Hailing from a modest middle-class family in India, Dr. Rahul Kumar Sharma’s early life was shaped by his father’s unwavering dedication to education. As a schoolteacher, Dr. Rahul Kumar Sharma father instilled in him the values of perseverance, intellectual curiosity, and a commitment to societal upliftment. From a young age, Dr. Rahul Kumar Sharma exhibited an extraordinary fascination with financial systems, captivated by the intricate interplay of numbers, market behaviors, and the mechanisms of wealth creation. This passion propelled him to pursue a rigorous academic path, culminating in a degree from IIT Bombay and a PhD in Finance from the prestigious Wharton School of Business.
At J.P. Morgan, Dr. Rahul Kumar Sharma’s expertise flourished as he became a prominent private fund manager and stock strategist, overseeing portfolios exceeding $6 billion. During this phase, he not only achieved financial independence but also gained firsthand exposure to the high-stakes, often ruthless dynamics of global capital markets. Yet, despite his international success, Dr. Rahul Kumar Sharma heart remained deeply rooted in India—a nation he felt had nurtured his journey and to which he owed a profound sense of responsibility.
Five years ago, Dr. Rahul Kumar Sharma made the pivotal decision to return to India, dedicating himself to mentoring retail investors. Through extensive interactions with thousands of individuals, he uncovered a disheartening trend: nearly 95% of Indian traders were losing money not due to lack of effort, but due to systemic barriers, outdated strategies, and limited access to institutional-grade knowledge. “Their aspirations are valid,” he asserts, “but the system favors the privileged.” Determined to bridge this gap, he authored The Secrets of Stocks, a groundbreaking manual designed to democratize financial literacy and empower everyday investors.
Key Insights from The Secrets of Stocks:
Decoding Institutional Market Manipulation Tactics: Reveals how large players exploit market asymmetries and how retail investors can recognize and counter these strategies.
Building Disciplined, Adaptive Trading Frameworks: Teaches risk-aware methodologies tailored to India’s volatile markets, emphasizing long-term sustainability over short-term gains.
Navigating India’s Unique Regulatory and Economic Landscape: Addresses challenges such as policy shifts, tax implications, and local market behaviors to help investors stay ahead.
Transforming Hard-Earned Capital into Sustainable Wealth: Provides actionable steps to align investment goals with personal financial aspirations, fostering confidence and clarity.
Dr. Rahul Kumar Sharma’s vision is unambiguous: to position The Secrets of Stocks as the most trusted guide for Indian retail investors, enabling them to reclaim control over their financial futures. “My purpose is to give back to the nation that shaped me,” he states, underscoring his belief that financial empowerment is a cornerstone of societal progress.
A Mission Rooted in Purpose
Dr. Rahul Kumar Sharma’s journey exemplifies the transformative power of knowledge. By merging his global expertise with an intimate understanding of India’s financial ecosystem, he has created a roadmap for retail investors to navigate complex markets with confidence. His work is not merely a book—it is a movement toward equitable financial literacy, where every individual, regardless of background, can harness the tools to build lasting wealth.
As he continues to expand his reach through workshops, mentorship programs, and digital platforms, Dr. Rahul Kumar Sharma remains steadfast in his mission: to ensure that the lessons of Wall Street are no longer the privilege of a few but the foundation for millions. “Knowledge is the ultimate equalizer,” he concludes. “With discipline, strategy, and the right guidance, every Indian investor can rewrite their financial destiny.”
Precision engineering is one of the most demanding fields in modern manufacturing. Whether producing intricate metal components for automotive systems, structural elements for construction, or tight-tolerance parts for industrial machinery, manufacturers must choose the right processing technology—one that offers accuracy, speed, repeatability, and cost efficiency.
Two technologies dominate this landscape: laser cutting and CNC machining. Each has evolved dramatically over the past decade, and both play essential roles in today’s production ecosystems. But how do they compare? Which applications suit each technology best? And how can manufacturers make the right decision for their workflow?
This article provides a clear, data-driven comparison to help businesses, engineers, and technical buyers make informed choices.
1. Understanding the Core Difference
Laser cutting and CNC machining rely on entirely different principles.
Laser Cutting
A high-powered laser beam melts, vaporizes, or burns material to create a clean, narrow cut line. Modern machines—especially fiber laser cutters—are fast, accurate, and optimized for metals like steel, aluminum, copper, and stainless steel.
Laser systems excel in:
Thin to medium-thickness materials
Complex shapes
Smooth edges
High-speed profiling
For example, manufacturers processing structural steel profiles often use specialized systems such as anH-shaped steel laser cutting machine, which combines accuracy with exceptional productivity.
CNC Machining
CNC machining removes material using mechanical tools such as mills, lathes, or drills. It is a subtractive manufacturing method that offers extremely tight tolerances and can create multi-dimensional features that laser cutting cannot.
CNC systems excel in:
Deep pockets
Threads
Chamfers
Multi-surface operations
High-precision 3D forms
Both technologies are powerful, but they shine in different scenarios—let’s explore those distinctions step by step.
2. Accuracy & Tolerance Comparison
Precision engineers focus heavily on tolerance, and this is where the comparison becomes interesting.
Laser Cutting Tolerance Levels
Modern industrial laser cutters typically achieve:
Fiber laser technology also reduces heat-affected zones, improving dimensional stability.
CNC Machining Tolerance Levels
High-end CNC machines can achieve:
±0.005 mm or better
Extremely tight tolerances on small components
Superior dimensional accuracy for complex geometries
Winner: CNC machining for ultra-high precision, but laser cutting provides more than enough precision for 95% of metal fabrication jobs.
3. Complexity of Geometry
Laser Cutting
A laser beam can move incredibly fast and change direction instantly, making it ideal for:
Complex outlines
Patterns and perforations
Sharp corners
Custom one-off designs
It’s particularly effective for 2D profiles, signage, metal architecture, and machine components.
CNC Machining
CNC machines can work in:
3-axis
4-axis
5-axis
They can produce 3D shapes, pockets, contours, and internal cavities—features impossible for laser cutting.
Conclusion: Laser = Best for 2D and high-speed profiling CNC = Best for 3D forms and multi-surface machining
4. Material Compatibility
Both technologies work with a broad range of metals, but their behavior varies.
Laser Cutting Materials
Ideal for:
Mild steel
Stainless steel
Aluminum
Copper & brass
Titanium
Laser cutting struggles only when thickness becomes excessive (typically above 40 mm depending on the laser power).
CNC Machining Materials
Works with:
Metals (steel, aluminum, brass, titanium)
Plastics
Composites
Wood
CNC machining handles extremely thick or hard materials that lasers cannot efficiently cut.
