The planning community has amassed a large body of publicly available problems in a standardized input language and planners that accept the language. We seized this remarkable opportunity to collect data about how some of these planners perform on the benchmark problems. We analyzed the resulting data to learn about the state of the art in Classical planning.
Our analyses are retrospective, prescriptive and prospective. The first analyses are retrospective and prescriptive in that they characterize the problems and planners in terms of difficulty, diversity and trends over time. We statistically confirm that problem sets have become more difficult and that new planners are generally more capable. A visualization of planner success on domains shows how the domains distinguish performance.
The second analyses automatically learn models of success and time for each planner. The models are constructed from easily extracted features of problems and domains and use off-the-shelf Machine Learning techniques. We find the models of success to be extremely accurate, but the models of time to be less so. They too are both retrospective and prescriptive in demonstrating the predictability of current planner performance.
In a third analysis, we apply the data to an existing explanatory model linking the relationship between the search space and planner performance. Our study validates previous results linking search topology with planner performance on a wider set of planners than the original study.
Finally, we fill in some gaps in observed performance of the benchmark problems by constructing new problems; these problems do turn out to be more challenging. This study of existing and new problems and planners is prescriptive and prospective in that the results should help guide researchers in comparatively evaluating their planners and suggest need for additional effort.
These analyses highlight the importance of problems in driving research in planning. We show how much can be accomplished with the available resources and point out how much more can be done by broadening the problems available and by learning from what has already been done.
Space has been a place of mysteries for humans ever since we have started studying it. Various phenomena happening in there and science related to it has always fascinated more and more to know much about the place we live in. These all ideas and researches have helped us increase our knowledge about space but still a lot is still pending to be found and various theories yet to be solved. We have heard about black holes and their power to let anything in and not let it out and how even light cannot escape it this is considered to be a destruction factor for anything which travels around it and thus gets into it. The significance of black hole was unknown until it’s provenance was recorded by scientists in 2017. So this has been a great discovery for us and various other theories which have been given by our scientist.
But another theory which is till date considered to be hypothetical is the theory and existence of WhiteHoles. White holes are entities with properties opposite to that of black holes. This means that instead of absorbing things and letting them into it, these holes push things out and resist anything to enter them. These consist to be hypothetical as their physical significance are still a doubt for the scientist. Physicists also question its existence since they believe that it doesn’t agree to the 2nd law of thermodynamics according to which the entropyof any object of something either remains constant or increases but does not decrease. But still many scientists believe that it could exist, which is because as we know that black holes do emit energy in the forms of radiations as given by Hawking’s radiationtheory. So doing so they keep on losing energy and one day they get destroyed. “But the question is what next, what about the things gone inside it?”. This is where scientists think white holes form and during the death of black hole it converts into white hole and this gets everything out of it.It seems to be a valid theory and many scientists do believe in it. Also the story of how our space was formed is related to being from a Whitehole, like we know everything came out of a small dot and thus creates these things. It’s just a second thought on the big bang theory, but still scientist still doubt on its existence.
But some pictures taken by nasa were fascinating and interesting which were related to what we are discussing about. In 2006 Nasa recorded a big supernova-like phenomenon some light years away with a time more than any other recorded till then. Soon after it was recorded that it just got lost leaving nothing behind. Scientists are relating it to be a white hole phenomenon.But assurity of these holes are still not found and also seeing the laws defined in our science, we do not see their existence. But also we know that many things in our space do not follow these rules and regulations and thus these holes may be one of them challenging our governed rules.
So maybe in the future we would be able to visualize or see a phenomena of white holes at some distant light years with better technology and research work by our scientists and experts and thus we could convert another hypothetical theory into a reality.
Chess is a two-player technique tabletop game played on a checkered board with 64 squares orchestrated in a 8×8 network. Played by a large number of individuals around the world, chess is accepted to be gotten from the Indian game chaturanga at some point before the seventh century. Chaturanga is likewise the imaginable progenitor of the East Asian system games xiangqi (Chinese chess), janggi (Korean chess), and shogi (Japanese chess). The pieces expected their present properties in Spain in the late fifteenth century, and the cutting edge rules were normalized in the nineteenth century.
