Category: Science and Technology

Red: The eye saving color

Everywhere you see, you observe a lot of colors. The entire world filled with different colors, but I do feel sad for the blind people. There are three primary colors: red, green, and blue, commonly referred to as RGB. We can see around 10 million colors, but we have 24-bit displays showing us up to 16.7 million colors, and now even much with a 30-bit display, we get around a billion colors. Do they worth seeing it? We don’t know.

Research says that our eyes are equivalent to 576 megapixels resolution. But unfortunately, we can’t print them or save them in digital format. But to see the world, you need to take care of your eyes also. For that, the latest findings say that we can do that using the color red. Let’s dive into it.

Stop, read this before you leave!

The red color is an indication for showing love to your partner, red blood in your entire body, red color is even considered to be holistic in many rituals. Also, those beautiful red roses in a garden can fill your day with happiness when it acts as a gift on several occasions. Red being with the highest wavelength of the color at around 700 nanometers, it can save your eyes if you glance the shade for 3 minutes daily, you will have fewer chances to lose them in the future.

Recent research by the University College London students on 24 different people aged from 24 to 72 with no optical problems contributed their time as a part of a study. People with age 40 and above can significantly improve their vision to save their eyes if they stare red light continuously for a short span of 3 minutes daily as mentioned previously. Their eyes made to see a red LED torch and tested for colour vision and low light vision as well. The colour detection ability increases by 20 per cent as a result of this study. In more detail, mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, as a part in the retina absorbs the specific wavelength of 670 nm of red light, get charged just like a battery.

Spectacles under the red light

Recent research by the University College London students on 24 different people aged from 24 to 72 with no optical problems contributed their time as a part of a study. People with age 40 and above can significantly improve their vision to save their eyes if they stare red light continuously for a short span of 3 minutes daily as mentioned previously. Their eyes made to see a red LED torch and tested for colour vision and low light vision as well. The colour detection ability increases by 20 per cent as a result of this study. In more detail, mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, as a part in the retina absorbs the specific wavelength of 670 nm of red light, get charged just like a battery.

The mesmerizing red moon during the night.

However, this method wouldn’t help the young kids and adults. They made a device worth 14 dollars, and it might save your eyes for a more extended period. The retina with over 70 per cent ATP reduction over time is very much faster as compared to other body cells. The research was also previously tested on mice, bumblebees and fruit flies, and their photoreceptors show a significant change too. The blue light sensitivity decreases over ageing, and it’s said to be harmful although there is no evidence. Still, the glass manufacturers do believe the fact but try to follow the 20-20-20 rule. This method speaks to look out 20 feet far away for 20 seconds after a 20-minute session from the screen when you get exposed to a screen for a long time. The red light research by UCL did get published in the Journals of Gerontology.

The red torch used for the study. Courtesy: UCL

“Humans And Space Exploration”

Space has always fascinated humans with its hidden facts and secrets. Space exploration and various researches have helped us understand a bit about space, our earth and our solar system. Frequent Trips to space and various space missions have not only helped humans to be more advanced in technology but also give birth to new theories and research work. Today we live in our world and technology initially made to be used for space missions only. 

Launch of satellites, landing on the moon, sending rovers on Mars and building and the International Space Station has set a big example for the coming generation to go beyond with the improvement in current technology.

  1.  There have been various advantages known to  humans from space exploration and missions. It has helped us to estimate and forecast weather, and thus make people aware about any kind of danger. 
  2. Telecommunication and the Internet have been possible through these satellites as well. 
  3. Many countries use satellites as defense systems to safeguard their country from any kind of external attack. 
  4. These space missions help us to know about natural phenomena happening outside our solar system and also about things happening various light years ahead. 
  5. It has fascinated students towards itself  that more and more ideas for space mission exploration have been born. 
  6. It has helped us to land on the moon and acknowledge the presence of resources which we can use in future and build a human base over there. 
  7. Also we were able to reach other planets in our solar system through satellites. And even land on some, which includes Mars. These do have challenged humans at times, but ended on the side of mankind. 
  8. We have also known about the possibilities of life on other planets at a distance from our solar system, which would surely be a curiosity to reach and know if those planets do support life. 

