With the world going green, the automotive industry is remoulding itself to making the world a better planet by switching over from fuel to electric. Electric cars are a much better option with no emissions and thereby reducing air pollution drastically. In heavily populated countries like India and China, there is a grave need to reduce air pollution. Beijing and New Delhi are two of the most polluted cities in the World with regard to air quality index. Greener options like electric cars would pave the way to the global community having a better AQI.
With the introduction of electric cars and vehicles, the global community may have found a solution to the nagging problem. The West Bengal government and the Delhi government has already started introducing electric public buses into their fleet to meet the growing demand for buses and curb air pollution at the same time. During winter the AQI in some parts of West Bengal and New Delhi cross 500 and beyond which is hazardous and may lead to breathing problems and lung diseases. Governments around the world have recognised the need to keep the AQI in check. The Delhi government had introduced the odd and even scheme to reduce traffic and the AQI but it was not successful.
Tata Nexon EV, MG ZS EV, Hyundai Kona Electric, Tata Tigor EV, Mahindra e2o Plus, Audi e-tron are some of the electric cars which are available in India. Tata Tiago EV which is expected to launch in September 2020 is estimated to have a price of 5-7 lakhs which is quite affordable going by private car standards. Affordable pricing, an efficient car with proper service centres are some of the key aspects if E-Cars are to replace fuel-based cars.
Electric Totos are already plying in various cities around India. These Totos are energy efficient and helping curb the pollution contrary to those induced by other transport vehicles like Auto-Rickshaws and public buses. Affordable and comfortable, the public in India has gladly embraced the battery-operated Totos as a means of short-distance transport.
The Tesla electric cars are taking the automotive industry by storm. Economical, green and safe Tesla will be the leading carmaker in the years to come. Elon Musk has promised a $35,000 Tesla car which is approximately 25 lakh in Indian currency which is quite economical by global standards and the advanced features that a Tesla car offers.
The automotive industry is scampering to turn electric and grab the market share. Electric buses not only ensure the stoppage in unwanted emissions but also keeps private cars off the road by providing an economical alternative for travel. With the rising number of lung diseases in India, the government must slowly replace fuel-based cars with electric. Renewable energy to recharge the Ev’s would further ensure a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles are easier to maintain and charging the EV is cost-efficient too. Electric vehicles are quieter compared to fuel cars and is thus a pleasant driving experience contrary to other cars. Electric cars will be another way to fight and combat climate change. The many advantages of electric vehicles make the future for EV’s bright and more appealing.
In this modern era, people are looking forward for a good personality that determines them. With personality I meant for positive thoughts, feelings, or behavior of an individual. Some develops the personalities according to the environment whereas some develops a personality according to their own needs. It can be developed by any person at any time.
According to psychology, a person develops a personality early which continues on developing for the rest of its lifespan. Behavioral personality develops early from the infant by an individual and so as the difference between behavior and disposition also develops early. Before learning of a language an individual develops self-representation personality early in their life. An individual personality is based on what they think, what are their values, what are their beliefs and what are their expectations. Developing communication skills as well as how they see the world also a factor of developing an personality.
The development of a personality by an individual is supported by various theories:
Psychoanalytic Theory— this theory tells about the mental life of a person which consist of three ideas that is the id, the ego, and the superego.
Trait Theory— this theory tells about the pattern of behavior, thoughts, emotions, etc. of an individual. It is a main theory in developing a personality.
Social Cognitive Theory— this theory tells that how an individual develops in their environment and how they gather information and how they use that information in moving forward. It includes past experiences.
Evolutionary Theory— this theory tells that how an individual develops a personality in natural selection. It is personality of an individual through evolution.
Lifespan Theory— this theory tells that how an individual develops personality after the end of adolescence. Also how they develop it in their whole life. It increases accordingly to the age of the person. It never gets stabled.
