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Beauty of uttarakhand 😍

0111Sat, 11 Jul 2020 00:01:01 +0530 Sakshi bharari

उत्तराखण्ड (पूर्व नाम उत्तरांचल), उत्तर भारत में स्थित एक राज्य है जिसका निर्माण ९ नवम्बर २००० को कई वर्षों के आन्दोलन के पश्चात भारत गणराज्य के सत्ताइसवें राज्य के रूप में किया गया था। सन २००० से २००६ तक यह उत्तरांचल के नाम से जाना जाता था। जनवरी २००७ में स्थानीय लोगों की भावनाओं को ध्यान में रखते हुए राज्य का आधिकारिक नाम बदलकर उत्तराखण्ड कर दिया गया। राज्य की सीमाएँ उत्तर में तिब्बत और पूर्व में नेपाल से लगी हैं। पश्चिम में हिमाचल प्रदेश और दक्षिण में उत्तर प्रदेश इसकी सीमा से लगे राज्य हैं। सन २००० में अपने गठन से पूर्व यह उत्तर प्रदेश का एक भाग था। पारम्परिक हिन्दू ग्रन्थों और प्राचीन साहित्य में इस क्षेत्र का उल्लेख उत्तराखण्ड के रूप में किया गया है। हिन्दी और संस्कृत में उत्तराखण्ड का अर्थ उत्तरी क्षेत्र या भाग होता है। राज्य में हिन्दू धर्म की पवित्रतम और भारत की सबसे बड़ी नदियों गंगा और यमुना के उद्गम स्थल क्रमशः गंगोत्री और यमुनोत्री तथा इनके तटों पर बसे वैदिक संस्कृति के कई महत्त्वपूर्ण तीर्थस्थान हैं।देहरादून, उत्तराखण्ड की अन्तरिम राजधानी होने के साथ इस राज्य का सबसे बड़ा नगर है। गैरसैण नामक एक छोटे से कस्बे को इसकी भौगोलिक स्थिति को देखते हुए भविष्य की राजधानी के रूप में प्रस्तावित किया गया है किन्तु विवादों और संसाधनों के अभाव के चलते अभी भी देहरादून अस्थाई राजधानी बना हुआ है।राज्य का उच्च न्यायालय नैनीताल में है।राज्य सरकार ने हाल ही में हस्तशिल्प और हथकरघा उद्योगों को बढ़ावा देने के लिये कुछ पहल की हैं। साथ ही बढ़ते पर्यटन व्यापार तथा उच्च तकनीकी वाले उद्योगों को प्रोत्साहन देने के लिए आकर्षक कर योजनायें प्रस्तुत की हैं। राज्य में कुछ विवादास्पद किन्तु वृहत बाँध परियोजनाएँ भी हैं जिनकी पूरे देश में कई बार आलोचनाएँ भी की जाती रही हैं, जिनमें विशेष है भागीरथी-भीलांगना नदियों पर बनने वाली टिहरी बाँध परियोजना। इस परियोजना की कल्पना १९५३ मे की गई थी और यह अन्ततः २००७ में बनकर तैयार हुआ। उत्तराखण्ड, चिपको आन्दोलन के जन्मस्थान के नाम से भी जाना जाता है।फुरसती, साहसिक और धार्मिक पर्यटन उत्तराखण्ड की अर्थव्यस्था में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं, जैसे जिम कॉर्बेट राष्ट्रीय उद्यान और बाघ संरक्षण-क्षेत्र और नैनीताल, अल्मोड़ा, कसौनी, भीमताल, रानीखेत और मसूरी जैसे निकट के पहाड़ी पर्यटन स्थल जो भारत के सर्वाधिक पधारे जाने वाले पर्यटन स्थलों में हैं। पर्वतारोहियों के लिए राज्य में कई चोटियाँ हैं, जिनमें से नंदा देवी, सबसे ऊँची चोटी है और १९८२ से अबाध्य है। अन्य राष्टीय आश्चर्य हैं फूलों की घाटी, जो नंदा देवी के साथ मिलकर यूनेस्को विश्व धरोहर स्थल है।