These do have some disadvantages as they require a lot of investment, loss of resources and material and also the surety of the result is not available. People do after basic needs in their life, and we are invested in space. Everything has its pros and cons, and it depends on us if we see the better side or create it worse for others to look at. The advantages of space exploration have changed the life of common man without any doubt with more facination, new discoveries and the dream to go in space. Whatever we see around us is a result of science and humans invest in it . Space exploration will bring up new possibilities, research, ideas which will  not only make our life better with comforts and facilities but also fill our life with the dreams to turn reality and those realities to be lived in. 

Space exploration is a boon to mankind, as it not only brings out the possibility to discover new species and planets like ours but also can be a better option to help us shift to other planets with better opportunities and resources seeing the present scenario of our planet. “Bad air to breath, impure water to drink, lack of natural resources and people dying of hunger and basic needs day by day. Reduction of land as per growing population, cutting of trees for their basic needs and killing of animals for hunger”. Seems horrible  but is the bitter truth. Thus soon we will get exhausted of all our resources and would leave to die.

The exploration has a tendency to bring out the ray of hope and possibilities for our coming generation to survive. We all need to work on this together by not only coming together for our earth, saving it from degradation but also searching for better alternatives as future homes. 

binary number system and indian history

Binary numbers, number system, decimal codes, computer and technology, Binary codes , information theory, digitallogic gate these things are co-realated with each other . Binary numbers we generally come to know about this number system in our junior year computer class and we used to solve this kind of binary protblemes like convert the decimal number to binary number .

so let’s know what is binary number system binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols: typically “0” (zero) and “1” (one).A binary code represents text, computer processor instructions, or any other data using a two-symbol system. The two-symbol system used is often “0” and “1” from the binary number system. The binary code assigns a pattern of binary digits, also known as bits, to each character, instruction, etc

now if we serch for the history for the binary number system theory or binary code , source show that the modern binary number system, the basis for binary code, was invented by Gottfried Leibniz in 1689 and appears in his article Explication de l’Arithmétique Binaire. The full title is translated into English as the “Explanation of the binary arithmetic”, 

But In India the binary number system came around 3rd or 2nd century, Acharya Pingala an ancient Indian mathematician invented binary system , it,s assumes that he was 1st inventor of binary system in the world. Acharya Pingala authored Chandaḥśāstra (Pingala-sustra) or Chandhas refers to one of the six Vedangas or limbs of vedic studies Chandaḥśāstra literally translate to sciece of meters in Sanskrit. Pingala used binary numbers in the form of short and long syllebles making it similar to Morse code, here the binary numbers increased toward the right and not to the left like in The modern binary system, in this book number started from 1 not 0 . Pingala used laghu(light) and guru(heavy) rather than 0 and 1 described syllbles,(four short syllables—binary “0000”—is the first pattern),

That the binary code was invented in India is hardly a surprise. Not long ago, scientists discovered a very intriguing  ancient Indian text known as the Bakhshali manuscript that re-writes history of number zero and mathematics.

Bakhshali manuscript – Image credit: Bodleian Library


Tiktok caught spying on iOS 14 users’ data

TikTok app – for which many campaigns are running over the social media to boycott the use of this Chinese app- was recently caught spying on people who were using iOS 14, mainly developers and selected users. Complete access to the update will be made available to users by Fall 2020, Apple had noted.

The short video-making Chinese app had stated in the past that it would stop the practice of reading content on user’s clipboards However, quite recently it was again found that the app is snooping on the Apple users and was caught red-handed a report on Telephraph stated.

This could be figured out by a software update by Apple for iOS 14 that sends notifications to users whenever an app is found accessing their data.

The alarms for apps getting access to data were raised before the release of iOS 14. Research by Talal Haj Bakry and Tommy Mysk found that many popular apps were snooping on user content without their consent. The report noted that the text left in the clipboard or the pasteboard could be inconsequential but it could contain sensitive data like user’s passwords, etc.

Every time the user opens an app, it gets access to their data. This could be gaming apps or social media apps.