In an individual lifespan the development for a personality is not stable. It goes with different variables like thoughts, feelings. environmental behavior or etc. based on the above traits. This can been by comparing your transitions between childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Due to environmental influences the personality changes between childhood to mid-adolescence. The stability in personality is a great case study conducted on an individual with an age of fifty years from adolescence to adulthood. Responding to their emotions is different in every individual. Thus, no one does not have same personality traits in them. It differs from emotions, the way of thinking, the way of making yourself to look good to the way of expressing emotions. It also differs that what an individual sees in their childhood to what they are experiencing in their growing days.
However, personality is nothing more than memories or an individual incidents that they are experiencing or experienced. this includes environmental behavior, family background, genetic factors, circumstances and financial condition of an individual. The way they respond to these factors determines their own individual personality. Basically its an individual’s developing of their appearance, intelligence, character, efficiency, style, attractiveness of their personality.
In today’s competitive and busy world we hardly have time for ourselves but you can still take very good care of your hair by using a good hair dryer.. It will help to keep your hair healthy and enhance your beauty which will further add to your confidence level.
Positives/advantages:- 1)The 1000 w hair dryer provides optimum level of air flow and gives you amazing everyday natural look. 2) Philips HP8100/46 Hair Dryer (Purple) contains 2 flexible speed settings which allows you to adjust the speed as you want. 3) The thermo protect setting gives additional protection to your hair by providing optimal thermal temperature.
4) Compact design, easy storage hook makes the hair dryer perfect for use daily use.. It is light in weight and thus can be easily handled and becomes travel friendly.. 5)
Positives/negatives:- 1) The 1200W trendy Syska Hair Dryer comes with 2 pre selected heat and speed setting which allows you to control the amount of air flow into your hair.
2) The heat balance technology takes extra care of you hair and distributes the heat in appropriate quantity.
3) Its unique design and low noise making quality makes it perfect for everyday use and u can easily carry it with u wherever u want.
4) It also comes with the over heat protection and prevents the extra heat from going into your hair.
Positives/Advantage:- 1) The 1600 w havells cool shot hair dryer comes with heat balance technology which allows equal heat distribution and protects your hair from heat damage. 2) Cool shot button allows cool air flow and provides a relaxing felling. 3) Due to its unique design it is travel friendly and the storage hook helps to store it perfectly. 4) It comes with 2 year warranty and provides gentle drying by making your hair look smooth and healthy. https://www.amazon.in/CHAOBA-Watts-Professional DryerBlack/dp/B01IDAOXQK/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&linkCode=sl1&t ag=hzhairdryer- 21&linkId=5daf4ef24f0a1567aad5f69c9ef50c49&language=en_I N#
Positives/advantages
1)CHAOBA 2000 Watts Professional Hair Dryer (Black) can be a perfect dryer for you because of its easy grip and it comes with adjustable speed buttons.. 2) it can be considered as a perfect dryer because it manages your hair beautifully and has long thick chord which provides extra protection from shocks and extra heat. 3) It contains 3 heat setting and 2 speed setting along with Detachable black filter and special rubber cable protector 4) Additionally it comes with 2 years of warranty
Positives/Advantages:- 1)Nova NHP 8100 Silky Shine 1200 W Hot and Cold Foldable Hair Dryer (Black)contains the thermoprotect technology which helps in setting the correct temperature 2) It is very flexible and provides Ehd+tetechnology so that the heat is distributed uniformly. 3) Its unique design make it easily handalable and eye catching and the ionic conditioning technology also protects the hair while styling and keeps it smooth.
Greater female literacy and education is recognized across the world as a powerful contributor to women’s empowerment. India has seen significant increase in the overall literacy rates from 18% in 1950s to about 74% in the last decade. However, there is huge gender disparity in literacy that is prevalent in India. While the literacy rate for men is at 80% it is just at 64% for females. Compared with the rest of the world female literacy rate is just at 60% which is 22% less than the global average.
