A study published in Psychological Science found that green pathways, green stretch, spaces, parks and gardens in high density city areas have the power to enhance the quality of life and the well-being of those who live there. People, who live in greener environment – where trees are grown, are happier than their counterparts who stay in tree-less environments.

The rapid pace of urbanization owing to the rural–urban migration is putting lot of strain on the urban infrastructure in cities. But seeing greener patches in the concrete jungles sooth the eyes and minds both. Privacy goes for a toss in cities; but, well-placed plantings offer privacy and tranquility by keeping the noise and harsh sunlight in the afternoons and glare of vehicle headlights in evenings. Gardening in your small terrace, windows, or flowerbeds in your gallery contribute to healthy, active living both physically and emotionally. Horticulture therapists have discovered that gardening provides a form of emotional expression and release. Seeing your plants growing taller and greener gives immense happiness.

In a study done by the American Institutes for Research, a group of sixth graders attended outdoor school for six weeks, while another group did not. During the outdoor programme, students did hands-on activities like searching for aquatic insects in a stream and identifying tree species and drawing conclusions on the “health” of a forest.  At the end of the programme, the students, teachers and parents were surveyed. The group that did the outdoor education rated better in self-esteem, conflict resolution, relationship with peers, problem solving, motivation to learn and behavior in class. The children who attended outdoor school also had an improved Science score, measured by a pre & post test. This study measured how ‘green’ the children’s homes were, stressful life events (such as being bullied in school, relocating to another home or fighting with one’s parents), and how well they coped with these events. Nearby nature was found to buffer the effects of stressful life events on children’s psychological distress

Doctors have shown that people recover faster in a hospital when given a landscape view, rather than seeing only the walls of adjoining buildings. If you can manage to make gardening your hobby it acts as a as the perfect antidote to the modern world; as it is a perfect way of reclaiming some of the intangible things we have lost in our busy lives.

These days, due to scarcity of place, Hydroponic gardening is becoming famous in cities. This style of gardening uses no soil; rather, plant roots are suspended in specially formulated clay pellets and bathed with liquid nutrients. This keeps roots tightly compacted, which allows you to hang dozens of growing plants in a single window. You can build your own hydroponic garden using recycled materials or purchase kits available in the market.

A garden is a grand teacher. It teaches patience and careful watchfulness; it teaches industry and thrift; above all it teaches entire trust. _ Martin Christopher

From the early ages of our history we have been hearing about the 3 categories of the people, The rich, The poor and The middle class. Then and as of now we have been hearing the same thing! Even till this date this haven’t seemed to be changed. And as this unstoppable pandemic hit us hard, everything has been shut and taken a pause. And this crisis, this pandemic has taught us that having lavish cars, houses and jewellery can’t save us from being hit by the pandemic and in such crucial time only basic things serves and are required. All the lavish and luxurious things won’t save us!! To this unsympathetic pandemic there is no such differences as of rich, poor and middle class. It will knock every door irrespective of what is their status of living. Whether you are rich, poor or middle class this is not going to serve sympathy on you. Everyone is going to suffer but the most sufferers are The middle class people.

Let’s see the impact of this pandemic on the different class of people.

The rich- speaking about them then let us see how the pandemic has an affect on them. When this world wide spreaded pandemic hit India as well then it was decided to shut the entire country except the groceries stores, medical stores etc., But there is no major impact on them as they have everything in their hand. This does not affect them at the first place, they have already earned enough that they don’t have to worry. Inspite of that they may be earning the passive income. Instead they are getting richer day by day as the ‘Stock/Share Market’ plays a important role in their life, they need to invest in good companies who has a goodwill in the market and is predicted to do well in the future. Due to the strike of coronavirus the market has fallen drastically so they have good opportunity of investing in them and earning a good sum of money. This is how the pandemic had an affect of it on The Rich people. There is two things a person is worried off, The money and the fame, reputation. Talking about the riches they already have earned and only thing matters to them is their reputation in the world. There are some exceptions under this category, there are several people who being rich are helping those who are in need.