उत्तराखण्ड में, जिसे “देवभूमि” भी कहा जाता है, हिन्दू धर्म के कुछ सबसे पवित्र तीर्थस्थान है और हज़ार वर्षों से भी अधिक समय से तीर्थयात्री मोक्ष और पाप शुद्धिकरण की खोज में यहाँ आ रहे हैं। गंगोत्री और यमुनोत्री, को क्रमशः गंगा और यमुना नदियों के उदग्म स्थल हैं, केदारनाथ (भगवान शिव को समर्पित) और बद्रीनाथ (भगवान विष्णु को समर्पित) के साथ मिलकर उत्तराखण्ड के छोटा चार धाम बनाते हैं, जो हिन्दू धर्म के पवित्रतम परिपथ में से एक है। हरिद्वार के निकट स्थित ऋषिकेश भारत में योग क एक प्रमुख स्थल है और जो हरिद्वार के साथ मिलकर एक पवित्र हिन्दू तीर्थ स्थल है।हरिद्वार में संध्या आरती के समय हर की पौड़ी का एक दृश्य।हरिद्वार में प्रति बारह वर्षों में कुम्भ मेले का आयोजन किया जाता है जिसमें देश-विदेश से आए करोड़ो श्रद्धालू भाग लेते हैं। राज्य में मंदिरों और तीर्थस्थानों की बहुतायत है, जो स्थानीय देवताओं या शिवजी या दुर्गाजी के अवतारों को समर्पित हैं और जिनका सन्दर्भ हिन्दू धर्मग्रन्थों और गाथाओं में मिलता है। इन मन्दिरों का वास्तुशिल्प स्थानीय प्रतीकात्मक है और शेष भारत से थोड़ा भिन्न है। जागेश्वर में स्थित प्राचीन मन्दिर (देवदार वृक्षों से घिरा हुआ १२४ मन्दिरों का प्राणंग) एतिहासिक रूप से अपनी वास्तुशिल्प विशिष्टता के कारण सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण हैं। तथापि, उत्तराखण्ड केवल हिन्दुओं के लिए ही तीर्थाटन स्थल नहीं है। हिमालय की गोद में स्थित हेमकुण्ड साहिब, सिखों का तीर्थ स्थल है। मिंद्रोलिंग मठ और उसके बौद्ध स्तूप से यहाँ तिब्बती बौद्ध धर्म की भी उपस्थिति है।पर्यटन स्थलउत्तराखण्ड में बहुत से पर्यटन स्थल है जहाँ पर भारत ही नहीं बल्कि पूरी दुनिया से पर्यटक आते हैं, जैसे नैनीताल और मसूरी। राज्य के प्रमुख पर्यटन स्थल हैं:केदारनाथ नैनीताल गंगोत्री यमुनोत्री बद्रीनाथ अल्मोड़ा ऋषिकेश हेमकुण्ड साहिब नानकमत्ताफूलों की घाटी मसूरी देहरादून हरिद्वारऔलीचक राता रानीखेत बागेश्वर भीमताल कौसानीलैंसडाउनरहन-सहनउत्तराखण्ड एक पहाड़ी प्रदेश है। यहाँ ठण्ड बहुत होती है इसलिए यहाँ लोगों के मकान पक्के होते हैं। दीवारें पत्थरों की होती है। पुराने घरों के ऊपर से पत्थर बिछाए जाते हैं। वर्तमान में लोग सीमेण्ट का उपयोग करने लग गए है। अधिकतर घरों में रात को रोटी तथा दिन में भात (चावल) खाने का प्रचलन है। लगभग हर महीने कोई न कोई त्योहार मनाया जाता है। त्योहार के बहाने अधिकतर घरों में समय-समय पर पकवान बनते हैं। स्थानीय स्तर पर उगाई जाने वाली गहत, रैंस, भट्ट आदि दालों का प्रयोग होता है। प्राचीन समय में मण्डुवा व झुंगोरा स्थानीय मोटा अनाज होता था। अब इनका उत्पादन बहुत कम होता है। अब लोग बाजार से गेहूं व चावल खरीदते हैं। कृषि के साथ पशुपालन लगभग सभी घरों में होता है। घर में उत्पादित अनाज कुछ ही महीनों के लिए पर्याप्त होता है। कस्बों के समीप के लोग दूध का व्यवसाय भी करते हैं। पहाड़ के लोग बहुत परिश्रमी होते है। पहाड़ों को काट-काटकर सीढ़ीदार खेत बनाने का काम इनके परिश्रम को प्रदर्शित भी करता है। पहाड़ में अधिकतर श्रमिक भी पढ़े-लिखे है, चाहे कम ही पढ़े हों। इस कारण इस राज्य की साक्षरता दर भी राष्ट्रीय औसत से कहीं अधिक है।