An Italian doctor writes:There is a terrible tragedy happening in our country. The old patients are tears before they die.They don’t have the opportunity to take away from the close ones. They didn’t want to die alone, but they had to say goodbye to camera.They are dying in wisdom, to bear all the troubles. In most cases, husband and wife are dying on the same day. Old Grandparents, grandparents are not able to see their grandchildren for the last time.This disease is more dangerous than flu. Believe me, it’s a different disease than flu. Please don’t call this disease so flu.Fever is impossible. The patient’s breath wants to come off in such a way as if he is drowning. The patients don’t want to come to the hospital.They are forced to get a little oxygen.Very few medicines work against this disease. We’re trying to help, but everything depends on the patient’s condition.The old patients are not able to fight with the disease.We are crying. Our nurses are crying. We can’t save everyone alive.I see the life of the machine stop in front of the eyes. Lots of patients are coming. We’ll need more bed soon. Everyone is the same problem. General Pneumonia. Very strong pneumonia.Tell me which flu gives birth to this tragedy?It’s very contagious. This virus is totally different.It is dangerous for some people. In our country, about 65 older aged people have diabetes, high blood pressure, or any disease. For some young people, this disease is dangerous.If you see these young patients, no young people can feel relaxed with themselves.There is no surgery in our hospital. Children’s birth, eye operation, or skin treatment.Surgery rooms have been converted into intensive care unit.Everyone is fighting against the virus. The number of patients is increasing every hour. The test result is coming out. All positive. Positive. Positive!All patients are kind of common:Impossible fever.Breath is pain.Cough.Feeling like drowning.Almost everyone is taking treatment in intensive care. Some can’t breathe even under oxygen mask. Oxygen Machine is more expensive than gold.I can’t believe how fast this happened! We are all tired.But no one wants to stop. Everyone is working till midnight. Doctors continue to work continuously like nurses. I don’t go home for two weeks. I’m afraid of my family’s old members.Talking to the children using the camera. Sometimes I cry by looking at the picture of the wife. We don’t have any fault.For those who told us this disease is not so dangerous, all their guilt. They said it was a common kind of flu. No action has been taken. And now it’s too late.Please don’t get out of the house. Listen to us. Don’t get out of the house without emergency reasons.Use Simple Mask. Let us use the professional months.Our Health is also at risk due to lack of mask. Some of the doctors are now affected.Many of their families are at the moment of life and death. So try to save yourself. Don’t let the elderly family get out of the house.We can’t stay at home because of our profession. Until the last moment, we are trying to save our patients.Unfortunately, we are returning home with disease and broken heart. I am trying to reduce the pain of the body of those who can’t save. If everything is fine tomorrow, everyone will forget about us. This is the profession of doctors.That’s why I’m trying to save people.Be careful even if this disease does not touch you. Stay away from the public. Don’t go to the movie, don’t go to the museum, don’t go to the field of the playground.Please try to feel the sadness of the old people. Their life is in your hands. And you are able to save the lives of more people than we are. You are the only one who can protect them.Please share this post. Share so that all Italy can read this letter. Let’s read before everything ends.Italy Be Gavatseni hospital Dr. Daniele MachiniWhen will my country understand! When will you stop saying “don’t be panic”!
Writing leads to peaceful mind.
Why people are asked to maintain diary? Why people ask to make writing as a habit? How writing helps us? These questions might pop up in your head once in a lifetime. So I’ll try to answer as per my opinion.
~When we pen down something, we use the selectable words and form up the sentences with minding to keep words at right place. There is a boom in our intelligence and imaginagion when we write. We tend to use more of our brain while writing.
~ Writing helps add up our vocabulary, we can have fluency in that language. (I am not asking you to write only in english…use your own convenient language)
~ When you feel that no one is there to listen to you, then you can pen down irrespective of the fear of being judged. It will calmly listen to you but will not be able to advice you.
~ We can express our emotions and can give it time as per our need. It will always be there anytime, anywhere to listen upto you.
~ We can write our ideas, as our mind carries heavy traffic inside which may turn up loosing important factors.
~ Expressing gratitude towards non-listeners…thanking and being grateful is never out of fashion and should be practiced.
~ New ideas, thoughts genrates in our mind. Writing leads to the origination of taglines, proverbs, motivational thoughts.
~ Writing always needs not to be professional. It can be both formal and infornal accordingly. (Needs to be formal in case of professional, officials articles)
~ Writing tend to increase optimistic behaviour. Positive thoughts and vibes arouses around us.
