The topic is almost a platitude today. Its basic concept cannot be denied and in the present-day context, the equality of status between the two genders is no longer a debatable issue. On the contrary aggression presumptuous behaviour among women sometimes oversee society. One feels that the age-old classifications of patriarchal and matriarchal society to be redefined.
Men have dominated, nay, even exploited their superior status through centuries. Some tribes like the Amazonians or some African ethnic varieties and aboriginals in the North East of India are matriarchal. But, perhaps, their women domination does not betray that kind of atrocity of human behaviour as in cases of male domination.
In short, women are still on the darker side of the penumbra. But their awakening today can not be gainsaid, although undoubtedly our society lacks the courage and charity to concede them their rights in the parliament.
Women have been grossly neglected in the race for life through social injustice and because of rank social laws and customs. But today they are not content to remain indoors. The greater world of life and light has drawn them out of their dark confinement and they have struck. The renaissance has changed and is still changing the complexion if the nations.’ socio-political’ life.’ Fast-food’, ‘fast-life’-characteristic phrase of today that is used with as lighting sneer-is, in fact, a sequel to this changed life. Women rub shoulders with men in offices, games and agitations, and in consequence, kitchen -culture is not able to retain its old essence.
How this feature of ‘equality -in-status is emerging as a great matter for sociological research, no doubt. But the goal is yet afar. It will not do merely to concede rights to the weaker section. The great need is far a consciousness among them of their importance in society. They need to be educated, to be initiated into the great truth that their enlightenment is the first and foremost step in the building of a healthy civilisation.
Another important facet of the issue needs emphasis. The phrase in the proposed question is not so innocent as it looks. The rudiments of civics entrail that rights and responsibilities are interrelated; it applies to both sexes. Here the males appear to be defaulters. Right to families, on institutions, to education, to justice and many other bodies that constitute our life at large in this world.imply also duties and responsibilities towards the same. Women have long been relegated into the shunt-yard in life’s journey. They have borne silently this dumb cattle-like existence. But now there. is a thaw, a deluge that has broken into their suicidal sleep.
It is impossible to bring about this equation as in the two halves in a sum of the equation. The plus-minus factor is here inevitable. The. days are not far-it maybe a century or half a century- when the neglected and harassed partner in the race would ride roughly shod over its another half. It is not due to any revolution. It is the law of evolution that had as its watchwords the struggle for existence’ and ‘the survival of the fittest’.No longer can men bask in their rights; they have to be vigilant lest women steal a march on them. And in this vigilance will achieve a balance and harmony that is the most ideal kind of existence.

Environment is a place critically place around us,if we go through the dictionary meaning then it will include each and every thing which somehow related to our life. It can be living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) things. It includes physical, chemical and other natural forces. Living things live in their environment. They constantly interact with it and adapt themselves to conditions in their environment. In the environment there are different interactions between animals, plants, soil, water, and other living and non-living things.

A person’s beliefs and actions depend on his environment. Modern people mostly think it is wrong to own slaves. But in Jefferson’s and Caesar’s environments slavery was normal. So, their actions did not look as wrong in their societies. Its simple definition is:

Interaction between human and environment in the past.

Although it is the surviving medium for all the organism ,but our need and greed have ruined it and pushing it to the dark line future

Below are the discussed aspects:-

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious global challenges. Wild-type organisms have a slower degradation rate of hazardous materials. Currently, advanced molecular biology tools along with conventional approaches allow us to rapidly degrade or accumulate hazardous materials from environments. This can help modify microorganisms to gain the ability to sense and degrade hazardous chemicals from contaminated sites, in turn, allowing us to grow vegetation and improve crop productivity. In this chapter, conventional and advanced molecular biology tools for the removal and detoxification of contaminants from soil and water to improve environmental conditions are highlighted.

1.Pollution Science

Environmental pollution is the unfavorable alteration of our surroundings, wholly or largely as a byproduct of man’s actions, through direct or indirect effects of the changes in the energy pattern, radiation levels, and chemical and physical constitution and abundance of organisms. Environmental pollution is a global problem and is common to both developed as well as developing countries, which attracts the attention of human beings for its severe long-term consequences. The decline in environmental quality as a consequence of pollution is evidenced by loss of vegetation, biological diversity, excessive amounts of harmful chemicals in the ambient atmosphere and in food grains, and growing risks of environmental accidents and threats to life support systems.

Depending on the nature of pollutants and also subsequent pollution of environmental components, the pollution may be categorized as follows:

1.Air Pollution

2.Water Pollution

3.Soil/Land Pollution

4.Noise Pollution

5.Radioactive Pollution

Pollution affect on human health

According to WHO

As the world gets hotter and more crowded, our engines continue to pump out dirty emissions, and half the world has no access to clean fuels or technologies (e.g. stoves, lamps), the very air we breathe is growing dangerously polluted: nine out of ten people now breathe polluted air, which kills 7 million people every year.