त्यौहारशेष भारत के समान ही उत्तराखण्ड में पूरे वर्षभर उत्सव मनाए जाते हैं। भारत के प्रमुख उत्सवों जैसे दीपावली, होली, दशहरा इत्यादि के अतिरिक्त यहाँ के कुछ स्थानीय त्योहार हैं।देवीधुरा मेला (देवीधुरा, चम्पावत)पूर्णागिरी मेला (टनकपुर, चम्पावत)नन्दा देवी मेला (अल्मोड़ा)गौचर मेला (गौचर, चमोली)वैशाखी (उत्तरकाशी)माघ मेला (उत्तरकाशी)उत्तरायणी मेला (बागेश्वर)विशु मेला (जौनसार बावर)हरेला (कुमाऊँ)गंगा दशहरानन्दा देवी राजजात यात्रा जो हर बारहवें वर्ष होती हैखानपानइन्हें भी देखें: पहाड़ी खाना एवं भारतीय खानाउत्तराखण्डी खानपान का अर्थ राज्य के दोनों मण्डलों, कुमाऊँ और गढ़वाल, के खानपान से है। पारम्परिक उत्तराखण्डी खानपान बहुत पौष्टिक और बनाने में सरल होता है। प्रयुक्त होने वाली सामग्री सुगमता से किसी भी स्थानीय भारतीय किराना दुकान में मिल जाती है।यहाँ के कुछ विशिष्ट खानपान हैआलू टमाटर का झोलचैंसूझोईकापिलूमंण्डुए की रोटीपीनालू की सब्जीबथुए का पराँठाबाल मिठाईसिसौंण का सागगौहोत की दालवेशभूषापारम्परिक रूप से उत्तराखण्ड की महिलायें घाघरा तथा आँगड़ी, तथा पुरूष चूड़ीदार पजामा व कुर्ता पहनते थे। अब इनका स्थान पेटीकोट, ब्लाउज व साड़ी ने ले लिया है। जाड़ों (सर्दियों) में ऊनी कपड़ों का उपयोग होता है। विवाह आदि शुभ कार्यो के अवसर पर कई क्षेत्रों में अभी भी सनील का घाघरा पहनने की परम्परा है। गले में गलोबन्द, चर्‌यो, जै माला, नाक में नथ, कानों में कर्णफूल, कुण्डल पहनने की परम्परा है। सिर में शीषफूल, हाथों में सोने या चाँदी के पौंजी तथा पैरों में बिछुए, पायजेब, पौंटा पहने जाते हैं। घर परिवार के समारोहों में ही आभूषण पहनने की परम्परा है। विवाहित औरत की पहचान गले में चरेऊ पहनने से होती है। विवाह इत्यादि शुभ अवसरों पर पिछौड़ा पहनने का भी यहाँ चलन आम है।लोक कलाएँलोक कला की दृष्टि से उत्तराखण्ड बहुत समृद्ध है। घर की सजावट में ही लोक कला सबसे पहले देखने को मिलती है। दशहरा, दीपावली, नामकरण, जनेऊ आदि शुभ अवसरों पर महिलाएँ घर में ऐंपण (अल्पना) बनाती है। इसके लिए घर, ऑंगन या सीढ़ियों को गेरू से लीपा जाता है। चावल को भिगोकर उसे पीसा जाता है। उसके लेप से आकर्षक चित्र बनाए जाते हैं। विभिन्न अवसरों पर नामकरण चौकी, सूर्य चौकी, स्नान चौकी, जन्मदिन चौकी, यज्ञोपवीत चौकी, विवाह चौकी, धूमिलअर्ध्य चौकी, वर चौकी, आचार्य चौकी, अष्टदल कमल, स्वास्तिक पीठ, विष्णु पीठ, शिव पीठ, शिव शक्ति पीठ, सरस्वती पीठ आदि परम्परागत रूप से गाँव की महिलाएँ स्वयं बनाती है। इनका कहीं प्रशिक्षण नहीं दिया जाता है। हरेले आदि पर्वों पर मिट्टी के डिकारे बनाए जाते है। ये डिकारे भगवान के प्रतीक माने जाते है। इनकी पूजा