5. Speed & Workflow Efficiency
Laser Cutting
Extremely fast, especially on thin–medium materials
Minimal setup time
No clamping required in most cases
Batch production becomes highly efficient
A single operator can manage multiple laser machines at once, which helps factories reduce labor cost.
CNC Machining
Slower due to tool changes, spindle speeds, and material removal rates
Requires fixturing and setup
More operator supervision
Precision takes time
Winner: Laser cutting for high-volume or fast-turnaround jobs.
6. Surface Quality & Finishing Requirements
Laser Cutting Finish Quality
Clean edges
Very minimal burr
Little or no post-processing
No tool marks
This is especially valuable for industries where visual appearance matters—architecture, automotive interiors, decorative panels, and more.
CNC Machining Finish Quality
Excellent surface finish
Can produce mirror-like surfaces through polishing
Ideal for precision parts, molds, and engineering components
7. Cost Efficiency Comparison
Cost is often the deciding factor, and here’s how the two processes compare:
Cost Advantages of Laser Cutting
Faster cycle times
Lower labor requirement
Minimal consumables
Lower maintenance
High material utilization due to narrow kerf
Laser cutting is the most cost-effective choice for producing sheet metal parts.
Cost Advantages of CNC Machining
Invaluable for precision parts where dimensional accuracy is critical
Necessary for 3D forms
Tooling cost is higher, but the value is justified in complex applications
General Rule: Laser cutting = Lower cost for flat parts CNC machining = Higher cost but essential for complex engineering
8. Which Technology Should You Choose?
Choose Laser Cutting If:
You need fast production
You work mainly with sheet metals
Edge quality matters
Shapes are mostly 2D
You want minimal finishing work
Cost efficiency is important
You require architectural or industrial structural components
Laser cutting also supports specialized industrial needs—factories processing beams, pipes, or profiles rely on advanced laser systems such as those offered by Dowell Laser.
Choose CNC Machining If:
Your parts need ultra-tight tolerances
You require pockets, threads, counterbores, or multi-surface details
You need 3D geometry
You work with materials that are too thick or hard for laser cutting
Why Many Factories Use Both Technologies
In modern precision engineering, the smartest approach is hybrid production. Many manufacturers use:
Laser cutting for blanking, profiling, and preparing raw shapes
CNC machining for final finishing and tight-tolerance features
This combination significantly reduces overall production cost while maintaining high-precision output.
Example workflow:
Laser cuts the rough profile in seconds
CNC performs finishing on critical features
Final product achieves perfect accuracy with minimal waste
This hybrid method is widely used in automotive fabrication, construction steel processing, aerospace components, and machinery manufacturing.
Final Verdict
Laser cutting and CNC machining are not competitors—they are complementary technologies. Laser cutting dominates in speed, cost efficiency, and 2D profiling, while CNC machining excels in precision, 3D geometry, and finishing.
For most metal fabrication businesses, choosing both technologies is the fastest path to higher precision, lower production cost, and improved competitiveness.
If your factory is looking to upgrade production capability, modern high-power laser cutting systems offer one of the highest ROI levels in today’s manufacturing world—and integrating CNC machining afterward creates a complete, high-efficiency workflow.
This article highlights six prestigious international business research scholarships available for PhD students in the UK. It explains the eligibility criteria and how these opportunities can support your academic and professional growth in global business research.
Photo by Havanna Sousa on Pexels.com
Are you a PhD-level student and looking for an international business research scholarship in the UK? Starting a PhD in business research is a big and life-changing decision. It demands hard work and a profound interest in solving real business challenges. For international students, the right place to study not only shapes their education but also their future.
A Universities UK study shows that international researchers in the UK are contributing to more than half of all impactful research projects worldwide. This shows the distinguished position of the UK universities in research. Their strong academic reputation attracts global scholars seeking advanced opportunities in business studies. Here, you will learn about the top 6 international business research scholarships that support doctoral students who want to study business at the PhD level in the UK.
What to Expect in This Article?
The UK universities provide world-class opportunities for PhD research in international business.
International business research scholarships, such as Chevening and Gates Cambridge, provide full financial support to international students.
Most international business research scholarships cover tuition fees, research costs, and travel expenses.
Applicants for international business research scholarships should demonstrate academic excellence, leadership potential, and a clear research vision.
Strong research proposals linking to global business challenges improve selection chances.
Why the UK Is Ideal for International PhD Students?
The UK stands out as an ideal destination for international PhD candidates for several significant reasons. Some of them are given below:
Firstly, the UK universities mainly focus on research strengths in business and related fields and have gained global recognition. The best business school in the UK regularly publishes innovative research and encourages partnerships with industry. That means if you are doing a business research PhD at UK universities, it will help you build real-world business linkages and boost your academic experience.
The second reason to pursue the international business research scholarship in the UK is the strong funding culture. Governments and universities invest a significant share of their funds in postgraduate research and doctoral programmes. Government support for global partnerships and scholarship programmes further helps make PhD study affordable.
The third reason to get an international business research scholarship in the UK is its rich cultural diversity and global networking opportunities. You will meet fellow scholars from all over the world and connect with institutions. These connections open doors to post-PhD career prospects. One major benefit of research in the UK is that universities often work together with multinational companies and global industry partners.
6 Must-Apply International Business Research Scholarships for PhD Students in the UK
Learning about a PhD in international business can shape your global career path. Here are the top 6 international business research scholarships that enable passionate scholars to pursue world-class research.
1. Chevening Scholarships
The Chevening Scholarship is among the most prestigious awards for PhD students. This scholarship is suitable for future leaders who want to study in the United Kingdom. The UK government funds Chevening scholarships through the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. It offers international doctoral students a remarkable opportunity to get a world-class education and build a strong professional network.
Every year, a lot of students from more than 160 countries apply for the Chevening scholarships, which demonstrates the global reach and credibility of the programme. Many applicants seek expert guidance from a UK-based essay writing service to write a strong personal statement that meets the high standard criteria of the scholarship. Chevening indicates that its alumni hold leadership roles in over 140 countries, reflecting its lasting global impact.
Benefits and Duration
For business research students, the Chevening Scholarship provides an excellent opportunity to study business and management at leading UK universities. It covers the tuition fees and living expenses. However, it mainly supports the one-year master’s programmes, not full PhD degrees. Still, students who recently completed their master’s through Chevening often continue to do research later.