Play includes no concealed data. Every player starts with 16 pieces: one ruler, one sovereign, two rooks, two knights, two religious administrators, and eight pawns. Each piece type moves in an unexpected way, with the most remarkable being the sovereign and the least ground-breaking the pawn. The goal is to checkmate the rival’s ruler by setting it under a certain danger of catch. To this end, a player’s pieces are utilized to assault and catch the adversary’s pieces, while supporting each other. During the game, play normally includes trading pieces for the rival’s comparative pieces, and finding and building chances to exchange favorably or to show signs of improvement position. Notwithstanding checkmate, a player dominates the match if the rival leaves, or, in a coordinated game, uses up all available time. There are additionally a few different ways that a game can end in a draw.
The principal for the most part perceived World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, guaranteed his title in 1886. Since 1948, the World Championship has been managed by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE), the game’s worldwide administering body. FIDE additionally grants life-time ace titles to talented players, the most elevated of which is Grandmaster (GM). . FIDE likewise arranges the Women’s World Championship, the World Junior Championship, the World Senior Championship, the Blitz and Rapid World Championships, and the Chess Olympiad, a famous rivalry among global groups. FIDE is an individual from the International Olympic Committee, which can be viewed as acknowledgment of chess as a sport.[1] Several national brandishing bodies (for example the Spanish Consejo Superior de Deportes[2]) likewise perceive chess as a game. Chess was remembered for the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games. There is additionally a Correspondence Chess World Championship and a World Computer Chess Championship. Online chess has opened beginner and expert rivalry to a wide and shifted gathering of players.
Since the second 50% of the twentieth century, chess motors have been customized to play with expanding achievement, to where the most grounded programs play at a more elevated level than the best human players. Since the 1990s, PC examination has contributed essentially to chess hypothesis, especially in the endgame. The IBM PC Deep Blue was the primary machine to beat a prevailing World Chess Champion in a match when it vanquished Garry Kasparov in 1997. The ascent of solid chess motors runnable close by held gadgets has prompted expanding worry about cheating during competitions.
There are numerous variations of chess that use various guidelines, pieces, or sheets. One of these, Fischer Random Chess, has increased broad ubiquity and authority FIDE acknowledgment.
Rules
By show, chess game pieces are partitioned into white and dark sets. Each set comprises of 16 pieces: one lord, one sovereign, two rooks, two diocesans, two knights, and eight pawns. The pieces are set out as appeared in the graph and photograph. The players of the sets are alluded to as White and Black, individually.
The game is played on a square leading body of eight lines (called positions, indicated 1 to 8 from base to top as per White’s viewpoint) and eight sections (called records, signified a to h from left to directly as indicated by White’s point of view). The 64 squares substitute in shading and are alluded to as light and dim squares. The chessboard is put with a light square at the right-hand corner closest to every player. In this way, each sovereign beginnings on its very own square shading (the white sovereign on a light square; the dark sovereign on a dim square).
Development
In serious games, the hues are allotted by the coordinators; in casual games, the hues are generally chosen haphazardly, for instance by coin throw, or by one player’s hiding a white and dark pawn in either hand and having the adversary pick. White moves first, after which players interchange turns, moving one piece for each turn (aside from castling, when two pieces are moved). A piece is moved to either an empty square or one involved by a rival’s piece, which is caught and expelled from play. With the sole exemption of en passant, all pieces catch by moving to the square that the rival’s piece involves.
Moving is obligatory; it is unlawful to avoid a turn, in any event, when moving is hindering. A player may not make any move that would put or leave the player’s own lord within proper limits. On the off chance that the player to move has no lawful move, the game is finished; the outcome is either checkmate (a misfortune for the player with no legitimate move) if the ruler is under tight restraints, or impasse (a draw) if the lord isn’t.
Each piece has its own particular manner of moving. In the outlines, the spots mark the squares to which the piece can move if there are no mediating piece(s) of either shading (aside from the knight, which jumps over any interceding pieces).
Candy Crush Saga is an allowed to-play coordinate three riddle computer game discharged by King on April 12, 2012, for Facebook; different adaptations for iOS, Android, Windows Phone, and Windows 10 followed. It is a variety of their program game Candy Crush.
In the game, players complete levels by trading shaded bits of treats on a game board to make a match of at least three of a similar shading, taking out those confections from the board and supplanting them with new ones, which might make further matches. Matches of at least four confections make exceptional confections that go about as catalysts with bigger board-clearing capacities. Loads up have different objectives that must be finished inside a fixed number of moves or constrained measure of time, for example, a specific score or gathering a particular number of a kind of sweets.