की जाती है। कुछ लोग मिट्टी की अच्छी-अच्छी मूर्तियाँ (डिकारे) बना लेते हैं। यहाँ के घरों को बनाते समय भी लोक कला प्रदर्षित होती है। पुराने समय के घरों के दरवाजों व खिड़कियों को लकड़ी की सजावट के साथ बनाया जाता रहा है। दरवाजों के चौखट पर देवी-देवताओं, हाथी, शेर, मोर आदि के चित्र नक्काशी करके बनाए जाते है। पुराने समय के बने घरों की छत पर चिड़ियों के घोंसलें बनाने के लिए भी स्थान छोड़ा जाता था। नक्काशी व चित्रकारी पारम्परिक रूप से आज भी होती है। इसमें समय काफी लगता है। वैश्वीकरण के दौर में आधुनिकता ने पुरानी कला को अलविदा कहना प्रारम्भ कर दिया। अल्मोड़ा सहित कई स्थानों में आज भी काष्ठ कला देखने को मिलती है। उत्तराखण्ड के प्राचीन मन्दिरों, नौलों में पत्थरों को तराश कर (काटकर) विभिन्न देवी-देवताओं के चित्र बनाए गए है। प्राचीन गुफाओं तथा उड्यारों में भी शैल चित्र देखने को मिलते हैं।उत्तराखण्ड की लोक धुनें भी अन्य प्रदेशों से भिन्न है। यहाँ के बाद्य यन्त्रों में नगाड़ा, ढोल, दमुआ, रणसिंग, भेरी, हुड़का, बीन, डौंरा, कुरूली, अलगाजा प्रमुख है। ढोल-दमुआ तथा बीन बाजा विशिष्ट वाद्ययन्त्र हैं जिनका प्रयोग आमतौर पर हर आयोजन में किया जाता है। यहाँ के लोक गीतों में न्योली, जोड़, झोड़ा, छपेली, बैर व फाग प्रमुख होते हैं। इन गीतों की रचना आम जनता द्वारा की जाती है। इसलिए इनका कोई एक लेखक नहीं होता है। यहां प्रचलित लोक कथाएँ भी स्थानीय परिवेश पर आधारित है। लोक कथाओं में लोक विश्वासों का चित्रण, लोक जीवन के दुःख दर्द का समावेश होता है। भारतीय साहित्य में लोक साहित्य सर्वमान्य है। लोक साहित्य मौखिक साहित्य होता है। इस प्रकार का मौखिक साहित्य उत्तराखण्ड में लोक गाथा के रूप में काफी है। प्राचीन समय में मनोरंजन के साधन नहीं थे। लोकगायक रात भर ग्रामवासियों को लोक गाथाएं सुनाते थे। इसमें मालसाई, रमैल, जागर आदि प्रचलित है। अभी गाँवों में रात्रि में लगने वाले जागर में लोक गाथाएं सुनने को मिलती है। यहां के लोक साहित्य में लोकोक्तियाँ, मुहावरे तथा पहेलियाँ (आंण) आज भी प्रचलन में है। उत्तराखण्ड का छोलिया नृत्य काफी प्रसिद्ध है। इस नृत्य में नृतक लबी-लम्बी तलवारें व गेण्डे की खाल से बनी ढाल लिए युद्ध करते है। यह युद्ध नगाड़े की चोट व रणसिंह के साथ होता है। इससे लगता है यह राजाओं के ऐतिहासिक युद्ध का प्रतीक है। कुछ क्षेत्रों में छोलिया नृत्य ढोल के साथ शृंगारिक रूप से होता है। छोलिया नृत्य में पुरूष भागीदारी होती है। कुमाऊँ तथा गढ़वाल में झुमैला तथा झोड़ा नृत्य होता है। झौड़ा नृत्य में महिलाएँ व पुरूष बहुत बड़े समूह में गोल घेरे में हाथ पकड़कर गाते हुए नृत्य करते है। विभिन्न अंचलों में झोड़ें में लय व ताल में अन्तर देखने को मिलता है। नृत्यों में सर्प नृत्य, पाण्डव नृत्य, जौनसारी, चाँचरी भी प्रमुख है।उत्तराखंड एक् विविधता का दर्शन देता हैं|उत्तराखंड साहि मैं भारत की सही अनुभुती हैं|