The health effects of air pollution are serious – one third of deaths from stroke, lung cancer and heart disease are due to air pollution. This is having an equivalent effect to that of smoking tobacco, and much higher than, say, the effects of eating too much salt.Facebook live: special talk on climate change with Arnold Schwarzenegger
Air pollution is hard to escape, no matter how rich an area you live in. It is all around us. Microscopic pollutants in the air can slip past our body’s defences, penetrating deep into our respiratory and circulatory system, damaging our lungs, heart and brain.

Air pollution is closely linked to climate change – the main driver of climate change is fossil fuel combustion which is also a major contributor to air pollution – and efforts to mitigate one can improve the other. This month, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warned that coal-fired electricity must end by 2050 if we are to limit global warming rises to 1.5C. If not, we may see a major climate crisis in just 20 years. 

Meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement to combat climate change could save about a million lives a year worldwide by 2050 through reductions in air pollution alone. The economic benefits from tackling air pollution are significant: in the 15 countries that emit the most greenhouse gas emissions, the health impacts of air pollution are estimated to cost more than 4% of their GDP. 

“The true cost of climate change is felt in our hospitals and in our lungs. The health burden of polluting energy sources is now so high, that moving to cleaner and more sustainable choices for energy supply, transport and food systems effectively pays for itself,” says Dr Maria Neira, WHO Director of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health.

Air Pollution Effects

We release a variety of chemicals into the atmosphere when we burn the fossil fuels we use every day. We breathe air to live and what we breathe has a direct impact on our health.

1. Breathing polluted air puts you at a higher risk for asthma and other respiratory diseases.
2. When exposed to ground ozone for 6 to 7 hours, scientific evidence show that healthy people’s lung function decreased and they suffered from respiratory inflammation.
3. Air pollutants are mostly carcinogens and living in a polluted area can put people at risk of Cancer.
4. Coughing and wheezing are common symptoms observed on city folks.
5. Damages the immune system, endocrine and reproductive systems.
6. High levels of particle pollution have been associated with higher incidents of heart problems.
7. The burning of fossil fuels and the release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are causing the Earth to become warmer. Read about the effects of Global Warming here.
8. The toxic chemicals released into the air settle into plants and water sources. Animals eat the contaminated plants and drink the water. The poison then travels up the food chain – to us.

Breathing polluted air puts you at a higher risk for asthma and other respiratory diseases.

When exposed to ground ozone for 6 to 7 hours, scientific evidence show that healthy people’s lung function decreased and they suffered from respiratory inflammation.

Air pollutants are mostly carcinogens and living in a polluted area can put people at risk of Cancer.

Coughing and wheezing are common symptoms observed on city folks.

Damages the immune system, endocrine and reproductive systems.

High levels of particle pollution have been associated with higher incidents of heart problems.

The burning of fossil fuels and the release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are causing the Earth to become warmer. Read about the effects of Global Warming here.

The toxic chemicals released into the air settle into plants and water sources. Animals eat the contaminated plants and drink the water. The poison then travels up the food chain –

1. Breathing polluted air puts you at a higher risk for asthma and other respiratory diseases.
2. When exposed to ground ozone for 6 to 7 hours, scientific evidence show that healthy people’s lung function decreased and they suffered from respiratory inflammation.
3. Air pollutants are mostly carcinogens and living in a polluted area can put people at risk of Cancer.
4. Coughing and wheezing are common symptoms observed on city folks.
5. Damages the immune system, endocrine and reproductive systems.
6. High levels of particle pollution have been associated with higher incidents of heart problems.
7. The burning of fossil fuels and the release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are causing the Earth to become warmer. Read about the effects of Global Warming here.
8. The toxic chemicals released into the air settle into plants and water sources. Animals eat the contaminated plants and drink the water. The poison then travels up the food chain – to us.

We live in an ecosystem where the action of one has the potential to affect the many. This can be a good or a bad thing, depending on what the action is. Our mistakes has polluted the environment that we live in and we are waking up and owning to the fact. We are trying to reverse the damage. The good news is that every positive action counts. The small effort you make towards a greener environment can start a healing ripple effect. We may still save what is left of our natural resources and make the world a better place to live in for our future

The historical backdrop of espresso goes back to the fifteenth century, and conceivably prior with various reports and legends encompassing its first use. The most punctual validated proof of either espresso drinking or information on the espresso tree is from the mid fifteenth century, in the Sufi religious communities of Yemen, spreading soon to Mecca and Cairo. By the sixteenth century, it had arrived at the remainder of the Middle East, South India (Karnataka), Persia, Turkey, the Horn of Africa, and northern Africa. Espresso at that point spread to the Balkans, Italy, and to the remainder of Europe, just as Southeast Asia and afterward to America,in spite of bans forced during the fifteenth century by strict pioneers in Mecca and Cairo, and later by the Catholic Church.