Along with Tiktok other apps like AccuWeather, Overstock, AliExpress, Call of Duty Mobile, Patreon, and Google News also accessed user’s data from their clipboards, Telegraph noted.

iPhone users and software developers who received notifications were enraged with this and described the app’s behavior as “creepy” and “extremely shady,” the report stated.

A spokesperson for TikTok issued a clarification quoted by The Telegraph. He said that the app’s behavior was triggered by a feature designed to identify repetitive, spammy behavior. Further, he assured of the privacy of the users and transparency of the working of the App.

“Following the beta release of iOS 14 on June 22, users saw notifications while using a number of popular apps. For TikTok, this was triggered by a feature designed to identify repetitive, spammy behavior. We have already submitted an updated version of the app to the App Store removing the anti-spam feature to eliminate any potential confusion,” the spokesperson said.
“TikTok is committed to protecting users’ privacy and being transparent about how our app works,” he added.

It is however not clear if the company removed the feature for Android devices as well and for how long the feature had been in place. It also did not give any clarification if the user’s data from the clipboard was used by the app.

A report by MacRumors stated that a download of the new update confirms that TikTok no longer appears to be accessing the clipboard.

Possibilities of energy extraction from the black hole

Do you remember Katie Bouman, a 30-year-old scientist who came up with CHIRP (Continuous High-resolution Image Reconstruction using Patch priors) algorithm? She contributed to generate the first image of a black hole of the M87 galaxy from five petabyte data of the Event Horizon Telescope.

Katie Bouman’s reaction on the creation of first black hole image.

After this significant success, we come across another success where theory turns into reality after it gets verified by an experiment. In 1916, German physicist Karl Schwarzschild theorized the black hole existence. A black hole can be so powerful that it can possess the energy to drags surrounding time and space. In 1969, the Penrose process originated given by Roger Penrose.

The ergosphere is the region beyond the rotating black hole of the outer event horizon. So, a practical approach made by using a rotating metal cylinder introduced by Yakov Zel’dovich, a Russian physicist. When a beam of light passed due to the rotational Doppler effect, the light reflects with extra energy. In short, for amplification, angular momentum is a must. It may sound simple, but there are factors linked to it, like the frequency of the rotating cylinder needs to be similar or higher compared to the wave. The negative rate will help to gain energy rather than amplifying it.

The experiment setup

But the theory has a drawback. You know that the speed of light is 300 million meters per second, so the object should also rotate at a very high rate at around a billion rotations per second. Therefore, it is impractical to demonstrate. But wait, the physicists at the University of Glasgow had a better alternative. They used sound as a medium to test the phenomena. Using a ring of speakers, foam disc, motor, and a microphone, they got the results. At lower frequency, the audio was inaudible, but as soon as the rate of rotation increased, the sound became louder up to 30 percent.

This experiment may feel just like a part of basic science. We also observe this phenomenon in real life, like the loud siren of an ambulance, follows the same principle. If you believe in extra-terrestrial activities, it can be possible that the aliens might use the same ideology, although it has no valid proof. This ideology can be possible for an advanced civilization, which still requires much more researches to go for the next 50 years.

The first image of the black hole.

The possibility could be of a black hole bomb formation. It may sound like science fiction, but it can be done by completely wrapping the sides of a black hole with a mirror reflecting the light infinitely times. But there are no dimensions for such an object, even though it is an entirely debatable topic considering it can a one dimensional or two dimensional or even five dimensions as the universe compares itself as a four-dimensional object. But we don’t know whether it is true or not. There might be some other science fiction movies which may show that black hole may engulf all the elements across it, but still, we’re surviving, and right now, you’re reading this post till here.

Sources and Causes of Air Pollution

When we try to steady the sources/causes of air pollution, we usually enlist a series of activities and interactions that create these pollutants. There are two types of sources that causes Air Pollution.