Culture and History, Education, Social Studies

COLD WAR: Meaning and Its Origin

3610Fri, 10 Jul 2020 23:36:32 +0530 NIKHIL KUMAR 1 Comment

The concept of the Cold War, born in 1945 after the end of the Second World War, is a fact of international relations that exposes the mutual relations between the US and the Soviet Union. This is a new chapter in post-World War II international relations. It can also be named a new international political development.

The new chapter of friendship between the US and the Soviet Union began during the Second World War, which ended after the war, the mutual differences and feeling of disharmony between the two superpowers grew deeper and the two tried to humiliate each other. Started doing This effort led to a conflict situation rather than cooperation in the diplomatic, cultural, political and social fields in both countries. On the international stage, the two powers went on to accuse each other. In an attempt to prove their supremacy in the international world, both the superpowers started looking for new ways to bring most of the states of the world to their side. This created an atmosphere of unrest all over the world and eventually, the world was divided into two powerful factions – the capitalist bloc and the communist bloc, in which the first led the US and the second led the Soviet Union.

Meaning of cold war

As is clear from its name, it is not a war of arms and weapons but a war confined to threats. There was no real war in this war. It was limited to indirect war only. In this war, both the great powers were dominant in their ideological differences. It was a type of diplomatic war that was based on the efforts of the superpowers in narrow selfishness.

The Cold War was a type of speech war that was used in paper rounds, paper-magazines. Even radio and publicity tools were fought. In this war neither any bullet was fired nor anyone was injured. In this, both the superpowers fought indirect wars in most parts of the world to maintain their suzerainty. All measures to prevent the war from turning into an armistice were also used, it was only a war by diplomatic means in which the two superpowers continued to resort to all measures to degrade each other. The purpose of this war was to strengthen its position by involving the Allies in their respective factions so that in future each could easily cut off the moves of their opposing factions. This war was the final culmination of the mistrust and doubt that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II.

Jawaharlal Nehru defined the Cold War as saying that “this war was a war of suspended capital punishment atmosphere that was more terrible than a heated war.”

Thus it can be said that the Cold War was a speech war between two superpowers based on diplomatic measures. It was a direct expression of the tension created between the two superpowers after World War II. This was more terrible than the actual war, being an ideological war.

Origin of the Cold War

The symptoms of the Cold War started appearing during World War II itself. Both the superpowers were fighting the war keeping in mind their narrow interests and showing the spirit of mutual cooperation. The spirit of cooperation that was visible during the war was beginning to end after the war and the symptoms of the Cold War had begun to emerge, with the two factions becoming stronger complaining of each other. There were some strong grounds for these complaints. These mutual differences were the main causes of the Cold War.

The main reasons for the origin of the Cold War are-

The Soviet Union not following the Yalta Agreement.
The Soviet Union and America’s ideological differences.
Soviet Union’s emergence as a powerful nation.
Soviet Intervention in Iran.
Soviet intervention in Turkey.
Communist spread in Greece.
Second Front Dispute.
Appeasement policy.
The Soviet Union ignores Balkan Agreement.
America’s nuclear program.
Conflicting publicity.
Termination of land-lease agreement.
American support to fascist forces.
Berlin controversy.
Repeated use of veto power by the Soviet Union.
Narrow national interest based on narrow nationalism.

Culture and History, Education, News

MOTHER: THE TRUE WARRIOR

139Thu, 09 Jul 2020 00:13:28 +0530 Sujit Maiti

One-person on the frontline may have different names. When the entire universe bows down and love that person from the bottom of the heart, even if someone criticizes or tries to create rumors, still the word “mother” won’t fade away. The only person who loves without expecting anything in return, there’s nothing; comparatively, it’s priceless and cannot be quantified. She is the person who survives the aftermath of sequences of struggles in her entire life, beginning from discarded as a female child from birth itself.

A newborn in the caring hands of a mother.

Let us talk about the reality of a patriarchal society. Where the voices get suppressed, but now it’s reflected in the reports. According to the World Population 2020 Report released by UNPFA (United Nations Population Fund) conveys that in India, almost one-third of the total missing females in the world accounts for an estimated figure of 45.8 million people. The children below the age of 5 years, where one out of nine females foresees death due to early gender detection.

A girl child with this mother in a rural village in India.

This pandemic may heal nature, but not the people surviving in the nation, an increase in violence and discrimination is likely to be seen as a consequence of no income source. The practice of child marriage may have vanished, but there are still traces of such incidents where they tried to flout the laws. The technology may have been a boon, but when undauntedly used by the culprits to gender bias by ultrasound, it has crashed their compassion and dreams before it ignites.

A proud mother with her three daughters.

The developing countries are already trying to fight problems like reducing poverty, boosting literacy rate, abandoning illegal trade. Additionally, other matter of concern arises like child trafficking and drug abuse are acting as barriers to the roadmap to success. An abundant investment in terms of money as well as time from renowned leaders, influencers can save the lives of the hapless fate of being such a victim of unfortunate events.