Candy Crush Saga is viewed as one of the first and best employments of a freemium model; while the game can be played totally through without going through cash, players can purchase unique activities to help clear progressively troublesome loads up, from which King makes its incomes—at its pinnacle the organization was apparently acquiring nearly $1 million for each day. Around 2014, more than 93 million individuals were playing Candy Crush Saga, while income over a three-month term as announced by King was over $493 million. Five years after its discharge on portable, the Candy Crush Saga arrangement has gotten over 2.7 billion downloads, and the game has been one of the most elevated netting and most-played versatile applications in that time span. Lord has since discharged three related titles, Candy Crush Soda Saga, Candy Crush Jelly Saga, and Candy Crush Friends Saga, and a large portion of the organization’s other versatile titles follow a similar Saga freemium group.
Candy Crush Saga is a “coordinate three” game, where the center ongoing interaction depends on trading two adjoining confections among a few on the gameboard as to make a line or segment of at any rate 3 coordinating shaded confections. On this match, the coordinated confections are expelled from the board, and confections above them fall into the unfilled spaces, with new confections showing up from the head of the board. This may make another coordinated arrangement of confections, which is naturally cleared in a similar way. The player scores focuses for these matches and gains logically more focuses for chain reactions. Additionally, making matches of at least four confections will make an extraordinary sweets that, when coordinated, can clear a line, segment, or other area of the board.
The game is part among numerous levels, which must be finished in arrangement. Each level represents an alternate test to the client, for example, accomplishing a base score in a fixed number of moves or freeing confections in a fixed number from moves to carry unique fixings to the base of the board. Sheets have various arrangements and may incorporate extraordinary spaces that have their own novel guidelines, for example, spaces secured with jam that must be cleared by making a match on that space.If the player meets the level’s objective, they will be given from one to three stars dependent on their score and can continue onto the following level. Else, they will lose one life and must attempt once more. On the off chance that the player comes up short on lives, they need to sit tight for some time of genuine time while their carries on with recover before endeavoring the level again. Completed levels can be replayed whenever wanted.
The game has been extended with various scenes, including a couple dozen new levels for every scene just as new ongoing interaction mechanics. Every scene has 15 degrees of ongoing interaction. In the game’s first significant development, the game included a different arrangement of levels in the Dreamworld. While levels had similar objectives, the players needed to adjust matches of confections of two arbitrarily chose hues to abstain from upsetting the dozing Odus the Owl; in the event that they did, the level was viewed as lost and the player needed to attempt once more. In the event that they gathered enough coordinated confections to fill a meter, the game would naturally actuate the Moon Struck force: the board was freed from all confections of those two hues, and the player increased a couple of turns of extra matches without expecting to adjust hues. After this, Odus came back to dozing and two new hues were arbitrarily chosen for the equalization. This proceeded until the player finished the level or came up short on turns as in the fundamental game. Dreamworld levels utilized an alternate arrangement of lives from the fundamental game, permitting the player to switch to and fro between these modes.
As you know, management involves getting work done through the people and by virtue of their positions, managers can issue orders and instructions to their subordinates to get the work done, but it is also necessary to ensure that subordinates put in their maximum effort in performing their tasks and hence managers have to regulate and influence the subordinates behaviour and conduct at work and it is through the leadership role of managers that employees may be induced to perform their duties properly and maintain harmony in group activities. A manager, having formal authority, can direct and guide his subordinates and command their obedience by virtue of his positional power but as a leader, a manager can influence work behaviour by means of his leadership ability to get the cooperation of all members of the group. Leadership may be defined as a process of influencing group activities towards the achievement of certain goals. Thus, the leader is a person in a group who is capable of influencing the group to work willingly and he guides and directs other people and provides purpose and direction to their efforts and according to eminent writers Hodge and Johnson Leadership is “ Leadership is the ability to shape the attitude and behaviour of others whether in formal or informal situations” and According to Livingston Leadership is “ Leadership is the ability to awaken in others the desires to follow a common objective”.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP
Managerial leadership mainly possess the following characteristics:
Leadership is needed in all walks of life, such as economical, social, political and industrial spheres.
It is the duty of the leader to maintain proper discipline among his subordinates.
It is a continuous process whereby the manager influences, guides and directs the behaviour of subordinates.
A true leader is responsible for including encouragement and confidence among employees of any organization.
The success of a manager as a leader depends on the acceptance of his leadership by the subordinates.
The manager-leader is able to influence his subordinate’s behaviour at work due to the quality of his own behaviour as a leader.
The leader leads his group with authority and confidence.
The leader establishes the relationship between an individual and a group around some common interest.
A true creates a bond of friendship between organization and subordinates.