Low literacy rate hinders women’s participation in the workforce which is an important factor for demographic transition (from high to low mortality and fertility rates). According to a 2017 study, lower infant mortality rates have been directly linked to higher education levels of the mothers as can be seen from a regional breakdown of female literacy rates in India. Kerala, the state with the highest female literacy rate (92%), has the lowest infant mortality rate of 10, whereas Bihar and UP with the lowest female literacy rate of 53% and 59% respectively has a high infant mortality rate, 177.5 and 141.2 respectively.
Female Literacy Rate of poorer countries is much higher than India
Women’s education also had a greater impact on family planning as observed in Bangladesh. Bangladeshi women show high level of awareness of family planning matters and a much higher use of contraceptives than in India. This has led to a dramatic reduction of fertility in a very short period. No comparable changes can be observed in India. This has happened because 88% of women are literate in Bangladesh as compared to 64% in India. The gains in female education has led to an increase participation of women in the workforce whereas in India female employment has gone backwards from 37% in 2005 to 29% in 2009.
If we want to become 5 trillion economy by 2022 we will have to educate our female population and going by the current progress rate, universal literacy can only be achieved by 2060. It is high time that we work collectively to educate our females and not be shy to ask for help from our neighbors who are performing better than us in bringing gender equality.
A person who undoubtedly serves forever is nonetheless a woman who gives spark to a new life, raises, and even works for the betterment of the society. The journey right from a child as a girl grows up to be a mother in the future becomes one of your grandparents and looks after you endlessly. Still, there are several voices raised to support and nourish them; women don’t get equal rights and freedom, fighting for so many decades, and it goes on. What we should be proud of is that a woman has nearly conquered everything in their life. Maybe being the first lady to break some of the achievements, as a leader ruling the nation, and doing every possible job what a man can do. Beyond may it be in the business sector or to the advanced fields of research, and they’ve made their existence, including the space industry.
Let me introduce to one of the famous NASA astronauts, Kathryn D. Sullivan. Aged 68, a geologist born in Paterson, New Jersey. In 1973, she pursued her B.Sc. degree for Earth Sciences at the University of California. Furthermore, she achieved her PhD degree in Geology from Dalhousie University in 1973. She served her career as an oceanography officer for the US Naval Reserve in 1988 till 2006 ended up with the captain’s rank. Before that, she was a part of the first astronaut groups to include women for NASA in 1978 who flew for three space missions and left in 1993. She was also a chief scientist for NOAA in the US.
Kathryn D. Sullivan in her astronaut uniform at NASA
She has achieved several great achievements, noteworthy to mention that in 1984, she and the mission specialists performed a 3.5-hour spacewalk in which they operated a system designed to demonstrate that a satellite can refuel while in orbit. On 8th June, World Ocean Day in this year 2020, she went on the mission to the Challenger Deep, one of the deepest points known. She is now the first woman to travel deep in the ocean as well as to space.
She also received several awards recognizing her contributions like the Gold Medal of the Society of Woman Geographers in 1993. In 2004, she made herself appear in the Astronaut Hall of Fame and was on Time 100 list in 2014. In 2019, she released a book “Handprints on Hubble: An Astronaut’s Story of Invention,” sharing her experiences on Hubble Telescope, the largest infrared telescope in space. You can read more about her from official NASA site mentioned below:
A woman is sitting on the window and glancing outwards.
There are many more women in the past as well as in the future to endorse. It will be an endless list. You can set them as your role model and move towards success in your life. Men have equally contributed to society, but women have been slowly growing up and are at the same pace as the men outperform in their field. Now they’re on the news, and we should appreciate them. Another woman, mountaineer by profession, Vanessa O’Brien, is inspired by Kathryn mentioned above, she can be second women to the Challenger Deep. So, take inspiration and keep inspiring others too.