One inspirational story I can share is about a small family where a baby girl enters their life. This incident may sound as a non-fictitious story, but in Mumbai, India, where after three years of marriage, god showers happiness as a unique member enters their life. A 32-year old father was happy to see his baby after ten days free of the contamination. The mother was a patient in the COVID ward in Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital. They are safe now and returned thanking the efforts taken by the hospital. These doctors and parents who abide by the guidelines do deserve appreciation rather than criticizing uselessly on the health system. The slow curve can take steady growth any day when we won’t be able to see each other, and the day isn’t too far.

Two mothers in a single frame. Such a beauty.

Even a mother can fall into depression; after all, she is a person like all of us. On a positive note, motherhood is seen over drugs while parenting their children. After testing it on rats, contributes the information in the research related to the infralimbic cortex, which is responsible for emotions, preferred the acceptance towards maternal behavior over other addictions. This action shows immense love for their offspring. We as a part of the nourishing society, we can pledge that we will never let their name die, and forever keeping her head upraised in pride.

Culture and History, News, Tourist Places

Goa: The smallest state with magnificent surprises

128Wed, 08 Jul 2020 19:12:12 +0530 Sujit Maiti

Did you ever plan out for a vacation? If you’re in India, the first thought in your mind appears with yourself enjoying the beaches of Goa. But now, the lockdown restrictions are removed as of 2^nd July 2020. If you can’t visit, don’t worry, being a Goan, I’ll take you on a virtual tour to the paradises in the state of Goa. Are you ready for the journey? Let’s go.

Imagine you are on the Hop On Hop Off Bus, a tourist double-decker bus initiative taken up by the Tourism Department of the state. I tell you the story about what is so unique here. Situated on the South-West of India with a beautiful coastline and people around 1.8 million are present in the area of 3702 sq.km. Being the smallest state of India, don’t go by numbers, it has surprises for you to fascinate with the flora, fauna and its natural biodiversity. Well, with two districts, Panaji is the capital where you will find the paintings of Mario Miranda on the walls of the Municipal Market.

Okay, moving on further, don’t consider language as a barrier to communicate because English is also well-spoken with the national language Hindi. Still, the local languages most widely spoken are Konkani and Marathi. You may also find Portuguese influence in the monuments as well as in the cuisine. I’m sure you’ll be tasting out the mouth-watering food virtually too. The first thing in my mind is rice with fish curry made with love out of the Goan fishes freshly cooked, which are caught during the dawn.

Harvalem Waterfall, Sanquelim, Goa. Also, there are many natural springs present in the state.

Along with this, the famous Ross Omelet, which you will find at every street outlet and restaurant which is somewhat similar to Xacuti, but it’s a pork dish. Still, here it’s usually replaced with chicken or other vegetarian alternatives with local bread known as Pao. Other famous dishes here in Goa are Sorpotel, Vindaloo, along with some Feni, made from cashews or coconut, which may make you feel dizzy. After all, everyone usually comes here to enjoy the alcoholic drinks, but may put you in trouble if you drink them on the beaches. No problem if you’re a teetotaler; there are other alternatives.

The cruise boats with the construction of Atal Setu bridge in the background

We’re also flourished with one of the famous world heritage sites declared by UNESCO, Basilica of Bom Jesus. Also, there are other famous places like Fort Aguada, Se Catherdral, and even ancient temples like Sri Mahadeva Temple in Tambdi Surla and other religions like Jain do have their establishments. Nonetheless, to mention, the beaches of Calangute, Baga, Anjuna are some of them. Also, you can go trekking at Dudhsagar Falls. The nightlife, casinos, and cruises are to be enjoyed if you fall into that category. The lavished exotic hotels are ready to welcome you always; even the people of Goa are amicable.

A glimpse of Church of St. Cajetan, Goa Velha

Let me give you an example, Dr. Edwin Gomes, the head of the medicine department of the famous Goa Medical College (GMC). He has done an incredible job recently by showing his gratitude by hugging more than 190 patients in the hospital after they were treated and found negative for COVID-19. The tour has come to an end, and I hope you visit the state and enjoy the moments.

Culture and History, Social Studies

Why coke studio is so popular?