Applicants should show their academic excellence and a strong commitment to making a difference in their home country. You can apply for a Chevening Scholarship online through the Chevening portal and follow each step carefully. After completing their degrees, the successful scholars join the powerful global network each year
Apply date: Applications for the Chevening Scholarships usually open in August and close in November each year.
2. Commonwealth PhD Scholarship
The Commonwealth PhD Scholarship supports students from developing Commonwealth countries studying in the United Kingdom. The Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in the UK manages the Commonwealth PhD Scholarship. The main purpose of this International Business Research Scholarship is to support students from low- or middle-income countries who are unable to afford the expenses of advanced studies.
It welcomes applicants from nations such as Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Nigeria. The objective is to enable the talented students to gain global research experience and bring that knowledge back to improve their home countries.
The Commonwealth Scholarship Commission stated that more than 99% of its scholars contribute to the development of work after graduation. This shows that the Commonwealth PhD Scholarship focuses on real-world impact and leadership.
Benefits and duration
The Commonwealth Scholarship also supports doctoral research across a range of subjects, including management and business. It values research that drives positive change. If your study focuses on international business or entrepreneurship in developing economies, this scholarship is well-suited to you.
It covers tuition fees and research costs. This scholarship lasts three to four years, depending on the duration of the PhD programme. Through this, scholars can fully concentrate on their research without financial stress.
To increase the chance that your choice is approved, just write a research proposal that connects your study to the development goals. Try to work with UK supervisors who help you to support this journey. This approach will strengthen your application and highlight your commitment to meaningful research.
Apply date:
The submission date for applications for the Commonwealth PhD Scholarship usually runs from early September to mid-October each year.
3. Rhodes Scholarship at the University of Oxford
The Rhodes Scholarship at the University of Oxford is one of the oldest and most respected awards in the world. It started in the early 1900s at the University of Oxford and continues to honour the highest standards and leadership. The Rhodes Trust oversees this scholarship and selects students who demonstrate strong academic skills and lead the creation of change. It helps students study a diverse range of subjects, including PhD programmes at the University of Oxford.
A report by the Rhodes Trust shows that 8 to 10 Rhodes Scholars continue to hold leading roles in academia and business after completion of their degrees. This indicates the programme’s strong focus on developing global leaders of change. This scholarship is suitable for students who want to study in the UK and are looking for a PhD in business.
Benefits and Duration:
Rhodes Scholars receive a:
Full tuition fee
A yearly stipend of about £20,400’
Support for visa and travel expenses
They also get direct mentorship and training through a global network of alumni. For PhD students, the scholarship can cover up to three years of study.
The Rhodes scholarship provides a powerful platform for business researchers. Oxford’s world-class instructors and strong connections with global firms help the students to combine their academic skills theory with real-world practice.
A Rhodes Scholar gains access to a network of innovators and decision-makers. This interaction can lead to collaboration in research and develop career opportunities worldwide.
Apply Date:
You can apply for the Rhodes scholarship between late July and October each year.
4. Gates Cambridge Scholarship
The Gates Cambridge Scholarship supports brilliant international business students who are unable to afford their postgraduate study at the University of Cambridge. The Gates Scholarship began in 2000, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
It remains one of the most prestigious and competitive scholarships in the world. According to Gates Cambridge, about two-thirds of its scholars pursue PhD programmes, including those in business and management.
Funding and Research Opportunities
The Gates Cambridge Scholarship comprises:
Full Tuition Fees
A maintenance allowance of about £21,000 per year,
Other expenses include airfare, visa fees, and a health surcharge.
Business PhD candidates benefit from access to Cambridge Judge Business School and a diverse global academic community.
Apply date:
Applicants can apply for the Gates Cambridge Scholarship in December or January of each year.
5. University of Edinburgh Business School PhD Scholarships
The University of Edinburgh Business School offers opportunities for PhD scholars in the field of business and management. The University of Edinburgh Business School’s PhD scholarship has built a strong global reputation for its research in international strategy and business ethics. The financial help of Edinburgh universities helps international students to focus on their studies without any kind of stress.
Research Opportunities and Industry Links
Edinburgh Business School support connects students to global networks and industry leaders. The PhD candidates work under the direct guidance of experts who regularly publish in the Journal of Business.
The Chartered Association of Business Schools found that universities offering structured industry-linked doctoral programmes, such as Edinburgh, produce graduates with greater research visibility. Scholarships support applied business research.
6. London Business School PhD Scholarships
The London Business School is recognised as one of the top institutions for business research and is located in the heart of London. It helps the international students and promotes the culture of research.
Its PhD programme focuses on accounting and organisational behaviour. These London Business School PhD scholarships suit students who want to examine advanced topics in business and develop into significant researchers. If you plan to apply for such competitive scholarships, getting expert help from the best essay writing services in London can strengthen your application.
Funding and Financial Support
The LBS PhD scholarship also provides full funding to all admitted PhD students. The scholarship package comprises a tax-free stipend of about £27,000 per year and a full tuition fee reduction.
Students also receive funding for conferences and their research expenses. This financial stability helps the scholars fully concentrate on their studies and research goals.
Career and Leadership Opportunities
Graduates of the LBS PhD programme often move into careers as professors or strategists in the top global organisations. The school’s close connections with businesses worldwide give scholars direct access to real-world data and insights.
Apply date:
Applications for this scholarship are submitted in December each year.
Final Words
Pursuing a PhD in business research in the UK is one approach to expanding their knowledge and understanding of research, which helps them in their future. The UK universities are prestigious and offer strong research support for international students.
UK universities do not just provide financial aid programmes; they also offer opportunities for leadership and research that can have a real impact on the world. Strong academic support and funding will help students give their research full focus. By choosing the right international business research scholarship, doctoral researchers can realise their ambitions and help create leaders.
FAQs
Are There Scholarships for PhD Research in International Business?
Yes, there are different scholarships for PhD research in international business. The top programmes in the UK, such as Chevening, Commonwealth, Rhodes, Gates Cambridge, and scholarships at London Business School and the University of Edinburgh, provide full or partial funding. These scholarships cover the tuition and research expenses.
They help international students interested in focusing on advanced business research without financial stress. Many scholarships also offer many benefits, such as mentorship, networking, and exposure to industry, to prepare the students for academic and leadership careers.
What Financial Aid is Available for International Business Majors?
The international business majors have access to various types of financial aid. Universities in the UK and throughout the world provide merit-based scholarships and research assistantships. Programs such as Chevening, Commonwealth, and Gates Cambridge provide full financial support.
External organisations and global companies also fund students pursuing international business degrees. These options make it easier for international students to complete their studies with confidence.
