences –

With the Green Revolution adding more to the production of crops in the 19th century, there were still many differences in India itself, in terms of production and output.

While it states such as, Punjab, UP, Haryana, Tamil Nadu and Kerala saw an upsurge in the agricultural pattern. With the farmers and the government officials focusing on farm productivity and knowledge transfer, India’s total food grain production soared. Such rapid growth in farm productivity anabled India to become self-sufficient by 1970s. It also empowered the smallholder farmers to seek further means to increase food staples produced per hectare. On the other hand, areas with shortage of water and nutritious soil were left behind and it took many years to bring them up to the mark of other states with high production.

Due to such huge diversity between the states producing crops,India accounts only, on average, for about 16% of GDP and 10% of export earnings.

Problems and initiatives –

low agricultural growth is a concern for policymakers as some two-thirds of India’s people depend on rural employment for a living. Current agricultural practices are neither economically nor environmentally sustainable and India’s yield for many agricultural commodities is low. Poorly maintained irrigation system and almost universal lack of good extension services are among factors responsible. Farmers’ access to markets is hampered by poor roads, rudimentary market infrastructure and excessive regulation.
– World Bank

  • Climate change
  • Marketing
  • Infrastructure
  • Farmers suicides
  • Productivity

The above listed points are some of the good reasons why the agricultural sector faces huge loss and is unfortunately unable to develop as per the will.

The government has done a great deed in the past for the improved condition of farmers and farming, andis alsos currently practicing so. It has launched many a such schemes to benefit the farmer and improvise their method of farming.

As per a saying in hindi –

Jai Javan Jai Kisan, ye dono h desh ki shaan

If the “Shaan” if the country is always under immense pressure and is supplied with voulantry salary, the sustainability of millions of people in the country would be largely affected, and it would not be able to enlarge its economy and only would be counted in the developing one.

Racism in India |Why India remain silent when it comes to their own country

Everyone might be aware of the incident happened in the USA a few weeks ago that led protest all over the world. George Floyd death. On 25 May 2020 George Floyd, a 46 -year old African American man was killed by white Minneapolis Police. This all started when a restaurant owner complaint about George Floyd using a counterfeit bill. During an arrest for allegedly using a fraud currency, officer Derek Chauvin kneeled on his neck for almost nine minutes while Floyd was handcuffed and lying face down, while repeatedly saying that ”I can’t breathe” until Floyd was motionless and had no pulse. The incident was recorded by bystanders, which was widely spread. People outsource their voice against injustice, the video goes viral activating protests and flaring global anger.

A few weeks ago I witnessed the people outsourcing their voice through the social media saying ”Blacks Lives Matter” against injustice. I am proud of all them for lifting their voices for the community which is highly oppressed over the years. But why we remain silent when it comes to our own country. In 2014, Nido Tania a college student died due to severe lung and brain injuries by an attack upon him in a South Delhi market by a shopkeeper and some men. He was beaten with iron rods and stick and another day he was found dead on the bed. What was his mistake? That he was from northeast India. Activists and students expressed their anger and outrage over Nido’s death with the candle-light march. But nothing has changed over the years. Still so many Indians are voiceless about the disease prevailing in our own country. It is not the only case of injustice against northeast people. During this COVID-19 crisis in Bangalore, a report was filed against the staff of a popular supermarket chain, when two northeast people were denied to enter the supermarket, came to buy grocery items. They were denied because of their appearance. Ethnic discrimination is one of the biggest problem in India. I ask all of you again what was their mistake? They just came to the supermarket to buy groceries they were denied because they were from northeast India. Is this justified? Indians outsource their voice against Injustice for George Floyd and we have to stand with our own people facing this discrimination over the years .” Be the change that you want to see in the world”. Northeast Indians are not only community suffering. Siddhi community (African-Indians) are still going through the same phase. Siddhis are the African tribes that were brought 600 years before as a Slave and caste system keep them in extreme poverty for centuries. In 2003, they have been granted as the status of scheduled tribes. There are many cases of discrimination with the tribe in India, which make India as the most racist country. Every life matter and its high time we stand against injustice and raise our voice.

Please let me know your thoughts in the comment below and have a wonderful day.

I’ll Do That Later

pro meme

If you can relate to even one of these memes then you, my friend, are a procrastinator.

Many of you won’t even know what procrastination means. So let us begin with that. It is the act of delaying or postponing something. Perhaps an example would help you better.

It is Sunday night. Or Monday morning, whichever way you want to classify 2 a.m. at night. You have to get up at 6 in the morning for a presentation for which you started working just two hours ago. The clock is ticking and you’re working furiously all the while cursing yourself for not starting sooner.

How did this happen? Where did all the time go? What were you doing earlier?

Now you remember that you were not motivated enough to do the task at hand. The hours you were busy scrolling through your various social media accounts are slowly starting to haunt you. The time you spent on all the coffee breaks is coming back to you in flashes. You regret doing small and comparatively less useful tasks that could safely be left for a later time.

pro title

Procrastination is a common trap that many of us fall into without even realizing it. It is often confused with laziness but they are not the same. Laziness is an unwillingness to act. Procrastination, on the other hand, is ignoring an important task in favor of one that is easier simply because you find it more interesting. So, how do you deal with this everyday evil in your lives?

Dealing with Procrastination

  • Realize: To overcome procrastinating, the first step is to realize and accept the fact that you are procrastinating. Some signs include your day being filled with low priority tasks, or you wait for the right time to start a task, or you switch focus when you want to avoid doing something.
  • Work out the why: The next step is working out the why of the problem. Sometimes the task could be boring or it could be your poor organization skills and decision-making skills. More often than not, perfectionists avoid doing a task completely assuming that they don’t have the required skills for it rather than doing something imperfectly. Many people also fear success as much as they fear failure.

pro

  • Strategies: The final step is adopting some of the anti-procrastination strategies to make your life better. Commit yourself to a task and promise yourself an immediate reward. Tackle the tasks as soon as they arise and avoid a buildup. More importantly, know that peer pressure works. Ask your friends and family to check up on you. Minimize the distractions in your day. These include surfing on the web, watching television while doing your work, or killing time in other creative ways. The most important thing is to do the task that you find unpleasant the first thing in the morning. This will clear up your day to concentrate on things you find enjoyable and will leave you in a better mood throughout the day.

Act bravely daily. Starting today. Take a first step, then another, and then another. After all, life rewards action.

Image Courtesy: GOOGLE