126Mon, 06 Jul 2020 21:12:55 +0530 anirbanghosh97

Coke Studio Comes To India | Forbes India

The concept of Coke Studio begun in Brazil in 2007 with a one-time promotional project called ‘Coca Cola Zero Studio’. This was organized by the company Coca Cola and it was accompanied with the launch of a new music phone by Nokia. A year later, this format was adopted in Pakistan as ‘Coke Studio’, a live music television reality show which showcased live versions of songs performed by artists of various music genres. Highlighting fusion music as its USP, Coke Studio became one of the most successful television programmes in Pakistan. The credit for this is often given to the show’s producer, Rohail Hyatt. This concept was then adopted in India, the Middle East and later, in Africa. In India, Coke Studio@MTV, a collaboration of Coca Cola India and MTV India started in 2011. Leslie Lewis was the producer of the first season. While Coke Studio Pakistan has completed 12 seasons, Coke Studio@MTV has done 4 seasons until now.

The cultural music of India not only includes the two main traditions of Indian classical music called Hindustani and Karnatic classical but also involves the huge diversity of folk music. Various modifications of Hindustani classical music called the semi-classical consists of forms like thumri, dadra, qawwali, ghazal, bhajan, tappa, hori and so on. The classical music of Pakistan is also based on the Hindustani classical music which has patronized by various empires that historically ruled the south asian region. It’s semi classical forms include ghazal, qawwali etc. Religious music like hamd, naat and nasheeds as well as its folk music are extremely popular throughout the nation.

India and Pakistan are countries that are blessed with highly diverse forms of music as well as musical instruments. Coke Studio not only takes up traditional music genres but it also incorporates several local musical instruments in each of their sessions. Fusion of different musical forms, instruments, lyrics and styles is what defines the essence of the show. This show provides a stage to both the mainstream popular singers and also to the folk or ghazal singers with no power hierarchy. This has brought the ‘not so popular’, marginalized and even unconventional music forms in a studio setting and fused it with the much successful and popular music types. It provides visibility, success and exposure to the local artists that perform in it. A survey conducted on people of age 17-30 years found that a majority of them thought that Coke Studio not only promotes culture but also, believed that it has opened a platform for folk/regional music.

Culture and History, Education, Public Administration

Types Of Ships In service with The INDIAN NAVY

336Mon, 06 Jul 2020 10:33:52 +0530 Arpita Karmakar

The Indian Navy grew rapidly After Independence . As of now It is undergoing modernization with new ships Being added to fleet.

Aircraft Carrier is a warship with a full length flight deck and facilities for carrying arming, deploying and recovering , acting as a seagoing airbase

**INS** **Vikramaditya aircraft Carrier**

Destroyer is a fast, heavily, armed, maneuverable yet long Endurance warship.It is designed to escort longer vessels in a fleet like an aircraft carrier, troop, supply ships forming part of a convoy or battle group.

Frigate is a warship smaller in size than a destroyer , It is armed with guided missiles and used as an escort for aircraft carrier.

Corvette is a fast, lightly armed warship which is smaller than a frigate and larger than a coastal patrol craft often armed for antisubmarine operation.

Mine countermeasure vessel: also known as Minesweeper is a small naval warship designed to counter the threat posed by naval mines

Landing ship is a naval vessel which is used to transport large number of vehicles, cargo and troops directly to the shore no part facilities .

Submarines: A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability.

Patrol Vessel for patrolling costal area, Auxilary ship, Research Vessel, Tranning ship.

Business and Management, Culture and History, Education, Law and Order, Public Administration, Science and Technology, Urban and Regional Planning

The Changes After 1991 In India

246Mon, 06 Jul 2020 08:24:05 +0530 Arpita Karmakar

Today India is one of the most powerful nations in the world. Our progress in education, science-technology, business, economy, the defense system is really noticeable. India is always a unique country but India also passed many tough situations, this achievement comes after so many hardships, struggles, and fights.before 1991 the political situation in India is unstable, after 1991 certain changes in the Indian economy, science-technology held to be very important In the history of India.

Indian Economy: we wanted to establish an Economy based on social justice through planning for a National planning commission was established that would coordinate development through the policy of the Five Year Plan. The government started Economic Reforms are called as Economic Liberalisation. The foreign Invest In India increased, the field of information technology opened several avenues of employment in the country . Liberalization, Privatizati, and Globalization, India under its New Economic Policy approached International Banks for development of the country. These agencies asked Indian Government to open its restrictions on trade done by the private sector and between India and other countries.