~ Writing and learning are parallel lines which goes hand in hand. When one learns, they can express it via writing, and the one who writes can learn through it.
~ At the end it helps as a relief for us and make us feel happy.
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“Indian Prime Ministers and Their Significant Works”
It was 15th of august 1947 when India got its first independent prime minister ‘jawaharlal nehru’ and India awake to its freedom and liberty towards new journey of hope with the aspirations of crores of Indians who were dominated by various invading forces. We had covered 73 years of independent journey flourishing democracy the ‘praja rule’ covered the journy of biggest democratic country in the world, overcome many challenges but yet to overcome many challenges and hurdles. over the 73 years of independence india had witness tenures of many prime ministers who had laid foundation of Development and prosperous India their policies far sighted thinking and works provides New mile stones.
Jawaharlal Nehru(1947- 1964) : He was the the first prime minister of Independent India Appointed by Lord Mountbatten and at the stroke of midnight hour took oath in the name of constitution of india to became the first prime minister and remained in office for 16 years and 286 days.
Significant Works : Jawaharlal nehru was regarded as the founder of modern india. modernisation was his national policy with seven goals National unity, parliamentary democracy, industrialization, socialism, development, of the scientific temper, and non-alignment. He advocate import substitution industrialization and mixed economy where government controlled public sector.He adopted soviet economic model. He formulated some significant social policies in which he emphasizes on education established management schools, all indian school of medical science, indian institute of technologies, national institute of technologies built thousands of schools, etc. He wrote article 44 of the indian constitution which states “The state shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India”. and apart from it there are many agricultural social defence and nuclear language and foreign policies which he adopt for the better tommorow for the better India.
Lal Bahadur Shastri(1964 -1966) : He was appointed as the second prime minister of democratic state of India preceded by Gulzari Lal Nanda. He remained in office for 1 year 216 days. A picture of simplicity and serenity.
Significant works: He was known for ‘Green revolution’ in india, it was under his tenure when agriculture was transformed into industrial system due to adoption of modern methods and technologies use of modern techniques were encouraged High yielding variety (HYV ) seeds were promoted use of tractors , irrigation facilities fertilizers insecticides pesticides were promoted . and this trnasformed agriculture to a new standard and agriculture becames the rigid basis for economy contributes significantly he encouraged green revolution to enhance the rural income and economy. during 1965 india import wheat from united states and there was an ongoing war between india and pakistan US threatens india to cut supply of wheat if India did not stop the war but he did not bent down before US and on AIR India he gave a famous Slogan ‘jai jawan jai kishan’. He was also known for ‘White Revolution’ which had revolutionized the production and supply of milk. He formulated the National Diary Development Board, support the campaign lead by Amul.
We had witness the rule of many other prime ministers in this journey of 73 years but they both laid the Foundation of Development reforms and visions for Future of India. they created base to build new pillars of hopes and building of aspirations in which lies the confidence of 1.3 billion people of India.
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STAFFING
Staffing may be defined as the managerial function of employing and developing human resources for carrying out the various managerial and non-managerial activities in an organization. The function is concerned with attracting, acquiring and activating the human resources for achieving organizational goals and staffing also involves upgrading the quality and usefulness of members of the organization with a view to getting higher performance from them and in other words the policy of selecting ‘right man for the right job’ should be adopted. The staffing function includes such activities as manpower or human resource planning, recruitment, selection, placement, training and development, remuneration, performance appraisal, promotion, transfers, and so on. Staffing is a continuous function of managers and this is because the organization’s need to retain and maintain its personnel is a need ending process and managers have to keep a regular watch on the size and composition of personnel needed by the organization. As said by Weihrich and Koontz “The managerial function of staffing involves the filling and keeping filled, positions in the organizational structure”.
NATURE OF STAFFING
Staffing is related to people not with goods and it is a human factor related to people and staffing is also influenced by the social, economical, political, and educational environment of the country. Speaking, staffing is a function of far-reaching consequences and the reason is that managers are not shown as an asset in the balance-sheet of the organization whatsoever money we may have to spend on their selection, education, training and development and hence, we may conclude that staffing is a function of a for reaching consequences. According to Theo Haimann “Staffing is also a liability of the management like its other functions which is to be done by a manager continuously”. Recruitment, selection, training, and development of employees is a continuous process and with the increase in the size of the organization, continuity in staffing also increases. Staffing is influenced by the internal and external environment of the organization and the internal environment includes policies regarding promotion, retirement, etc., while the external environment includes the social, economic, political, and educational environment of the country and speaking both internal and external effect the staffing function.