  1. Natural Resources: Natural Sources of pollution includes dust carried by the wind from a location with very little or no green cover, gases released from the body processes of living beings (Carbon Dioxide from a human during respiration methane from cattle during digestion, Oxygen from plants during Photosynthesis). Smoke from the combustion of various inflammable objects, Volcanic eruption etc., along with the emission of polluted gases also makes it to the list of natural sources of pollution.
  2. Man-Made Sources: While looking at Man – Made contribution to air pollution, it can be further divided into two parts. a) Outdoor Pollution Sources- The major outdoor pollution sources include power generation, vehicles agriculture/waste incineration, industry and building heating systems. Smoke feature as a prominent component. The Smoke emitted forms of combustion like in biomass, factories, vehicle furnaces etc., Waste dumped in landfill generates methane, which is harmful in several ways. The reactions of certain gases and chemicals also from harmful fumes that can be dangerous to the well-being of a living creature. b) Indoor Pollution Sources- In low and middle- income countries, mostly burning fuels such as dung, coal and wood in inefficient stoves or open hearths produces a variety of health-damaging pollutants. These include carbon monoxide, methane, PM, PAH, VOC etc., Expresses to smoke from cooking fire causes 3.8 million premature death each year.

Some more various causes of Air Pollution

  1. The Burning of fossil fuels: SO2 emitted from the combustion of fossils fuels like coal, petroleum for energy in power plants, and other factory combustibles is one of the major causes of air pollution. Billions of vehicles run on roads are powered by gasoline and diesel engines that burn petroleum is made up of hydrocarbons and engines don’t burn them.
  2. Agricultural Activities: Ammonia is a very common by-product of agricultural- related activities and is one of the most hazardous gases in the atmosphere. The use of insecticides, pesticides, and fertilizers in agricultural activities has grown quite a lot. They emit harmful air into air pollution. Famers also set the fields and old crops on fire to keep them clean for the next round of swing. The burning to clean fields causes pollution by releasing harmful gases in the air.
  3. Waste in Landfills: Landfills are land areas in which waste is deposited or buried. These deposited is a major greenhouse gas that is highly flammable and very hazardous. E-waste is another grave concern involving a lot of unscientific dismantling such as chemical leaching burning wires & others.
  4. Exhaust from Factories & Industries: Manufacturing industries release a large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds and chemical into the air, thereby depleting the quality of air. Manufacturing Industries can be found at every corner of the Earth, and area has not been affected by it. Petroleum refineries also release hydrocarbons & other chemicals that pollute the air and cause air pollution.
  5. Mining Operation: It is a process wherein minerals below earth are extracted using large equipment. During the process dust and chemical release in the air and cause air pollution. This is the reason, responsible for a worker’s health condition.
  6. Domestic Activity: Household cleaning products painting supplies emit toxic chemical in the air and cause air pollution, Suspended particular matter(SPM) is another cause of air pollution. Referring to the particles afloat in the air. SPM is usually caused by dust, combustion etc., According to WHO, around 7 million premature death cause every year due to the combined effects of ambient (outdoor) and household air pollution.
  7. Natural Events: There are certain natural events such as volcano eruptions, forest fires, and dust- storms which are nature- born and cause air pollution.

“Ensuring Safety with Automotives”

Automotives have been an important part of our lives and have helped make life much easier and travel more comfortable. The development in science and technology and with the industrial revolution gave manufacturing and production a new standard to work and provide better and new products but also work to unemployed people. Cars, trucks, bikes have  helped humans to reach their favourite places without any thought and within some minutes or hours of travel. Aircraft and airships have not only enabled people to travel to different parts of the world but also to different planets. Thus, advancement in technology and new ideas have helped humans to turn their dreams Into reality. 

These automotives have been a part of our life since ages and we have seen advancment in their structure, in their material and their engines. Every new model of these automobiles has better average and efficiency along with better aerodynamics and looks. 

But the problem with these automotives is the risk factor, which hasn’t seen any decline, rather for most cases has seen a great hike. People lose their life in manor accidents happening all over the world. But no significant changes or policies have come up as such. These automotives are very expensive but still lack to provide surety of life in case of any mishappening. These automotives must be impact resistant and should be able to stay rigid in case of accidents so as to make the life of the person sitting in it safe. 