The growth of financial technology (fintech) in Africa has redefined the continent’s economic architecture. Over the past decade, digital payment systems have emerged as critical enablers of inclusion, connecting millions of unbanked citizens to formal financial ecosystems. However, challenges such as high remittance fees, fragmented systems, and limited interoperability continue to hinder progress.
As discussed in the original announcement on Reuters, the October 2025 partnership between Unipesa and MobiPay Botswana, backed by Velex Investments, represents a significant step toward addressing these issues. The alliance integrates Unipesa’s regional fintech platform with MobiPay’s local expertise to enhance cross-border payments, reduce transaction costs, and expand access to digital finance in Botswana and beyond.
1. Background: Fintech and Financial Inclusion in Africa
Africa’s fintech industry has evolved rapidly, driven by mobile penetration, rising digital literacy, and demand for affordable financial services. The World Bank (2023) reports that sub-Saharan Africa leads the world in mobile money adoption, accounting for nearly half of global transactions. Yet despite these advances, regional disparities remain significant.
Southern Africa, in particular, continues to experience some of the highest remittance costs globally, averaging 8–10% per transaction — well above the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of 3%. This high cost disproportionately affects migrant workers, low-income households, and small enterprises dependent on cross-border trade.
Unipesa and MobiPay’s collaboration directly targets this gap. By combining a continental fintech infrastructure with localized service delivery, the partnership exemplifies the hybrid model needed to achieve both scalability and accessibility.
2. Structure of the Partnership
Under the agreement, Unipesa provides the technological backbone and regulatory compliance framework, while MobiPay Botswana contributes market-specific insight, user distribution, and operational integration. The partnership also benefits from the strategic involvement of Velex Investments, a global investment firm specializing in early-stage fintech development across emerging markets.
Together, the entities aim to deliver interoperable payment systems encompassing:
Remittance solutions that reduce cross-border transaction costs.
Merchant and SME payment platforms for domestic and regional trade.
Digital wallets and mobile money services designed for unbanked and underbanked users.
This multi-tiered structure reflects an emerging trend in African fintech: ecosystemic collaboration. Rather than focusing on standalone apps, firms are prioritizing integrated systems capable of scaling across jurisdictions while maintaining compliance with local regulations.
3. Technological and Infrastructural Implications
Technological innovation is central to the partnership’s value proposition. Unipesa’s platform integrates digital wallets, real-time payment rails, and API-based services that enable interoperability across different financial systems. This approach mirrors broader industry trends toward open banking and regtech integration, which allow for secure data sharing, improved identity verification, and automated compliance monitoring.
In Botswana, MobiPay’s infrastructure provides the physical and operational channels for adoption, including agent networks and merchant onboarding systems. By merging these technological and local infrastructures, the partnership enhances financial resilience — a crucial factor in regions with limited access to traditional banking.
The resulting digital architecture has the potential to reduce transaction latency, improve settlement transparency, and enhance the traceability of financial flows. Moreover, it lays the groundwork for broader economic modernization, where digital payments support e-commerce, public sector transactions, and regional trade facilitation.
4. Socio-Economic Impact and Developmental Relevance
At the socio-economic level, the Unipesa–MobiPay partnership addresses several critical development objectives. Affordable and secure digital payments empower individuals to participate in the formal economy, increasing savings, improving access to credit, and stimulating entrepreneurship.
This aligns directly with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably:
SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities.
By reducing remittance costs and facilitating cross-border transactions, the collaboration also supports the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) initiative, which seeks to enhance intra-African commerce. Digital finance serves as a practical mechanism for achieving this integration, and Botswana’s strategic location makes it a natural hub for Southern African connectivity.
Furthermore, as MobiPay’s founder Benjamin Molotsi noted, “Botswana is ready for the next leap in digital payments.” This readiness underscores the country’s policy focus on innovation and public-private cooperation, which collectively create a favorable environment for fintech growth.
5. Investor Confidence and Financial Ecosystem Maturity
The participation of Velex Investments adds a vital financial dimension. As an early shareholder in Unipesa, Velex has long championed scalable fintech models that combine social impact with investor returns. The firm’s engagement in the Botswana partnership reflects rising global confidence in African digital infrastructure as a viable investment domain.
This investor-led model — often referred to as impact-driven fintech — aims to generate both measurable financial performance and social value. It illustrates how capital allocation in emerging markets can serve developmental goals without compromising profitability.
Moreover, such partnerships help establish credibility for African fintech in the eyes of global regulators and institutional investors, which remains essential for sustainable ecosystem growth.
6. Policy and Regulatory Considerations
For cross-border fintech collaborations to succeed, regulatory harmonization is crucial. Unipesa’s regional experience provides a framework for navigating diverse compliance landscapes, from anti-money-laundering (AML) requirements to Know Your Customer (KYC) standards.
The partnership’s design also supports the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations for risk-based supervision, ensuring transparency while promoting innovation. As African regulators increasingly adopt sandboxes and open banking policies, partnerships like Unipesa–MobiPay can serve as test cases for scalable, regulation-friendly models.
Botswana’s relatively advanced regulatory framework for electronic payments — combined with Unipesa’s technical expertise — may encourage similar collaborations in neighboring markets such as Namibia, Zambia, and South Africa.
7. Challenges and Future Outlook
Despite its promise, the partnership faces challenges common to fintech ventures in emerging economies: infrastructure reliability, digital literacy gaps, and cybersecurity risks. Sustained success will depend on ongoing investment in user education, infrastructure maintenance, and data protection.
However, the long-term outlook is positive. By combining private capital, technological expertise, and social purpose, the Unipesa–MobiPay–Velex alliance demonstrates a replicable model for financial integration. It showcases how fintech innovation can complement national development strategies and accelerate Africa’s transition toward a digital economy.
Conclusion
The Unipesa and MobiPay Botswana partnership represents more than a business transaction; it is a blueprint for inclusive financial modernization. By bridging regional payment systems and aligning with global development priorities, the collaboration demonstrates how fintech can evolve into a foundational infrastructure for emerging economies.
Through technological interoperability, local empowerment, and investor-backed sustainability, the alliance contributes to Africa’s broader vision of a connected, equitable, and resilient digital future. As cross-border financial ecosystems mature, partnerships of this kind will continue to shape the trajectory of innovation and inclusion across the continent.
Experiential learning provides students with opportunities to apply knowledge in real-world contexts. This approach emphasizes active participation rather than passive memorization. Students who engage in hands-on learning often develop deeper understanding and stronger problem-solving abilities. The summer months have become a prime time for such experiences. During this period, young learners can explore programs that challenge them academically and personally. These opportunities help them strengthen critical skills while preparing for the future.