Suicide refers to the act of ending up your own life or killing yourself. A person who thinks of committing suicide may have various reasons behind it. In different countries of the world, suicide is considered a crime.
But why do people think of ending their own life? I am listing down a few situations that could be the potential causes of suicide.
● Some people are quite depressed about the way their life is going on. They may look happy externally, but internally they are going through tremendous pain. Such people lose interest in living their precious life and they might make a big decision of killing themself.
● When something tragic happens in someone’s life like death or accident of a loved one and he or she is not able to cope up with the loss, he might take up the huge decision of suicide. The pain of losing someone makes the person emotionally weak and vulnerable.
● When someone suffers from continuous failures in his life and is not able to accept his defeat, he might lose the desire to live his valuable life. His confidence is majorly affected due to such failures and this can encourage him to commit suicide.
● Sometimes, somebody has to face many difficulties in developing a strong bond with their loved ones. They might fail miserably in creating a good connection or face rejections in love. Such rejections could also be a reason for suicide.
How can we help the people who are thinking of taking such a big step of killing themself?
● A suicidal person has a lot of things going on in his mind which he cannot express freely. You should talk to such a person and just listen to what he has to say about his loneliness, sorrows, and anger.
● You should make a suicidal person feel that he is not alone. You should show affection towards him and be there with him. Help him in whatever way possible and try to make him happy.
● A suicidal person has negativity filled in his mind. His confidence and self-esteem are severely affected due to his past experiences. You shall try to be sympathetic towards him. Try to listen to his stories patiently and give your opinions. Be kind and try to generate positivity in his thoughts. Your words of encouragement might help him to restore his lost confidence.
● There are also different suicide helpline numbers that can be contacted to communicate and seek help by a suicidal person. You should always show your support for such a person and try to make him understand the worth of life.
You get to live only once and in this journey of life you shall live every moment to the fullest. You shall believe in creating good memories that can be cherished forever. Everyone has pain and sorrows in their life. But you should think of ending them rather than ending your own life.
A suicidal person shall always think twice before taking any wrong decision. Your decision will not only affect your life but also have a huge impact on your loved ones. Remember you have a family and friends who care for your life more than you do. So, at least think about them before taking any drastic step.
“Alonelyworld and other poems”, by Himanshu Goel is a perfect combination of inclusions and exclusions, of sadness mingling with hope, of a longing and rejection of home.
It beautifully lays down the extraordinary situations in the life of every ordinary human. It swiftly blends the tales of being compelled into loneliness to wanting, yet rejecting to come out of it at the same time.
I confess, it is one of the most relatable and captivating poetry compilations. The compilation is a lot of things—home, hope, severity and rivety. It lays naked the fact how the world is full of happy people with festered souls. You may go into a self-introspection mode by the end of this beauty. Ever wondered, how we let things happen, see distances increase and still lie back in the fear of being vulnerable?
It would open you to the strangeness of silently seeing yourself become someone you don’t want to and do nothing about it. It’s a realisation that the loneliness trapped inside of you is beautifully tragic. You will experience being a passionate person lost into a labyrinth that leads no where. The hard-hitting end is captivatingly painful. It’s the place where you’ll find imperfections being glorified better than beauty, society being questioned so blatantly and yet so poetically.
The very thought of losing someone you love is heartbreaking. But change is meant to happen. It is the rule of the universe. There are some changes that are completely out of our control, where we can do nothing about how it happens. For example death of someone you love. But there are and will be situations where you can actually play a vital role in shaping the change.
I have written a poem on one such change in my life. I learnt that “it will be happy, if you want it to be. This poem is about a different kind of happy ending, not the cliche ones we see in movies. Life isn’t the way movies shows it to be. Hope you find this poem inspirational and in future acknowledge the pain and think how you can make it better. Remember: you and only you can make yourself happy. Even when you believe that a specific person is giving you happiness, its not them, its you, because you want them to. You choose how you want to live and that does not mean that you won’t get into trouble. Getting hurt, experiencing pain, any kind of loss, might not be in your hands but how you react to it, how you want to overcome it is surely in your hands.