Leadership helps others in choosing and attaining specified goals to the maximum satisfaction of both the leader and the follower.
SOME IMPORTANT QUALITIES OF LEADERSHIP
1. Knowledge and intelligence
A leader, to be effective, must have knowledge of group behaviour, human nature and activities involving technical and professional competence. He must have an intelligent perception of human psychology and the ability to think clearly and argue cogently on points of dispute.
2. Integrity and Honesty
A leader should possess a high level of integrity and honesty and he should be a role model regarding ethics and values.
3. Motivation Skills
A leader should be an effective motivator and he should understand the needs of the people and motivate them through satisfying their needs.
4. Self-confidence
Confidence about one’s leadership ability makes it possible for a leader to analyse and face different situations and adopt a suitable style and Lack of self-confidence often prevents managers to adopt a participative style and repose trust in their subordinates.
cigar should be stored at a temperature of 15 to 18 degree Celsius and a relative humidity of 65 to 70 degree. Drastic temperature fluctuations, dry heat, smells damage the cigar. Cigars are best stored in humidors. there are boxes made of Cider wood. A damp pad is lined inside the lead of the box to maintain humidity by moisturizing air if it is too dry. If the climate is to damp. A dry pad will be used to absorb any exercise moisture in the air. the box has many sections each holding a different type and size of cigar. Many cigarettes are individually packed in metal tubes lined with Cider wood and this tubes are seed that is, they are sealed tightly to prevent the air from getting in.
PREPARING AND LIGHTING OF CIGARS
Preparing cigar for smoking and lighting needs special attention which the cigar handlers must understand . before the cigar is lit, the head of the figure which has tobacco leaf cap must be opened with the cigar cutter to allow the smoke to pass through smoothly. A v shaped cut or straight cut may be made according to the choice of the guest which should be ask before cutting. The cut should be smooth and clean and not too large. the foot and of the cigar is lit with the wooden match or gas lighter but never with Sulphur or wax coated matches or a petrol lighter which will spoil the flavour of the cigar. The cigar should be rotated while lighting and their should be slowly drawn with gentle puffs. some guest warm the length of the cigar with a lighted match before which was used for sticking the leaves during making of cigars a hundred or more year ago. The practice of using that kind of glue was withdrawn long ago and the pinhead of gum used today is odourless and tasteless. Hence this practice is unnecessary
SERVICE OF CIGARS
The following steps are to be followed in cigar service: • Place a clean astray on the table • Present the humidor from the left hand side of the guest to select his / her cigar. • Collect the cigar from the guest for preparation. • remove the selected cigar carefully, making sure your fingernail does not touch the wrapper of any of the singers, it is advisable to place the cigar in such a way that it is easy for the guest to pick up without touching any of other cigar. • take the cigar to the side board to prepare according to the guest request. • On the side board if the cigar is covered with cellophane tube then open it. • open the closed end of the cigar by making a flat or a v cut with an appropriate cigar cutter avoid using a knife or other equipment. • tap the cut cigar over the side plate to remove any unwanted / extra tiny particles. Present the prepared cigar on a quarter plate from the left hand side.offer a light from matchstick or a gas lighter. Light it gently by holding the flame slightly away from the cigar.
Tribhuvandas Purushottamdas Luhar, better known by his pen name Sundaram, (22 March 1908 – 13 January 1991), was a Gujarati poet and author from India. He was born on 22 March 1908 at Miyan Matar, Bharuch, Bombay Presidency, British India. He completed his primary education in the local school of Matar and five grades in the English medium at Amod, Gujarat. Later he studied at Chhotubhai Purani’s Rashtriya New English School, Bharuch. He graduated in languages from Gujarat Vidyapith, Ahmedabad in 1929. He started teaching in Gurukul at Songadh. He participated in Indian independence movement and was imprisoned for some time. He was associated with Jyotisangh, the women’s organization in Ahmedabad, from 1935 to 1945. He was introduced to Sri Aurobindo in 1945 and he moved to Pondicherry. He presided Gujarati Sahitya Parishad in 1970. He died on 13 January 1991.[1][2][3][4]
ABOUT THE POEM
The poem photographing mother by Sundaram shows the poet’s regrets and also the tragedy of the situation; of his mother’s sorrowful state of disease-ridden health and years of neglect. The photographer tries to be kind to the poet’s mother and calls her Ba. He tries to create her feel comfortable and relaxed and tells her to use cautionto not blink. Even the slightest error would mean the waste of a plate and repetition of the entire procedure, The silver-tongued photographer fussing around his mother is barely doing his job unaware of her illness but his request to the poet’s mother has the other effects. The poet’s mother spent all her time doing the housework that she got no gratitude. Since she was passionate about her in-laws we are able to presume that she never protested. forgetting about her own problems she looked toward her children’s future. The poem is structured around the artificiality of the photograph and therefore the harsh reality during which the poet’s mother lives. The poet and his brother try and compensate their mother by trying to alleviate her pain and pleasing her in various ways which are shown within the poem as taking her bent show her townand therefore the palaces, parks, cinema halls, and theatres. But this just looks as if a measly token of appreciation. The poet doesn’t hesitate to require the blame partly for his mother’s condition and feels shame and regret as he sees her lifeless smile plastered on her mother’s face and lastly, it’s shown that s a memorial of affection, he takes her to the studio for s photograph for the last time.