When students step outside traditional classrooms, they discover how learning connects with everyday life. Projects, interactive sessions, and collaborations allow them to test their abilities. This process encourages adaptability and resilience, which are valuable for future academic transitions. Families and educators increasingly recognize the importance of experiential education. It offers students the chance to build independence and confidence. As a result, these experiences can transform the way students approach both education and personal growth.
Building Skills Through Online Opportunities
Experiential learning can also thrive in digital spaces, where students explore flexible and interactive lessons. Many courses incorporate projects, group discussions, and creative assignments to simulate real-world applications. This variety enhances learning by encouraging students to apply knowledge in practical ways. Online programs also allow students to adapt their pace and schedule to personal needs. By managing coursework independently, they sharpen self-discipline and organizational skills. These qualities remain valuable throughout college and professional life. Participation insummer online courses for high school studentsreinforces digital literacy while building confidence for future studies. Ultimately, this type of learning environment strengthens independence and academic readiness.
Technology-driven learning also fosters collaboration across locations. Students connect with peers from different regions, broadening cultural awareness and communication skills. Instructors encourage teamwork by assigning tasks that require shared problem-solving. This creates a dynamic setting where students learn to respect different viewpoints. Additionally, digital platforms expose them to tools and practices used in higher education and modern workplaces. Such exposure reduces anxiety about future transitions. Online experiential programs give students a taste of both independence and collaboration. These lessons contribute to long-term success beyond the summer season.
Gaining Perspective from Campus Immersion
Immersive opportunities bring experiential learning into authentic university environments. Participants experience the demands of managing schedules, living in dorms, and adapting to new communities. Academic content is designed to challenge students at a higher level, preparing them for the transition to college. Such exposure builds study habits, discipline, and resilience. Beyond academics, campus immersion introduces cultural and social diversity through peer collaboration. Students also gain the ability to adapt to new perspectives and challenges. Many families find that thebest pre college programs provide this realistic preparation in ways that regular schooling cannot. These experiences ultimately give teenagers confidence as they prepare for higher education.
Beyond the academic focus, campus immersion creates opportunities for building connections. Teenagers meet peers from across regions, often forming friendships that last into college and beyond. Group projects help them develop problem-solving strategies with diverse teams. These skills not only enhance academic outcomes but also prepare them for future workplaces. In addition, exposure to different teaching styles helps students adjust to varied expectations. They become comfortable with lectures, seminars, and project-based formats. All of these elements combine to provide a true preview of college life. Such preparation makes the transition into higher education smoother and more rewarding.
Creating Growth Through Structured Summer Activities
Experiential education also thrives in programs that combine classroom learning with enrichment opportunities. Students may participate in workshops, labs, or service projects that highlight practical applications of knowledge. These activities promote teamwork, adaptability, and communication. Parents value the structure and guidance these experiences provide, while students enjoy the sense of achievement that comes with progress. Exposure to creative subjects alongside academics helps learners develop balanced skills. By the end of summer, they return to school with confidence and discipline that support future growth. Families who seek summer programs for high school students often discover that these options transform free time into meaningful development. The result is a season that contributes to both academic and personal success.
The variety offered by structured programs ensures well-rounded growth. Students may explore science, arts, leadership, or service while developing resilience and adaptability. Exposure to new subjects encourages exploration of potential career paths. At the same time, supervised activities create a safe and supportive environment. Parents appreciate the structure, while students enjoy the chance to challenge themselves. By the end of the summer, participants return to school with sharpened skills and greater confidence. Their achievements demonstrate the value of experiential learning beyond traditional classrooms. With each summer, these programs foster progress that extends well into the future.
Developing Global Perspectives Through Travel
Experiential learning often extends beyond familiar environments into international settings. Travel-based opportunities allow students to experience education in ways that expand cultural awareness and adaptability. When teenagers engage in programs abroad, they encounter different languages, customs, and academic styles. These interactions broaden perspectives and strengthen communication skills. Exposure to global diversity helps students recognize the value of collaboration across cultures. They also develop independence as they adapt to new surroundings far from home. The challenges of navigating unfamiliar spaces encourage resilience and resourcefulness. Each experience contributes to personal maturity and a deeper understanding of the world.
Academic enrichment is also a central part of international learning. Students may explore history, science, or literature while visiting locations that bring these subjects to life. Lessons gained from cultural immersion reinforce classroom knowledge with vivid, real-world examples. Programs often incorporate service projects or research activities that connect with local communities. These opportunities highlight the importance of empathy, responsibility, and social awareness. By contributing meaningfully in new contexts, students learn to view education as a tool for global impact. The combination of travel and study promotes growth that extends far beyond academic achievement. It nurtures a mindset prepared for both college and future careers.
Encouraging Creativity Through Experiential Learning
Experiential learning does more than strengthen academic foundations; it also sparks creativity. Programs that include problem-solving challenges, artistic projects, and innovation-focused activities allow students to think beyond standard classroom methods. By experimenting with ideas and testing different approaches, learners develop confidence in their creative abilities. This type of exploration also encourages resilience when solutions do not work as planned. Students quickly realize that mistakes are part of the process and can lead to new discoveries. Creative expression through design, writing, or performance supports both personal and intellectual growth. These opportunities help students build adaptable skills that are valuable in every discipline. The process nurtures innovative thinkers who are prepared for the demands of a changing world.
Creativity also promotes engagement, making learning feel more meaningful. When students are invited to design solutions or create original projects, they often retain knowledge more effectively. Programs that emphasize experimentation show them the value of curiosity and open-mindedness. Students discover connections between subjects, blending science, art, and technology in ways that spark interest. This cross-disciplinary approach mirrors the realities of many modern careers. It also helps teenagers develop problem-solving skills that extend beyond academics. The freedom to innovate empowers them to approach challenges with confidence. By fostering creativity, experiential learning ensures students are not only knowledgeable but also imaginative in their pursuits.
Wrap Up
Experiential learning stands out because it transforms knowledge into action. When students take part in activities that challenge and inspire, they build skills that last a lifetime. Online learning sharpens independence and digital fluency. Campus immersion offers a glimpse of higher education and fosters adaptability. Structured programs balance academics with creative outlets that expand personal growth. Each of these opportunities provides unique experiences that shape how students approach the future. The cumulative effect strengthens both academic readiness and personal development. Learning becomes not just about facts, but about understanding and application.