A different kind of happy ending
I fell in love with the way you cared, Even though I was immensely scared, Cause all the ones I had known, left me alone, Then all I got to hear was that, I am made of stone, But you seemed different, Kindness, selflessness and patience was all I could see, “Epitome” , I presumed you to be No you were not perfect, but you were all that I needed, When every night my heart bleeded, I pushed you away but you didn’t leave, Cause ‘a pashmina of love’ you wanted to weave, I fell for you deeper and deeper , But didn’t realize that the relationship was getting steeper and steeper, I wanted to understand you and give my all, But didn’t understand why you had started building a wall, Those eyes that once couldn’t stop looking at mine, Somehow didn’t find enough time, I reckoned you were busy, But couldn’t help feeling dizzy, Cause it had been a long time I had been on my own, Waiting for your text, I used to sleep holding my phone, I realized, the construction of the wall was complete, Cause your feelings for me had become obsolete, But your happiness was all I prayed for, And didn’t wanted to make my heart sore, I left you and tried to move on, But my heart was all torn, I somehow gathered courage and worked on become strong, Thought by then you would have forgotten me, but I was wrong, You called me and wanted to talk to me all night, And made my dark heart all bright, You said you missed me, and how you would have kissed me, But what all you said after that somehow pissed me, You said we are a different world, and I want it to be happy, Don’t mind whatever I said, because my thoughts had become scrappy, Somewhere we both were wrong, We acted as if we were high on bong, We couldn’t make it last long, but lets proove the world wrong, Lets make it the best breakup, So that we are happy and peaceful when we wake up.
“Let freedom reign. The sun never set on so glorious a human achievement. “
This article consist of:
Introduction
Early life
Politics
Life as a prisoner
President
His writing
Awards
INTRODUCTION:
The leader is a man who comes closest to realizing the norms of a group that values the highest; this conformity gives him his high rank, which attracts people and implies the right to assume control of the group.
Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country’s first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.
EARLY LIFE:
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela commonly known as Nelson Mandela was born in 1918 to a tribal chief of Tembu – Henry Mandela. His mother was Nonqaphi Nosekeni and his father was Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela, principal counsellor to the Acting King of the Thembu people, Jongintaba Dalindyebo. In 1930, when he was 12 years old, his father died and the young Rolihlahla became a ward of Jongintaba at the Great Place in MqhekeMqhekezweni.
Hearing the elders’ stories of his ancestors’ valour during the wars of resistance, he dreamed also of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of his people. He attended primary school in Qunu where his teacher, Miss Mdingane, gave him the name Nelson, in accordance with the custom of giving all school children “Christian” names.
He completed his Junior Certificate at Clarkebury Boarding Institute and went on to Healdtown, a Wesleyan secondary school of some repute, where he matriculated. Mandela began his studies for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University College of Fort Hare but did not complete the degree there as he was expelled for joining in a student .Meanwhile, he began studying for an LLB at the University of the Witwatersrand. By his own admission he was a poor student and left the university in 1952 without graduating.
POLITICS:
Mandela, while increasingly politically involved from 1942, only joined the African National Congress in 1944 when he helped to form the ANC Youth League (ANCYL). Mandela rose through the ranks of the ANCYL and through its efforts, the ANC adopted a more radical mass-based policy, the Programme of Action, in 1949. In 1952 he was chosen as the National Volunteer-in-Chief of the Defiance Campaign with Maulvi Cachalia as his deputy. This campaign of civil disobedience against six unjust laws was a joint programme between the ANC and the South African Indian Congress. He and 19 others were charged under the Suppression of Communism Act for their part in the campaign and sentenced to nine months of hard labour, suspended for two years.A two-year diploma in law on top of his BA allowed Mandela to practise law, and in August 1952 he and Oliver Tambo established South Africa’s first black law firm, Mandela & Tambo.