In management selection, training, development, and evaluation of manpower are interlinked and hence convert staffing into a system and it is treated as a sub-system of management system because it is linked with organizational structure. Staffing is done not only to fulfill the present vacancies but also to fulfill the future vacancies and here we have to forecast the number and type of vacancies in near future and the level of the educated and trained people required for fulfilling these vacancies and arrange for the fulfillment, education, and training for these vacancies in advance. Staffing is not a phase of organizing but a separate managerial function and staffing is the responsibility of the managers. Staffing helps in determining and securing qualified and capable personnel for various jobs and it places round pegs in round holes and square pegs in square holes and it aims at economical and better employee performance.
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CORONAVIRUS VACCINE DEVELOPMENTS
What is coronavirus?
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.
The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s important that you also practice respiratory etiquette.
At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. So sooner or later, we are going to come up with a permanent solution for this virus too.
Vaccine developments
With confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide surpassing 9 million and continuing to grow, scientists are pushing forward with efforts to develop vaccines and treatments to slow the pandemic and lessen the disease’s damage. Some of the earliest treatments will likely be drugs that are already approved for other conditions, or have been tested on other viruses.
As of May 8, two medications had received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA): the antiviral remdesivir and a drug used to sedate people on a ventilator.
The FDA issued a EUA in March for the antimalaria drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, but later revoked it after studies showed that they’re unlikely to be effective in treating COVID-19.
EUA allows doctors to use these drugs to treat people with COVID-19 even before the medications have gone through the formal FDA approval process. These drugs are still being tested in clinical trials to see whether they’re effective against COVID-19. This step is needed to make sure the medications are safe for this particular use and what the proper dosage should be.
It could be months before treatments are available that are known to work against COVID-19. It could be even longer for a vaccine. But there are still other tools we can use to reduce the damage done by the new coronavirus, also known as SARS-CoV-2.
Antivirals
Remdesivir: Developed a decade ago, this drug failed in clinical trials against Ebola in 2014. But it was found to be generally safe in people. Research with MERS, a disease caused by a different coronavirus, showed that the drug blocked the virus from replicating. The drug is being tested in many COVID-19 clinical trials around the world. This includes studies in which remdesivir is being administered alongside other drugs, such as the anti-inflammatory drug baricitinib. The drug is also being tested in children with moderate to severe COVID-19. In late April, the drug’s manufacturer, Gilead Sciences, announced one of its trials had been “terminated” due to low enrollment. Gilead officials said the results of that trial had been “inconclusive” when it was ended.
A few days later, the company announced that preliminary data from another trial of remdesivir overseen by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) had “met its primary endpoint.” Gary Schwitzer, founder of HealthNewsReview.org, though, said the researchers changed the primary endpoint 2 weeks before Fauci’s announcement. Schwitzer compared that to moving football goalposts closer to make it easier to get a touchdown. At the same time, another study published in The Lancet reported that participants in a clinical trial who took remdesivir showed no benefits compared to people who took a placebo.
Despite the conflicting results, the FDA issued an order on May 1 for the emergency use of remdesivir. In early June, federal officials announced their supply of remdesivir will run out by the end of June. Gilead is ramping up production, but it’s unclear how much of the drug will be available this summer.
Arbidol: This antiviral was tested along with the drug lopinavir/ritonavir as a treatment for COVID-19. Researchers reported in mid-April that the two drugs didn’t improve the clinical outcomes for people hospitalized with mild to moderate cases of COVID-19.
EIDD-2801: This drug was created by scientists at a nonprofit biotech company owned by Emory University. Research in mice has shown that it can reduce replication of multiple coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
Pharmaceutical company Merck and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics LP signed an agreement in May to develop this drug. It’s already being tested in a clinical trial in the United Kingdom. Unlike remdesivir, EIDD-2801 can be taken orally, which would make it available to a larger number of people.
Favipiravir: This drug is approved in some countries outside the United States to treat influenza. Some reports from China suggest it may work as a treatment for COVID-19. These results, though, haven’t been published yet. Japan, where the medication is made, is sending the drug to 43 countries for clinical trial testing in people with mild or moderate COVID-19. Canadian researchers are testing to see whether the drug can help fight outbreaks in long-term care homes.