The poor- When the economy has a huge decline in serving people suffering through pandemic, poorers or the ones below the poverty line has been affected through pandemic but not as much as of middle class group. As government is providing free medication to the sufferers of the deadly virus, then poor who have been affected through it can get the free medication. Also several states government has introduced schemes for the poor’s. The white ration card schemes, giving free cylinders, 500 rs to those holding jan dhan account etc., There are more schemes than mentioned above. And people are getting benefits from them. For the poor people, money matters and there are some people who don’t care for the reputation but to earn some amount of money to meet their daily requirements, atleast to have 2 time meals daily. When the pandemic and the starvation both hit them hard then reputation won’t matter to them. And it should not even matter because living is more important than reputation.

The middle class- here comes the main sufferers. They are the ones who always get stabbed. And so is in this case, even pandemic hit them really hard. They have to pay the rent, the electricity bill, tax to the government directly or indirectly, school; tuition; institutions fees, Incase they took any kind of loan then paying back with interest these all what comes in the hand of a middle class person. They have no business running! Employees have to work from home for the half salary. They are earning or not irrespective of that they have to pay for all those mentioned above and the list is long enough to be mentioned. The life of middle class has been turned into hell. They can’t invest in shares as it contains high risk and they aren’t even introduced to any schemes which actually will help them in this crisis. It looks as if the middle class people are earning for others and not for their family. Whatever they are getting in hand is unexpectedly gets outlayed. But these are only my opinions so no offence. There may be other way round but this is what I have seen till date!!

Scientists of NASA revealed that Titan the largest moon of Saturn is moving away from the planet 100 times faster than previously believed.

Every moon – like ours which moves 1.5 inches (3.8 centimeters) away from earth each year-moves a bit from its planet. As a moon orbits, its gravity pulls on the planet, causing a temporary bulge in the planet as it passes.

scientists thought that they knew the speed with which the titan is drifting away from the ringed planet.

But after the recent data collected by NASA’ s Cassini spacecraft, scientists discovered that Titan is moving away from the planet a hundred times faster than they thought, which is about 4 inches (11 centimeters) per year.

Cassini mission is a joint venture of NASA, ESA (the European Space Agency), and the Italian space agency (ASI).

It is a robotic spacecraft, which was sent to study the mysterious Saturn, its complex rings, and the moon in detail.

The spacecraft carried a probe called Huygens which was parachuted on the surface of Titan in January 2005.

Since then Cassini has discovered a lot about the mysteries of the gas giant and its moon.

The second-largest planet in the solar system Saturn is the most complex and mysterious. This finding of the moon of the planet will help the scientists to know more about it.

While scientists know that Saturn formed 4.6 billion years ago in the early days of the solar system, but they are uncertain when the planet’s complex rings and its system of the moons formed.
Saturn has more than 80 moons.

Titan, One of the moons of Saturn is as interesting as its planet. With 150 known moons of our solar system, It is the only one with a substantial atmosphere.It is larger than the planet mercury.

The second-largest moon, after Ganymede in our solar system, Titan is the only place besides Earth known to have liquids in the form of rivers, lakes, and seas on its surface.

It is currently 759,000 miles (1.2 million kilometers) from Saturn.

The revised rate of its drift suggests that the moon started much closer to Saturn, which would mean the whole system expanded more quickly than previously believed.

“This result brings an important new piece of the puzzle for the highly debated question of the age of the Saturn system and how its moons formed,” said Valery Lainey, lead author of the work published June 8 in Nature Astronomy.

He researched as a scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California before joining the Paris Observatory at PSL University.

This discovery of Titan’s rate of drift explains and predicts how planets affect their moon’s orbit.

For the past 50 years, scientists have applied the formula which was based on classical theories for every moon whether it is a small or a large one.

These theories assumed that the moons, which orbit farther from their host planet’s gravity like Titan migrated outward more slowly than the one which orbits in the close vicinity of their host planet.

“The new measurements imply that these kinds of planet-moon interactions can be more prominent than prior expectations and that they can apply to many systems, such as other planetary moon systems, exoplanets — those outside our solar system — and even binary star systems, where stars orbit each other,” said Fuller, a coauthor of the new paper.