The bitter truth is that, in spite of development in materials and manufacturing techniques, most of the automotive companies are bound to their older ones, which not only enable them to make much if profits but also are easy to manufacturers. Also the main issue is with the knowledge and skills of people. Most of the people do not know the better and best alternatives to most of the material used in these automotives which not only provide strength to the structure but also absorb most of the impact. The main reason is also the loss of profit share, as most of thee. Material cost more and they can’t afford much of these investment to be done, as they still had to keep the proves same, as if they will increase, people might not even buy them, which thus significant leads to lack of selling of these automotives or if it happened, the company profit share would reduce. 

People should also understand the importance of their life and must ask for the Return on investment which is their right as they are spending high amounts of money in buying these automobiles. Maybe in future better alternatives must be seen in the marketplace, assuring safety of the individual travelling in it. New materials are being into researched which  would effectively used for making these automotives which not only will maintain the profit share but also will stay strong, rigid, impact resistance and thus will assure life of individual and safe travel possible. The only need is for the companies to understand and care for their customers, provide them the value for the product and thus making traveling much safer. 

“The Future With Flying Automotives”

Science and technology have changed the world it earlier used to be. Lot more comforts, facilities , commodities and thus ease in life. The inventions of cars brought a wider benefit to humans in various aspects. Be it travelling, or shifting of goods and material or sometimes even for relaxing. These automotives have changed the world completely and brighter a better and comfortable phase to life of humans. These went in great demands  as soon as they are brought on ground. People became very fond of these and used these as a source to travel to even nearby distance. But as the decades passed, the population saw a great hike,leading to more requirements for resources, more food, more water, more facilities and this increased the number of cars in the roads. Automotive sector saw a great profit in this and many companies came into the business of manufacturing cars and its products so as to earn profit. 

But sooner there were many problems faced by the people which do exist even today, the tension of traffic, high petrol and diesel cost and global warming. As the number of vehicles increased, the consumption of fuel and thus emissions from them increased significantly , leading to increase in the amount of carbon content in the air and thus global warming and climate change were born. But also there are some other factors which do have a greater impact on the resources. In today’s era, where we see increasing population, this is leading the resources to scarce. We do not have enough land for making houses and other necessities like hospitals and schools and various others, so we do not have much land left to make roads, also cutting of trees for building roads is not acceptable. So what would be the scenario in the future?

We know that we do require vehicles for travelling as they not only save our time but also helps us provide ease while travelling. So ,What could be the possible solution? Various new  companies are coming with an idea of flying cars and Eco friendly fuel. This could surely be a better way out distributing  the load between land and air. These vehicles would help us to fight the  problem of traffic and fuel emissions. Also no more trees would be cut down and enough land would be available to fully fill the needs of humans. 

But is this the better alternative? Is there no danger shifting to the idea of flying automotives and is it possible? We cannot assume the safety of these vehicles until we bring a few of them in the market, test them and then analyse them. But it is 100%  possible. Companies are investing most of their money in these engines to provide enough thrust to maintain a vehicle in air with an Eco friendly fuel. Research work is in the run to find better fuel which could be effective and Eco-friendly to use and also budget friendly. 

We surely need to understand the fact that there are various environmental issues prevailing at current times. We cannot stop our operations suddenly in a way to stop these but we can surely find out the ways to reduce them by shifting towards better and cleaner resources, clean fuel and safe technologies so as to provide the easy to humanity as it is and save our earth from the increasing damage. 

The harsh move of nature – tsunamis and earthquake

Do you know that the 2004 Tsunami had killed over 225 thousand people in 14 different countries? It’s so sad to hear, but that’s the reality when such a natural calamity appears in, and there’s no way to stop it unless if predicted in advance. The tsunami on the day of Christmas 2004 had a significant impact on the people, and the news media coverage correspondents were in shock. It did happen all of a sudden, with a maximum rise of water up to 100 feet.

On the other hand, the most massive scale on record for earthquakes recorded in Chile with a magnitude of 9.5. If there is any similar incident with a higher range of 11.0 ever happens, the Earth may split into two halves. Now the 2004 event was complemented with an earthquake of 9.1 magnitudes on the western coast in Sumatra, Indonesia. These bring tears to eyes when we hear the survival stories; how they manage to get out in such a situation is a courageous task.