These benefits demonstrate that education does not pause when the school year ends. Students can grow through carefully chosen experiences that prepare them for upcoming challenges. Families who encourage participation in such programs help build strong foundations for success. Educators also play a role in guiding students toward opportunities that match their interests and strengths. With exposure to real-world applications, students learn to navigate complexity with resilience. They become more confident in their abilities and more curious about possibilities. The result is a generation better prepared for academic and professional demands. Experiential learning ultimately shapes students into adaptable, capable, and forward-looking individuals.
When a young Vitalii Tkachenko assembled the parts for his first invention in a school workshop in Donetsk, few could have imagined that this project would symbolize the beginning of a remarkable journey. At the time, it was merely a competition prototype — a hydraulic tricycle built from improvised materials, designed with a system that enabled movement with minimal energy expenditure. Yet even then, the qualities that would later define his career as an engineer and entrepreneur were already visible: the ability to combine technical boldness with practical results.
Today, the name Vitalii Tkachenko is recognized in professional circles across the United States as a symbol of innovative thinking in automotive engineering and vehicle restoration. He is ASE-certified, the founder of The Guaranteed Best Choice, an entrepreneur with annual revenues exceeding $5 million, and a figure whose work fuses advanced mechanics, digital technologies, and environmental responsibility.
From Inventor to Systems Engineer The hydraulic tricycle, which earned him second place in a national engineering competition, was far more than a school project. It was proof of his ingenuity, his capacity for systemic thinking, and his ability to propose solutions ahead of their time. “I was always searching for ways to use energy as efficiently as possible,” Tkachenko recalls. “With the tricycle, my goal was to show that it is possible to design a vehicle that combines structural simplicity with energy performance disproportionate to its size.”
This early experience laid the foundation for his later path: the ability to see not just a “problem” but the “potential for restoration and improvement.” It would ultimately shape his approach to vehicles that many discard as scrap but which he views as resources for a second life.
ASE Certification and New Standards of Quality In the United States, Tkachenko pursued a path of structured development. Obtaining ASE certification was a milestone, representing not only professional competence but also adherence to a high standard of engineering culture. For him, it was confirmation that his methods of repair and restoration met global benchmarks. “Certification gave me not only access to advanced technologies but also the confidence that my practices aligned with international standards,” he notes.
Innovation in the Digital Era: AI for Auctions A true challenge arose as the automotive market underwent digital transformation. Online auctions, digital catalogs, and data repositories reshaped the industry but also introduced new risks: counterfeit VIN numbers, outdated photographs, and hidden damage records. Tkachenko was among the first to propose technological solutions that extended beyond traditional engineering: the integration of artificial intelligence to analyze images and diagnose vehicle damage.
His idea is both simple and profound: if machines can be trained to detect defects on assembly lines, they can also be trained to identify flaws in auction photographs. The AI system he envisions can assess image quality, detect concealed damage, and produce objective reports for buyers. “Technology is not a threat. It is a tool that can restore fairness and transparency to the market,” Tkachenko emphasizes.
Patents and Engineering Developments Over the years, he has accumulated not only the experience of restoring more than a thousand vehicles but also a portfolio of engineering innovations. These include projects to optimize hydraulic systems, prototypes for diagnosing hybrid and electric vehicles, and concepts for integrating “smart” monitoring modules into vehicles throughout their operational life cycle. His patents and applications reflect a persistent drive to merge traditional mechanics with modern digital technologies, making transportation safer, more reliable, and more durable.
An Engineer of the Future and an Industry Leader Tkachenko today is more than an entrepreneur. He is the architect of a new engineering philosophy: restoration instead of disposal, transparency instead of opacity. His company now operates in more than twenty states, supported by a network of subcontractors, inspectors, suppliers, and logistics providers. This is no longer a local business but a model of the future automotive industry — one driven by knowledge, technology, and responsibility.
His formula for success blends several elements: a foundation in engineering education, practical inventiveness, a readiness to embrace innovation, and an uncompromising ethical stance. This unique combination transforms him from an “ordinary engineer” into a visionary who can rightly be called an engineer of the future.
Looking Ahead Today, Tkachenko speaks not only of business but of mission. He envisions a future where vehicle restoration becomes an official, certified component of the U.S. automotive ecosystem. A future where federal programs support not only the production of new EVs but also engineering initiatives to bring existing assets back to life. A future where young engineers are trained not only to invent the new but also to perfect the existing.
“I believe America can become the global leader in sustainable vehicle restoration,” he says. “For that, we need standards, we need technology, and we need integrity. I want to be part of this story. And I know we are capable of writing it.”
The story of Vitalii Tkachenko illustrates that the engineer of the future is not someone waiting for the next breakthrough technology, but someone who creates it today — combining ingenuity, science, and responsibility. This is why his name is increasingly present not only in business discussions but also in scientific and environmental debates.
Attending college or university is a pivotal step toward career development and personal growth. However, the rising costs of higher education can be a daunting barrier for many aspiring students. Scholarships offer a beacon of hope, providing necessary resources to those who might otherwise be unable to afford college. By unlocking doors to higher education, scholarships play a crucial role in shaping a more inclusive and equitable society. Below, we explore the transformative impact of scholarships on higher education accessibility and diversity.
Breaking Barriers: How Scholarships Expand Higher Education Opportunities
The rising cost of higher education leaves many students struggling to afford tuition, books, and living expenses. Scholarships help ease this burden by rewarding academic achievement, athletic talent, and community service. For students from underserved backgrounds, they offer more than money as they encourage, open doors to opportunity, and help create a level playing field in the pursuit of a college education.
Scholarships for high school students not only offer financial relief but also provide mentorship and networking opportunities that guide them through the transition to college. By supporting a diverse range of students, scholarship programs enrich campuses with fresh perspectives and innovative ideas, shaping stronger academic communities nationwide.
The Impact of Financial Aid on College Accessibility and Diversity
Financial aid, including scholarships, grants, and loans, plays a vital role in making higher education attainable for students from diverse economic backgrounds. Scholarships stand out as they do not require repayment, offering life-changing opportunities for recipients. By attracting students from varied cultures, socioeconomic statuses, and experiences, scholarship programs enrich campus diversity and foster a learning environment that prepares graduates for a global workforce.
Financial aid often influences a student’s decision to pursue college, with merit-based awards recognizing achievement and need-based support removing financial barriers. Reduced financial strain allows students to focus on academics, increasing graduation rates and enabling them to contribute positively to the economy and society.
Examining Different Types of Scholarships and Their Benefits
Scholarships are offered in various forms to support students from diverse backgrounds, interests, and needs. Academic scholarships reward strong scholastic achievements, while athletic scholarships recognize exceptional sports abilities, allowing students to balance education and athletics.