The box-camera, because the name suggests, was basically an oversized box with a viewing
window at one end and therefore the lens at the opposite. Within the box was a sliding frame, which held
a ground glass plate and which the photographer could draw back and forth. The image could
be seen on this plate. Once the photographer had arranged the background and seated his
subject he would go under the black cloth with which the camera was covered. This helped
to keepthe sunshine and adjust the main target. Since it had beenout of the question to physically move the heavy
camera, the photographer would slide the frame back and forth until he was satisfied with the
result. What made his task harder was the actual fact that the image on the glass plate was
inverted. After that, he would cover the lens, replace the bottom glass plate with a glass plate
covered with a light-sensitive chemical like collodion, and so remove the duvet over the lens.
The Corona Virus is not only taking human’s life but is also affecting them in many ways. The people are getting getting affected physically, mentally, emotionally and financially.A large number of people have lost their jobs because of the pandemic.The reason for this is that, the industries and businesses are facing huge loss from lockdown. The major sectors which are suffering tremendous loss are tourism sector, IT companies, airlines, hospitality sectors and many more, and because of this, these sectors are unable to give salaries to their employees and as a result employees are facing lay off. Many people lost their jobs because of this and many more are anticipated to suffer in future. People are not getting their salary due to losses which the organization is having, thus creating financial problems not only to the employers but for the employees too. But there are some jobs which are highly in demand even in this downfall period. Today in this article I’ll be sharing with you all some of these jobs which you can pursue if you have the capabilities and skills for the same. Let’s have a look on some of the jobs:
1- MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT: Everything is going digital because of the social distancing, which we all are following to prevent ourselves from COVID-19. From booking cabs to buying groceries, everyone is going app based and this would only accelerate as we are moving to a digital future. This means that mobile app developers for android and IOS will be all the more in demand and companies will be more than happy to pay them. according to an app developer, they can earn anywhere between Rs 50,000 for freshers and approximately Rs 16,00,000 after a decade of experience.
2- DIGITAL CURRICULUM DEVELOPER: Be it the regular school and colleges or educational technology companies, COVID-19 has made it mandatory for the coarse curriculum to move online. A digital curriculum developer is involved in designing a web friendly content curriculum for institutes, corporates and individuals.
3- SALESFORCE CERTIFICATION: Salesforce, the customer relationship management service (CRM) provider is considered among the most advanced CRM technology in the world. To manage this ecosystem, Salesforce offers targeted certification programmes to aspiring professionals in administrators or developers areas. In India, the average salary for a Salesforce certified professional ranges between Rs 6 lakh to 8 lakh per annum.
4-FINANCIAL RISK MANAGER: FRMs are involved in managing investments risk, trade risk as well as liquidity risks and market risks. During a tough market condition, FRM helps the investment team with the strategy in managing financial prudence. The average pay package of an FRM in India ranges from Rs 9 lakh to 12 lakh per annum.
5-DIGITAL PROFIT MANAGEMENT: A digital project manager runs project to build websites and mobile apps through discovery, planning, production, deployment and maintenance. Considering the shift in bussiness strategies of companies from physical to digital due to COVID-19, digital project managers are high in demand. The average salary in this role according to HR experts is Rs 15 lakh to 24 lakh per annum.
6-CHIEF ACTUARY: With the rise in concerns about future risks in the financial sector and hoe it would be managed, the role of actuary is in high demand. India with a population of 1.3 billion people has only 460 fully qualified actuarial professionals. The actual demand for fully qualified actuarial sciences professionals in India is more than three times the supply. The starting salary of an actuary could be Rs 7 lakh which can go up to Rs 30 lakh with the number of of experience.