Kaletra: This is a combination of two drugs — lopinavir and ritonavir — that work against HIV. Clinical trials are being done to see whether it also works against SARS-CoV-2. One small study published May 4 in the journal Med by Cell Press found that lopinavir/ritonavir didn’t improve outcomes in people with mild or moderate COVID-19 compared to those receiving standard care.
Another study, published May 7 in the New England Journal of Medicine, found that the drug combination wasn’t effective for people with severe COVID-19. But another study found that people who were given lopinavir/ritonavir along with two other drugs — ribavirin and interferon beta-1b — took less time to clear the virus from their body. This study was published May 8 in The Lancet.
Merimepodib (VX-497): This drug developed by ViralClear Pharmaceuticals Inc. has been shown previously to have antiviral and immune-suppressing effects. It was tested against hepatitis C but had only modest effects.
The company is running a phase II trial of this drug. People with advanced COVID-19 will be randomized to receive either merimepodib with remdesivir, or remdesivir plus a placebo. The company hopes to have results by late summer of this year.
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IS GOING DIGITAL ACTUALLY SAFE?
Our plan of going digital, might’ve opened a lot of options through digital payments ,but is has also led us to a situation where there is increasing number of UPI scams. The scams have become so popular that the moment we search about it, we can glance at the whole list. Various types of scam s take place on the UPI platform, because of the modes of deception. From sending unauthorized payment links via SMS, to deceptive UPI handles this ‘ve occupied a big part in this world.
My Narration
A recent UPI fraud happened, where hackers are sending “Receive Money” QR Codes to people. This incident took place on the 27th of June,2020 when a fraudster deceptively took away Rs.5000 from the owner’s UPI wallet ,linked through Google Pay. It started 4-5 days back when this man, Mr. Praveen who claims to be in the Central Industrial Security Force(CISF) plotted against a small retail shop in West Bengal.
The shop deals in women wear, mainly sarees and suits. The man had selected 5 sarees ,through whatsapp worth Rs.18000, after 10% discount. He then called on the number available in social media, asking for the owner’s Google Pay number for transfer of money digitally. He continuously insisted on the fact that the owner’s account should’ve a balance of minimum Rs.8000 in order for him to transfer the money. He even insisted on knowing the balance in the account. He send him his QR code written, “Receive Add Money”, and asked him to immediately transfer Rs.5000, so that he can send him back .The owner not being user –friendly, got into the trap and scanned the QR code, paying him Rs.5000 adhering to the conditions of the fraudster. This deceptive QR code made the users believe they’re on the receiving end, while in reality there pockets are getting emptied. The man , Mr. Praveen gave the UPI ID of his so-called manager,7027410239@paytm. This is the recent UPI fraud, where small business units are targeted in hope of buying their goods. This incident is an eye-opener for everyone, since he could be a hacker trying to extract money through the UPI ID.
However, there are a few ways we can prevent ourselves from losing our hard-earned money. We should first of all be user –friendly before using such apps ,and if not we should take help from our peer group or family. Then, in order to avoid any type of confusion we should choose a language we’re comfortable to communicate. We should take time, and try to read each and every step carefully before carrying out any type of transaction. In cases of fraud, they intentionally try to divert our minds so that we hurry up the process. The M-Pin used for UPI transactions should be kept secure and should never be shared with anyone, just like our ATM pin. In cases of such incidents, the first thing to do is to block the e-wallet immediately, as it could be a case of hacking, phishing, etc , and our whole wallet could be emptied in seconds. We should always make it a point, to report to the cyber crime, to make more and more people aware about such frauds.
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Possibilities of energy extraction from the black hole
Do you remember Katie Bouman, a 30-year-old scientist who came up with CHIRP (Continuous High-resolution Image Reconstruction using Patch priors) algorithm? She contributed to generate the first image of a black hole of the M87 galaxy from five petabyte data of the Event Horizon Telescope.
After this significant success, we come across another success where theory turns into reality after it gets verified by an experiment. In 1916, German physicist Karl Schwarzschild theorized the black hole existence. A black hole can be so powerful that it can possess the energy to drags surrounding time and space. In 1969, the Penrose process originated given by Roger Penrose.
The ergosphere is the region beyond the rotating black hole of the outer event horizon. So, a practical approach made by using a rotating metal cylinder introduced by Yakov Zel’dovich, a Russian physicist. When a beam of light passed due to the rotational Doppler effect, the light reflects with extra energy. In short, for amplification, angular momentum is a must. It may sound simple, but there are factors linked to it, like the frequency of the rotating cylinder needs to be similar or higher compared to the wave. The negative rate will help to gain energy rather than amplifying it.