Some are field-specific, encouraging pursuits in areas such as science, arts, or humanities, while others honor community service and civic engagement. Many are designed for non-traditional students, including adult learners and those with dependents, acknowledging the unique challenges they face. Scholarships for underrepresented or minority groups address historical inequalities in education by investing in students who have faced societal barriers, helping create more inclusive and diverse academic environments.
Overcoming Socioeconomic Challenges: Success Stories Through Scholarships
Scholarships not only ease financial burdens but also play a pivotal role in transforming students’ lives. They open doors for individuals who might otherwise be unable to pursue higher education, with many recipients sharing stories of overcoming significant challenges. Beyond monetary support, scholarships provide a vital boost to confidence, validating hard work and potential while motivating students to excel academically and engage in their communities.
These personal narratives reveal the diverse backgrounds and talents that can flourish when financial barriers are removed. Scholarship success stories often inspire peers and future generations, encouraging academic achievement and fostering a culture of mentorship and advocacy within communities.
Strategies for Students: Finding and Applying for Scholarships to Bridge the Gap
Navigating scholarships can be daunting, but strategic planning and early research make the process manageable. Students should target opportunities that match their strengths, interests, and background, using resources such as online databases, community centers, and school counselors. Meeting eligibility requirements, adhering to deadlines, and submitting complete documentation are essential.
A well-crafted personal statement helps showcase character and goals, setting applicants apart. Strong academic performance and active participation in extracurricular activities improve prospects, while building relationships with mentors and teachers can lead to valuable guidance and strong recommendations. Persistence through the search and application process increases the likelihood of securing substantial financial support for education.
Overall, the impact of scholarships on higher education accessibility cannot be overstressed. They offer vital financial relief, foster inclusivity, and empower students to pursue academic success against the odds. Scholarships are more than just monetary gifts; they are investments in the future leaders and innovators of our world. These programs not only change the lives of individual recipients but also enhance the fabric of society as a whole.
Betting patterns give away more than most players realize in poker. You can identify weaknesses and adjust your strategy to exploit them by watching how often and when a player bets. Let’s break down how to use betting frequencies and related stats to spot those leaks and respond effectively.
Patterns often reveal themselves in what players bet and when they bet. A quick check or bet can suggest automatic thinking or a memorized range. Long pauses before predictable actions, like folding or calling a standard raise, may suggest discomfort or indecision.
Tracking how often players pause before acting or speed through streets makes it easier to spot inconsistent decisions. This timing data, along with stats like VPIP and PFR, can support a strategy aimed at exploiting poker betting patterns without relying solely on raw bet sizing or position.
Key Stats That Signal Leaks
Basics stats like VPIP, PFR, and aggression clearly show how a player behaves over a large sample.
Voluntarily Put Money in Pot shows how wide a player’s starting range is. 20% is considered standard in 6-max games. Numbers much higher often mean loose play.
Preflop Raise reveals how often they’re taking control. Around 17% is usual in 6-max. A big gap between VPIP and PFR suggests a passive style.
Aggression Factor helps measure how often they bet or raise vs. call. A balanced number sits around 3. Anything lower may point to missed value bets or calling too often.
A player with a VPIP of 30% and a PFR of 10% is likely limping and calling too much. These passive patterns can be attacked with aggressive play.
Betting and Bluffing Formula
The way players bet says a lot about their strategy. Bluffing frequency, value betting, and fold reactions all stem from bet sizing and decisions over time.
Using pot odds helps break this down. A player betting $37.50 into a $75 pot offers you 2-to-1 odds. You must win the pot more than 33% of the time to make a profitable call. This logic helps evaluate whether a bluff or value bet is likelier.
Minimum defense frequency also comes into play. The MDF formula, Pot / (Pot + Bet), tells you how often you must call to avoid exploitation. If the pot is $75 and the bet is $37.50, the MDF is 67%. An opponent folding more than 67% in this spot is folding too much.
HUDs and Exploiting Infrequent Bets
HUD tracking can help uncover less obvious issues. Look at 3Bet percentages. Normal is around 7% for 6-max, and Fold to 3Bet is often 65%. A player folding more than expected can be exploited with light 3Bets.
The Fold to Steal percentage also matters. They’re too passive if they fold their blinds 80% of the time but only attempt to steal 20%. This opens up blind stealing opportunities and reduces your need to defend your own blinds aggressively against them.
Behavioral Adjustments Based on Stats
Exploit weaknesses once they are clear. Start c-betting more for players that fold too often to continuation bets. This works especially well on dry flops where hands miss frequently. Tighten your value range and size your bets to get paid against players who call too often.
Be aware of aggression factors on turn and river. Don’t expect many bluffs if someone is overly passive post-flop. You can fold marginal hands more often in big river pots.
Bluffing Efficiency and Bet Sizing
Bluff frequency needs to match your bet sizing. A large bluff requires a higher fold rate to be profitable. A small bluff only needs to succeed sometimes. Understanding this lets you plan your barrels better and decide which hands to bluff with.
Value bet thinner and bluff heavier where the stats back it up.
Sample Sizes Matter
Ensure you have the sample size to support it before relying heavily on any stat. A 3Bet% of 15 over 50 hands doesn’t mean much. The numbers matter more when you’ve tracked hundreds or thousands of hands.
Color-coding players in your tracker helps. Assign red to frequent folders, green to loose-passive players and other clear markers. This makes decision-making faster during sessions.
Balanced vs. Exploitative Play
A balanced strategy includes mixing in enough bluffs with value bets to prevent being predictable. Professionals suggest betting 50% of hands in a given line if unsure to maintain balance. However, small stacks and low-level games often earn more money through exploitative tactics.
You can reinforce your strategy with reasoning and not guesses by identifying players who fold too much or call too wide and using the statistics and timing data available. This way, betting frequency becomes a tool to dissect weakness instead of leaving outcomes to luck.
A critical juncture in many industries, particularly those operating 24/7 or with complex processes is the shift handover. This seemingly routine transfer of responsibility from one team or individual to the next holds immense power – it can either reinforce a robust safety culture or introduce vulnerabilities that lead to incidents, errors, or even tragedies. In an increasingly interconnected and data-driven world, the traditional, often informal, shift handover software is no longer sufficient. Building a true culture of safety demands a smarter, more systematic approach, with technology playing a pivotal role in ensuring seamless, accurate, and comprehensive communication.