Science and Technology: The experiment in the co-operative dairy movement By Dr.Verghese Kurien led to increase in milk production in India. This is called as White Revolution. Dr.Homi J.bhaba laid the foundation of the Indian atomic Power Programme. India insisted on using atomic energy for peaceful purposes like generation of electricity, pharmaceuticals and defense.

Change In Social Field: changes related to the women empowerment movement and other related to the policies regarding the uplift of deprived sections of the society

Culture and History

Geeta Saar

555Sun, 05 Jul 2020 13:55:30 +0530 Shuchita Singh Chauhan

Whatever has happened, has happened for good.

Whatever is happening, is happening for good.

Whatever will happen, shall also happen for good.

What have you lost, that you cry for?

What did you bring, that you lost?

What did you create, that was destroyed?

You came empty handed, and will go empty handed.

Whatever is yours today, was somebody else’s yesterday, and will be somebody else’s tomorrow.

Source : Wikipedia

Culture and History, Education, Law and Order, Public Administration

INDIAN ARMY

015Sun, 05 Jul 2020 12:01:13 +0530 Arpita Karmakar

The Indian army is the oldest among the three armed forces.It has very and ancient heritage of more than 2000 year from the Times of Chandragupta Maurya . The foundation of the present army was inherited from the British Indian Army . Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose lead the Indian National Army (INA) during the world war 2 to fight for India’s Independence from British Rule . Women also formed part of the INA. Captain Laxmi Swaminathan headed the women’s wing.

Role of Indian Army

Go to war to defeat an External Aggression
Strengthen the internal security Management to defeat Internal threats.
Project force wherever and whenever called upon to safeguard the nation’s interest.
To support the peace keeping operations or Military Assistance to friendly foreign countries
Render Humanitarian, Disaster relief and Aid to civil authorities

The Indian Army spread over six operational commands based on geography and the preceived security threats.

Areas of responsibility of geographical commands

Northern command: Northern command is head quater in Udhampur .It is responsible for operations in Jammu and Kashmir against china in the east and Pakistan In the west.

Western Command :Western Command in Chandigarh. It is responsible for operation in Punjab,and Himachal Pradesh against China in the east and Pakistan in the west.

South Western Command:South Western Command is headquarter in Jaipur .It is responsible for operations in North and central Rajasthan and Haryana.

Southern Command: headquater Pune, responsible for operation in south Rajasthan and Gujarat, Maharashtra, karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh

Central Command : headquater in Lucknow. It is responsible for operations in Uttarakhand, Uttar pradesh, Bihar, Orrisa, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh against China in the North as also security along the Indo-Nepal border with UP and Bihar

Eastern Command: headquarter in kolkata . It is responsible for operations in Sikkim, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram and also Against China and security Indo – Nepal, Mayanmar, Bangladesh Border

Culture and History, Education

Remembering Alluri Sitarama Raju : Hero Of The Jungle

224Sat, 04 Jul 2020 20:22:07 +0530 Arpita Karmakar

After the passing of the 1882 Madras Forest Act, its restrictions on the free movement of tribal people in the forest prevented them from engaging in their traditional podu agricultural system, It’s a curse for tribal of agency area

Podu is a traditional system of cultivation used by tribes in India, whereby different areas of jungle forest are cleared by burning each year to provide land for crops. The word comes from the Telugu language.Podu is a form of shifting cultivation using slash-and-burn methods. Traditionally used on the hill-slopes of Andhra Pradesh.

Alluri Sitarama Raju (1897 or 1898 – 7 May 1924) was an Indian revolutionary involved in the Indian independence movement. Raju led the Rampa Rebellion of 1922, during which a band of tribal people and other sympathizers fought in the border areas of the East Godavari and Visakhapatnam regions of Madras Presidency, in present-day Andhra Pradesh, against the British Raj, which had passed the law. He was referred to as “Manyam Veerudu” (“Hero of the Jungle”) by the local people. He spearheaded a two-year-long tribal uprising against the British Raj. He inspired, motivated people, to fight for their rights, He often raided police Station to steal guns and ammunition and killed several British police officers.He lost his life in the battlefield, fighting for rights until his last breath.

International Journal of Research (IJR)

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Remembering Alluri Sitarama Raju : Hero Of The Jungle

IJR Journal is Multidisciplinary, high impact and indexed journal for research publication. IJR is a monthly journal for research publication.

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IJR Journal is Multidisciplinary, high impact and indexed journal for research publication. IJR is a monthly journal for research publication.