But the theory has a drawback. You know that the speed of light is 300 million meters per second, so the object should also rotate at a very high rate at around a billion rotations per second. Therefore, it is impractical to demonstrate. But wait, the physicists at the University of Glasgow had a better alternative. They used sound as a medium to test the phenomena. Using a ring of speakers, foam disc, motor, and a microphone, they got the results. At lower frequency, the audio was inaudible, but as soon as the rate of rotation increased, the sound became louder up to 30 percent.
This experiment may feel just like a part of basic science. We also observe this phenomenon in real life, like the loud siren of an ambulance, follows the same principle. If you believe in extra-terrestrial activities, it can be possible that the aliens might use the same ideology, although it has no valid proof. This ideology can be possible for an advanced civilization, which still requires much more researches to go for the next 50 years.
The possibility could be of a black hole bomb formation. It may sound like science fiction, but it can be done by completely wrapping the sides of a black hole with a mirror reflecting the light infinitely times. But there are no dimensions for such an object, even though it is an entirely debatable topic considering it can a one dimensional or two dimensional or even five dimensions as the universe compares itself as a four-dimensional object. But we don’t know whether it is true or not. There might be some other science fiction movies which may show that black hole may engulf all the elements across it, but still, we’re surviving, and right now, you’re reading this post till here.
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Sustainable Development
Sustainable development has been defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report: “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
Using recycled materials or renewable resources when building is an example of sustainable development. Building a new community in a previously undeveloped area without destroying the ecosystem or harming the environment is an example of sustainable development.
United nations
The 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to transform our world:
GOAL 1: No Poverty
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
GOAL 4: Quality Education
GOAL 5: Gender Equality
GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
GOAL 13: Climate Action
GOAL 14: Life Below Water
GOAL 15: Life on Land
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal
Sustainable development concept that appeared for the first time in 1987 with the publication of the Brundtland Report, warning of the negative environmental consequences of economic growth and globalization, which tried to find possible solutions to the problems caused by industrialization and population growth.
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HBT-wood.
Hollywood, Bollywood, Tollywood. These are one of the pillars of the country which are gaining huge profits..not just profits but super profits. Movies really take us to the other world no matter what mood we are into. Act as stress buster, relief, make us feel joyous etc., Those 3 hours becomes magical as we are only focused on what the screen is displaying. Both kinds of movies are present, extremely good as well as extremely bad!! We cannot get an overview of the movie just by watching trailer as our expectation rises and the movie may turn out to be a flop. Not being pessimistic..just keeping my opinion.
Hollywood is extremely overrated in India as well as in foreign for obvious reasons as it gave many blockbusters and super duper hits. They have VFX beyond our imaginations be it fictional, or reality. One cannot assume the level of action scenes(Avatar, MCU, DCU series etc.,) people in India are huge fan of MCU series and the previous year release of Avengers end game broke many records, cam imagine the fandom here. People are going crazy over these movies despite of characters being fictional. There cinematography, scenarios take over the whole show. But there are some movies which are utter disappointment for people. There are both the kinds of content available..you need to watch the right one.
Bollywood is overrated as well. Comparatively even the bollywood gets lots of love from the audience. People are ready to spend a lot on Bollywood moviez by watching it over and over in theatre’s just being a fan of the actor/actress. Even it gave many blockbusters(Evergreen ‘3 idiots’, URI, Chichhore, super 30, Badla, Andhadhun) these are the content ful movie. The list is long enough to be mentioned. These type of movies are to be appreciated and to be look forward. But on the other side it also gave disastrous movies which is really a disappointment to us as a viewer, as an audience(Total dhamaal, loveyatri, Himmatwala, Humshakals, Tubelight) these kind of movies gains box office irrespective of their content. As an audience we failed to recognise the good content ful movies and just for the stardom and fandom made worst movies into hit, despite of getting negative reviews movies earned well at box office which shows that we can lick the foot of worst actor, star kids and can kick the good actors and their movies. We ourself supports starkids and rant online about boycotting. The good content ful movies were left unpopular and unrecognised movies like ‘nil battey sannata’ is a movie which will win your heart with its simplicity and innocence. The content is ordinary, yet the movie is unpopular that is not recommended by anyone, The Tashkent files is another movie beyond our imagination yet unrecognised by audience a must watch movie.