For decades, shift handovers have often relied on verbal communication, handwritten notes, and personal memory. While these methods can work in simple scenarios, they are inherently prone to significant risks in complex environments:
Information Gaps and Omissions
Verbal handovers are susceptible to critical information being forgotten, misunderstood, or simply not communicated. A hurried exchange can miss crucial details about equipment status, pending tasks, or emerging risks.
Ambiguity and Misinterpretation
Without standardized procedures or clear documentation, verbal instructions can be interpreted differently by the incoming team. This ambiguity can lead to incorrect actions, delays, or a failure to address pressing issues.
Lack of Accountability
When information is not formally documented, it becomes difficult to track who communicated what, and when. This lack of a clear audit trail can hinder investigations into incidents and make it challenging to assign responsibility or identify systemic weaknesses.
Fatigue and Distraction
Both outgoing and incoming shifts may be experiencing fatigue, especially during long shifts or at odd hours. This can impair their ability to effectively communicate or absorb critical information, leading to errors.
Inconsistent Practices
Without a standardized approach, each shift may develop its own informal handover rituals. This inconsistency can breed confusion and create disparities in the level of detail or attention given to critical safety information.
The Imperative of a Culture of Safety
A “culture of safety” is more than just a set of rules; it’s a shared commitment within an organization where safety is a core value, guiding every decision and action. In such a culture, employees feel empowered to speak up about concerns, learn from mistakes, and proactively identify and mitigate risks. Smart shift handover is not merely a procedural improvement; it is a fundamental pillar in establishing and sustaining this culture.
Elements of Smart Shift Handover
Transforming the shift handover from a potential weak link into a strength requires a multi-faceted approach, integrating technology, standardized processes, and a commitment to continuous improvement.
The Competitive Advantage of Safety Culture
Beyond the ethical imperative, building a strong culture of safety through smart shift handover offers tangible competitive advantages:
Reduced Incidents and Accidents: Fewer safety incidents lead to lower costs associated with repairs, downtime, insurance claims, and legal fees.
Enhanced Employee Morale and Retention: Employees feel safer, more valued, and more confident in their roles when clear communication and safety are prioritized.
Regulatory Compliance: Adherence to robust safety protocols often aligns with regulatory requirements, reducing the risk of fines and penalties.
Conclusion
The shift handover, often overlooked, is a linchpin in operational safety. By moving beyond traditional, error-prone methods and embracing smart shift handover strategies, organizations can fundamentally strengthen their culture of safety. This involves leveraging digital platforms for standardization, prioritizing comprehensive yet concise communication, fostering interactive collaboration, investing in thorough training, and committing to continuous improvement through robust feedback loops. The investment in smart shift handover is not just about preventing incidents; it’s about building a more resilient, efficient, and ultimately, more successful organization that prioritizes the well-being of its people and the integrity of its operations.
The National Education Policy (NEP), 2020 focuses on ‘Equitable and Inclusive Education’ which reverberates the idea that no child should be left behind in terms of educational opportunity because of their background and socio-cultural identities. It has taken into account the concerns of the Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs) which includes female individuals. In addition, NEP prescribes to approach gender as a cross-cutting priority to achieve gender equality in education with the partnership of states and local community organizations. Further, NEP aims at bridging the social category gaps in access, participation, and learning outcomes, including providing greater access to women.
Under Samagra Shiksha, an integrated scheme for school education, various interventions have been targeted for providing quality education to girls like free uniform and text-books to girls up to class VIII, appointment of additional teachers including women teacher, stipend to CWSN girls from class I to class XII, separate toilets for girls, teachers sensitization programmes to promote girls participation, gender-sensitive teaching-learning materials including text books etc. In addition, to reduce gender gaps at all levels of school education, Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas, which are residential schools from class VI to XII for girls belonging to disadvantaged groups such as SC, ST, OBC, Minority and Below Poverty Line (BPL), are sanctioned in Educationally Backward Blocks.
To promote higher education among the students across the nation including women, Ministry of Education (MoE) has taken various measures, such as fee reductions, establishment of more institutes, scholarships, priority access to national level scholarships to aid students with poor financial backgrounds to pursue their education. Further, MoE offers various scholarship schemes for providing financial assistance to support women’s higher education. The details of these scholarship schemes may be accessed at https://www.education.gov.in/parl_ques.
With a view to improve female enrolment in the Undergraduate Programmes in Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and National Institutes of Technology (NITs), supernumerary seats were created which increased the female enrolment from less than 10% to more than 20%.
Apart from this, University Grants Commission (UGC) is implementing the scheme of “Development of Women’s Studies in Indian Universities and Colleges”. This scheme provides funds for setting up Women Studies Centers (WSCs) in universities and colleges, focusing on teaching, research, curriculum development, training and outreach activities. The objectives of the scheme are to provide financial support in advancing Women’s Studies through teaching, research and practical work.
Further, NEP recommends integrating skill education programmes into mainstream education in all education institutions in a phased manner. Under the Skill Education component of ‘Samagra Shiksha’, financial assistance is provided to States/UTs for giving exposure to Skill Education to students of Grades VI to VIII and introduction of Skill courses from Grades IX to XII, which are aligned with National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF). Employability Skill module has been included in the curriculum of Job Rolls which includes Communication Skills, Self-Management Skills, Information and Communication Technology Skills, Entrepreneurship Skills, and Green Skills.
IIT-Madras has undertaken “Vidya Shakti” scheme which aims at enhancing conceptual and foundational learning skills of children from rural areas to enhance enrolment (including women) in STEM branches in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs).
The Department of Science and Technology (DST) offers fellowships to promote research in basic and applied sciences among women through programs under Women in Science and Engineering- Knowledge Involvement & Research Advancement through Nurturing (WISE-KIRAN) and Science and Engineering Research Board- Promoting Opportunities for Women in Exploratory Research (SERB-POWER) Fellowship scheme to identify and reward outstanding women researchers and innovators working in various Science & Technology program in Indian academic institutions and R&D laboratories.
The Department of Biotechnology runs a special program ‘The Biotechnology Career Advancement and Re- orientation Programme (BioCARe)’ with a vision to promote and support women in science.
Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSEL), Ministry of Education has developed Guidelines on School Safety and Security of children studying in Government, Government-aided and Private Schools. These safety guidelines envisage constitution of anti-bullying committees, parent teacher associations, school management committees, safety walk and complaint boxes etc., as preventive measures for ensuring safety and security of children in schools. Further, these guidelines have provisions to conduct awareness and sensitization program on various provisions including POCSO Act for girls in schools, preparation and dissemination of e-modules on sexual abuse and violence, parenting, nutrition, safety of girl child, etc., and integration of prevention of violence against young children in routine health delivery.
International Journal of Research (IJR) 