Human abundance has increased so much, they’re building infrastructure everywhere.

Why do these incidents happen, and how does it originate? In short, the water present in the ocean is ultimately linked to the bottom of the Earth, to be precise, the mantle where the plate boundaries are also present. When there is a vigorous movement of water, this leads to magma production, continental crust formation, several mineral resources but also an earthquake.

Most of the researches was on the Ring of Fire mentioned in my earlier post. This area is in the Pacific Ocean. But, findings by the University of Bristol keep concerns on the Atlantic plate and the eastern sides of the Caribbean Sea. These will help us to know how it works and how it leads to an earthquake. Scientists gathered data from two marine cruise ships, which recorded the seismic activities on the temporary station with the necessary information of the rock samples etc.

To know the role of the water in a subduction zone (an area where tectonic plates intermixes with one plate and sinks), they did a study on the composition of Boron element and found that serpentine, a mineral rock supplies water to the central regions in the Caribbean Sea as mentioned earlier.

The aftermath of an earthquake. Who will recover the losses?

If such an incident takes place soon, are we prepared for the same? I hope it doesn’t happen, but an estimate says that almost everyone in this world has no proper disaster management plan. The problem is that people immediately panic and take wrong steps leading to their death. For example, you should know the fire exits of the premises in which you currently live. Around 50 earthquakes are happening around the world, all of them are not noticeable, but the major ones create loss to human lives and destruction of several infrastructures, historical monuments, etc.

It would be best if you always kept a list of emergency contacts in a diary or somewhere saved on your smartphones. Now the devices are much smarter; even most of the device manufacturers do include the SOS panic button so that you get help immediately. Be prepared for the worst, and stay safe.

“Manual Landing Mission on Moon and Factors Affecting Their Sudden Drop”

Humans have been challenging their boundaries and bringing every aspect of their dreams to be a realty. With the development in science and technology, men has been able to bring all sorts of comforts, facilities and knowledge to their lives. World war 2 led an important role in development of aerospace and related field. More aircrafts be it passenger or fighter were manufactured and this leads to a whole new phase of possibilities for humans. So humans were able to launch their first satellite in space, followed by the first person in space and then soon after a few years we were even able to land on the moon. Space became a fight between the top countries like the USA and Soviet Union. But initially Soviet Union were way long heading in this fight till the USA didn’t land their mission or manned mission on the moon. 

But the main thing to notice is that humans last landed on the moon in early 70’s.One after another space mission, Helped humans to discover a lot more about space, and each time they land, created history. But what led to the stopping of these missions suddenly. Why did the US stop their successful series of aircraft in outer space? Initially these were very successful missions to space until Apollo-13 which got to space and orbited the moon, but couldn’t land due to lack of oxygen . It was a tough journey back to planet safe, but it really helped NASA especially to look after loophole and prepare best for the next mission. After that, successful 4 missions held. But soon it stopped. The study shows the effect of “Budget for these space agencies as by the government”. In late 50’s as soon as Soviet Union started their missions to space, it put pressure on USA. Soon after they sent their first Cosmonaut to space and ended more pressure on the USA. The US seemed to lose this race to space. So they invested most of their money in developing space technology, research and new ideas to overcome this defeat. This truly resulted  as an advancement for humans and their reach beyond limits which they thought were impossible not. The moon landing and consecutive space flights lead them way long to head to Soviet Union and any other countries, making it the only country to land on the moon. 

But significantly the USA has limited its investment in most space projects and this has significantly called off most of their space missions. After 1973 , investment got less and decreased with time and is still very less as compared to what it used to be. The  reason for this is that they seem themselves as superpowers and no other country has achieved such accomplishment in space. So space travel and especially landing on the moon decreased . 

NASA is planning their next space manned program to land on the moon by 2024 and this might be a beginning of another phase of moon landing with back to back space flights and landing missions on moons. The dream to have a human base may get another lifeline to be fulfilled soon  and we may see other better possibilities, research and hidden secrets on the moon which could help us to better understand it, and we can make a permanent human base on our natural satellites.