Historical background

“Coffee” entered the English language in 1582 by means of the Dutch koffie, acquired from the Ottoman Turkish kahve, thusly obtained from the Arabic qahwah

The Arabic word qahwah initially alluded to a sort of wine, whose derivation is given by Arab etymologists as getting from the action word qahā concerning the beverage’s notoriety for being a craving suppressant. The word qahwah is in some cases on the other hand followed to the Arabic quwwa (“force, vitality”), or to Kaffa, a medieval realm in Ethiopia whence the plant was sent out to Arabia. These historical backgrounds for qahwah have all been contested, nonetheless. The name qahwah isn’t utilized for the berry or plant (the results of the area), which are referred to in Arabic as bunn and in Somali and Oromo as būn. Semitic dialects had the root qhh, “dull shading”, which turned into a characteristic assignment for the refreshment. As indicated by this investigation, the female structure qahwah (likewise signifying “dim in shading, dull was likely picked to resemble the ladylike khamr , and initially signified “the dim one”

First use

There are a few amazing records of the starting point of the beverage itself. . Different records quality the disclosure of espresso to Sheik Abu al-Hasan debris Shadhili’s supporter, Omar. As per the antiquated annal (saved in the Abd-Al-Kadir original copy), Omar, who was known for his capacity to fix the wiped out through supplication, was once ousted from Mecca to a desert cavern close Ousab. Starving, Omar bit berries from close by greenery, however saw them as harsh. He had a go at broiling the beans to improve the flavor, yet they turned out to be hard. He at that point took a stab at bubbling them to mellow the bean, which brought about a fragrant earthy colored fluid. After drinking the fluid Omar was rejuvenated and continued for quite a long time. As accounts of this “marvel sedate” arrived at Mecca, Omar was approached to return and was made a saint.

Investigations of hereditary decent variety have been performed on Coffea arabica assortments, which were seen as of low decent variety yet with maintenance of some lingering heterozygosity from familial materials, and firmly related diploid species Coffea canephora and C. liberica; be that as it may, no immediate proof has ever been found showing where in Africa espresso developed or who among the locals may have utilized it as an energizer or thought about it there sooner than the seventeenth century.The first trained espresso plant is said to have been from Harar, and the local populace is believed to be gotten from Ethiopia with unmistakable close by populaces in Sudan and Kenya.

Espresso was basically expended in the Islamic existence where it began and was legitimately identified with strict practices. For instance, espresso helped its shoppers quick in the day and remain conscious around evening time, during the Muslim festival of Ramadan

Europe Coffee was first acquainted with Europe on the island of Malta in the sixteenth century. It was presented there through subjection. Turkish Muslim slaves had been detained by the Knights of St John in 1565—the time of the Great Siege of Malta, and they used to make their conventional refreshment. Domenico Magri referenced in his work Virtu del Kafé, “Turks, most skilful producers of this mixture.” Also the German explorer Gustav Sommerfeldt in 1663 stated “the capacity and enterprising nature with which the Turkish detainees win some cash, particularly by getting ready espresso, a powder taking after snuff tobacco, with water and sugar.” Coffee was a famous refreshment in Maltese high society—numerous cafés opened.

Espresso was additionally noted in Aleppo by the German doctor botanist Leonhard Rauwolf, the main European to specify it, as chaube, in 1573; Rauwolf was firmly trailed by depictions from other European travellers.

https://www.duupdates.in/du-exams-duagainstonlineexam-students-and-teachers-toiling-to-get-obe-scrapped/

Pattikonda:01/07/2020

In area of kurnool district,The Farmers are ready to cultivate their land.Yesterday,The heavy Rain brings smile and Joy to them. As it Monsoon season They are eagerly waiting for rain.In the scale of ppm it’s record as 4.0 mm rainfall. In the Mandal of pattikonda,the rainfall record as highest of 6.7mm.

Farmers begin their field works and ready to sowing seeds and cultivating farm for plant. They planning to plant vegetables as well as oil seeds

Majorly,They are interested in harvest cotton and groundnut in this season. Nearly,1.0 lakh hectares are used to both of these crops. The shops of fertilizers and government subsidies are ready to sell seeds and demanding some high prices

Source: village farmers