LIFE AS A PRISONER:
During 1940s and 1950s he rose rapidly through the ANC hierarchy, was frequently subject to detention, police harassments, and banning. ANC was outlawed in 1960, that’s when he went underground and a military wing was formed, Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation). In 1962 Mandela was sentenced for five years of imprisonment for travel without valid travel documents whilst leaving South Africa and inciting Africans to strike. Two years later during his detension in 1964, was charged with treason and sentenced him to life imprisonment for giving a four-and-a-half hours of speech criticizing apartheid which is memorable.
Living in a prison had the same meaning as living in the worst place in South Africa: Robben Island. ANC prisoners earned “D” classifications, prisoners who were the most dangerous and had the least rights. They were kept in cells with hay carpets and thin blankets as beds and iron buckets for toilets. The daily menu was a small portion of corn soup with extra vegetable or meat chop for dinner. The prisoners were given thin shirts from khaki and a pair shorts to wear, even during the winter, and were restricted from reading newspapers or magazines. The prisoners spent most of their time in a chalk mine, where they were made to work very hard. Being the leader of the group, Nelson received more harsh treatment than the others. He was kept 23 hours in his cell every day, merely lit by a lamp. Because of which he was unable to sleep or know what the time was. He was only allowed to have one visitor once in six months and he was once not allowed to see his wife (Winnie) for two years. He was allowed to write and receive one letter every six months. The letters he received was screened by the guard, who would cut and remove the parts that were considered unsafe or effectively erasing. Mandela spent 27 consecutive years of his life in detention.His imprisonment improved his political status which resulted in worldwide campaign to release him. During these 27 years that Mandela spent in prison, he was hidden from the world while he quarried limestone and harvested sea-weed; his quiet suffering example was one of the pressures for the government. Mandela’s Public discussion was considered illegal, but as the years passed by, he assumed the mantle of a martyr. Six years of Mandela life was spent in a solitary confinement, during this period he was allowed a weekly 30-minute visit by his wife. He was later in 1984 was offered a conditional freedom, with a condition that he should settle in a black “homeland” that is officially designated in Transkei, Mandela refused the offer affirming his allegiance to the African National Congress. Mandela was hospitalized in 1988 for tuberculosis. After he recovered he was returned to prison with lesser stringent circumstances. 1990, he was released unconditionally to a joyous scenes of celebration at home and abroad.
PRESIDENT:
On 10 May 1994 he was inaugurated as South Africa’s first democratically elected President. On his 80th birthday in 1998 he married Graça Machel, his third wife. True to his promise, Mandela stepped down in 1999 after one term as President. He continued to work with the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund he set up in 1995 and established the Nelson Mandela Foundation and The Mandela Rhodes Foundation. Nelson Mandela never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. Despite terrible provocation, he never answered racism with racism. His life is an inspiration to all who are oppressed and deprived; and to all who are opposed to oppression and deprivation. He died at his home in Johannesburg on 5 December 2013.
HIS WRITING:
Basic Books, 1965, “No Easy Walk to Freedom”. Pathfinder Press, 1986, “The Struggle Is My Life”. Long Walk to Freedom (Autobiography of Nelson Mandela).
AWARDS :
In 1980 Jawaharlal Nehru Award from the government of India for International Understanding; in 1981, Bruno Kreisky Prize for Human Rights from the government of Austria. In 1983, he named as an honorary citizen of Rome; Simon Bolivar International Prize from UNESCO, in 1983. And in 1986 he was honored W. E. B. DuBois Medal; in 1987 he was awarded with “Nobel Peace Prize” and Liberty Medal. The following year (1988) he received the Sakharov Prize, followed by Gaddaff Human Rights Prize in 1989. After 2 year he was awarded with Houphouet Prize in 1991 followed by a Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
International Journal of Research (IJR) 