William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet, and actor widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s greatest dramatist. He is often called England’s national poet and the “Bard of Avon” (or simply “the Bard”). His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of the uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. They also continue to be studied and reinterpreted. Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613.[11][12][d] His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best work produced in these genres. Until about 1608, he wrote mainly tragedies, among them Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language.[2][3][4] In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies.
ABOUT THE POEM
Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day is one of the 154 sonnets composed by William Shakespeare. Directed towards his beloved friend, this sonnet enhances the true beauty of the young man whose glories are sung in this sonnet. The poet’s friend in his exuberant self is lovelier and is ceaselessly present in comparison to the fleeting and oppressive summer. Shakespeare describes the summer’s diminishing beauty when the clouds dim its shine, its golden complexion is hidden. Contrary to this, his friend’s loveliness is eternal and everlasting, defying the choice of nature and misfortunes, his youth will not fade. He is immortalized in the poet’s verse for which death will not be able to claim him making him as long as people are present on this earth, he will live forever in his verses. This ‘love poem’ is written not in praise of the beloved it seems but as a self-glorification as death won’t’ be able to brag says the poet, but the poet shall brag as his poem will be present eternally
LINE WISE EXPLANATION
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate
The poet asks his friend whether he would compare him to a summer’s day, but then soon professes that he is far lovelier and more constant than the summer
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date;
Rough winds shake the beloved buds of may signifies the oncoming of summer when buds are starting to grow till spring when they will be in full bloom. And summer’s lease is far too short, which means summer is far too short.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;
Here the poet wishes to stress upon this that the summer month is far too strong and short from heaven where it shines form. Often its golden appearance is hidden when clouds cover it thus its beauty is not timelessly present.
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d;
The poet says every beautiful object will lose its beauty someday by the choice of nature or misfortune.
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’ st;
The poet’s friend will not lose his beauty rather his loveliness will be eternally present which is referred to as the eternal summer and his youth will remain with him.
Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:
Nor shall death be allowed to take the young man with him because in his verse he will live immortalized.
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
As long as men shall live and as far as eyes could see, the poet’s poem will live forever, and thus so will the young man.
Anton Chekhov was a Russian playwright and short story producer who is considered one of the greatest writers of short fiction in history. His career as a playwright produced four classics and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Chekhov had at first written stories to earn money but as his artistic ambition grew, he made formal innovation which has influenced the evolution of modern short stories.
PLOT ANALYSIS
In the Bet, Chekhov puts forth a really intriguing argument, whether captivity is worse than death penalty. He portrays this through the characters in his play, during which a banker proposes a lawyer to participate during a bet where he’s asked to spend fifteen years of his life in voluntary confinement with the minimum level of entertainment available at his disposal. The lawyer is embodied as a awfully naive youth who indulges himself during this with no regrets or remorse. Through this Chekhov brings to our attention the foolishness of youth where the lawyer, just to achieve two million dollars gave up fifteen years of his independence. it’s then left to our interpretation on whether the lawyer has changed for the higher or for the more severe as, during those years, the lawyer certainly grows wiser but also cynical and pessimistic. He shows gratitude towards the banker and is thankful to him for the wisdom he gained from the books but he also despises the very wisdom he gained from them. it’s very aptly shown how separation from human society has taken a toll on the lawyers he starts perceiving men with contempt and ridicules their naivety. The story ends with the layer renouncing the 2 million dollars which it seems is meantto point out how the lawyer now doesn’t care about monetary gains like he accustomed. Whether it had been an utter failure or an immeasurable gain on the lawyer’s part is left open-ended.
CHARACTER SKETCH OF THE LAWYER
In the bet initially, the lawyer is introduced by Chekhov as a young man who is tempted by the proposal of two million million dollars and is prepared to sacrifice his independence for it. Later on, because the story progresses, the lawyer is shown to become very wise and idealistic. He values his ideals and morals then again he also gives in to his voices when he starts drinking and smoking constantly. Nevertheless, the lawyer reaches wise words and starts despising human interactions altogether which shows how years of confinement have taken a toll on him. After dwelling within the literary wonders of the banker’s books he involves realize that every one material and earthly possessions area worthless and humans who strive to achieve from them are foolish to try and do so for death which is able to eventually come won’t allow you to leave a trace behind. This shows that the lawyer who was once very daring and greedy for obtaining the money has become very cynical and free from material gains. Lastly, the lawyer is shown renouncing the 2 million dollars and thereby sticking to his moral principle.
International Journal of Research (IJR) 