Tollywood is underrated. Except for having highly promoted movies everywhere, the other movies aren’t recognised at the first place. Baahubali series was a blockbuster in India and was worth watching. But the other movies which doesn’t have enough promotional events left unrecognised. South movies are focused only on contents irrespective of showing fairness, beauty, and status/standard of living. I know there are some movies which have these 3 propaganda’s but some don’t care about the colour, beauty, or standard…! Movies like 96, , fidaa, Ratsasan, Dear comrade, U’turn..these movies deserve more viewers. Even the worst movies teaches something productive and good out of it. I know, I know..the hindi dubbing sometimes fails to match the level of originality, and the songs were dubbed into literals meaning which turns into disasters. Even this also has good and bad verse. The action scenes sometimes are too much to handle. Just like bollywood, even this assassinates Physics: /
Both the kinds of movies are available, Good as well as bad but its us who has to watch as per content not for the fandom and for star kids.
The oscar winning movie of 2019 “Parasite”is indeed a thought provoking movie. The movie may seem boring at first but will keep you anxious at the scenes coming aftermath, comedy plus thriller will not let you move an inch by your seat so indeed it deserved the award. A must watch movie, highly recommended!!
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Sources and Causes of Air Pollution
When we try to steady the sources/causes of air pollution, we usually enlist a series of activities and interactions that create these pollutants. There are two types of sources that causes Air Pollution.
- Natural Resources: Natural Sources of pollution includes dust carried by the wind from a location with very little or no green cover, gases released from the body processes of living beings (Carbon Dioxide from a human during respiration methane from cattle during digestion, Oxygen from plants during Photosynthesis). Smoke from the combustion of various inflammable objects, Volcanic eruption etc., along with the emission of polluted gases also makes it to the list of natural sources of pollution.
- Man-Made Sources: While looking at Man – Made contribution to air pollution, it can be further divided into two parts. a) Outdoor Pollution Sources- The major outdoor pollution sources include power generation, vehicles agriculture/waste incineration, industry and building heating systems. Smoke feature as a prominent component. The Smoke emitted forms of combustion like in biomass, factories, vehicle furnaces etc., Waste dumped in landfill generates methane, which is harmful in several ways. The reactions of certain gases and chemicals also from harmful fumes that can be dangerous to the well-being of a living creature. b) Indoor Pollution Sources- In low and middle- income countries, mostly burning fuels such as dung, coal and wood in inefficient stoves or open hearths produces a variety of health-damaging pollutants. These include carbon monoxide, methane, PM, PAH, VOC etc., Expresses to smoke from cooking fire causes 3.8 million premature death each year.
Some more various causes of Air Pollution
- The Burning of fossil fuels: SO2 emitted from the combustion of fossils fuels like coal, petroleum for energy in power plants, and other factory combustibles is one of the major causes of air pollution. Billions of vehicles run on roads are powered by gasoline and diesel engines that burn petroleum is made up of hydrocarbons and engines don’t burn them.
- Agricultural Activities: Ammonia is a very common by-product of agricultural- related activities and is one of the most hazardous gases in the atmosphere. The use of insecticides, pesticides, and fertilizers in agricultural activities has grown quite a lot. They emit harmful air into air pollution. Famers also set the fields and old crops on fire to keep them clean for the next round of swing. The burning to clean fields causes pollution by releasing harmful gases in the air.
- Waste in Landfills: Landfills are land areas in which waste is deposited or buried. These deposited is a major greenhouse gas that is highly flammable and very hazardous. E-waste is another grave concern involving a lot of unscientific dismantling such as chemical leaching burning wires & others.
- Exhaust from Factories & Industries: Manufacturing industries release a large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds and chemical into the air, thereby depleting the quality of air. Manufacturing Industries can be found at every corner of the Earth, and area has not been affected by it. Petroleum refineries also release hydrocarbons & other chemicals that pollute the air and cause air pollution.
- Mining Operation: It is a process wherein minerals below earth are extracted using large equipment. During the process dust and chemical release in the air and cause air pollution. This is the reason, responsible for a worker’s health condition.
- Domestic Activity: Household cleaning products painting supplies emit toxic chemical in the air and cause air pollution, Suspended particular matter(SPM) is another cause of air pollution. Referring to the particles afloat in the air. SPM is usually caused by dust, combustion etc., According to WHO, around 7 million premature death cause every year due to the combined effects of ambient (outdoor) and household air pollution.
- Natural Events: There are certain natural events such as volcano eruptions, forest fires, and dust- storms which are nature- born and cause air pollution.
International Journal of Research (IJR) 