To reach their results, the authors mapped stars in the background of Cassini images and tracked Titan’s position.

To confirm their findings, they compared them with an independent dataset: radio science data collected by Cassini. During ten close flybys between 2006 and 2016, the spacecraft sent radio waves to Earth.

Scientists studied how the signal’s frequency was changed by their interactions with their surroundings to estimate how Titan’s orbit evolved.

“By using two completely different datasets, we obtained results that are in full agreement, and also in agreement with Jim Fuller’s theory, which predicted a much faster migration of Titan,” said coauthor Paolo Tortora, of the Italy’s University of Bologna.

Tortora is a member of the Cassini Radio Science team and worked on the research with the support of the Italian Space Agency.

In a significant turn of events NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), researchers discovered high energy particles erupting from ice in the Antarctic region. Researchers are of the view that these particles are proof of the possibility of the parallel world theory.

What is ANITA?
ANITA (Antarctic impulsive transient antenna) is a radio telescope designed by NASA to detect ultra high-frequency cosmic-ray neutrinos from a scientific balloon flying over Antarctica. ANITA is that the first NASA observatory for neutrinos of any kind.
The neutrinos have energies on the order of 1018 eV and are capable of producing radio pulses in the ice due to the Askaryan effect. Experts believed that high-energy cosmic neutrinos result from the interaction of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays(1020 eV) with the photons of the cosmic microwave background radiation. This is the main reason why it was hoped that ANITA can help in explaining the origin of these cosmic rays
ANITA-I, launched from McMurdo, Antarctica in 2006 and ANITA-II, a modified version of ANITA-I with 40 antennas, was launched from McMurdo Station in 2008. The researchers then launched ANITA-III, which was equipped with systems to improve sensitivity by a factor of 5–10, in December 2014. ANITA-IV was launched in December 2016 with tunable notch filters and an improved trigger system.
As per reports, ANITA has made four flights of Antarctica continent and succeeded to detect numerous cosmic rays coming from the sky within the field of view of this experiment. These radio waves are created by cosmic ray air showers and are reflected off the ice before they reach ANITA.

Why Study Neutrinos?
Neutrinos interest astrophysicists a lot as they are the only particle that can reach earth unattenuated (not reduced, weakened, or lessened in amount) at all energies. This is particularly of interest at high energies where other particles and photon interacts with the photons of the microwave background disallowing them to propagate and survive over long astrophysical distances. It is said – if you want to see the ultra-high energy universe, you should view it through the “light” of neutrinos

What is the Askaryan Effect?
The Askaryan effect is that the phenomenon where a particle traveling faster than the phase velocity of sunshine during a dense dielectric medium (such as salt, ice) produces a shower of secondary charged particles which contain a charge anisotropy and therefore emits a cone of coherent radiation inform of radio or microwave. Generally speaking, it is based on the Cherenkov effect.
High energy processes such as Compton, Bhabha, and Moller scattering in correspondence to positron annihilation rapidly lead to about a 20%-30% negative charge asymmetry in the electron-photon part of a cascade. Since the dimensions of the clump of charged particles are small in comparison to the wavelength of the radio waves, the shower radiates coherent radio Cherenkov radiation whose power is proportional to the square of the net charge in the shower. The net charge in the shower is directly proportional to the primary energy so the radiated power scales quadratically with the shower energy,

A leading researcher stated that the phenomenon is “in strong contradiction with the standard model of physics” and it was recorded by NASA’s Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA).
Earlier, findings were discarded terming them as glitches!
ANITA was successful in detecting the ‘fountain’ of high-energy particles in 2006 and 2014 as well but the researchers initially rejected the findings as background noise or glitches. Lead researcher and University of Hawai Physics Professor Peter Gorham reported that in 2016 the researchers conducted a closer inspection of the data and found phenomenon resembling an “upside-down cosmic-ray shower”.
Please read:-
• https://www.phys.hawaii.edu/~jgl/nuastron.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askaryan_radiation