Space technology and research related to it have often been very complex, compound and in short not easy.Different difficulties while in manufacturing, launching or even while reaching in space have been observed while through our journey to space. But all these efforts have helped us to learn from them and make more better and effective machines and technology capable of least threat to the mission and auto repairable. Since our first space flight in late 50’s and then landing of first manual flight in the second half of 60’s gave all the hard work and dedication and a true payoff. Since then we humans have been into this space business and have been putting more of our efforts in building these technologies both with ideas and thus with much better implementation. But along with these , development of other new techniques of manufacturing and building new things also came across all these years. Man’s Dream to build homes on the moon and a proper base on it along with the same on Mars is the next big mission of the space agencies, especially like NASA and Spacex. But for all these we do require to make a proper base at these places so that humans could start the initial processes and thus the dream becomes a reality.
But the main issue which surely is interfering in the mission is “How to set up base on these places knowing the difficulties involved with it”. It’s difficult to carry building material from our surface to these for obvious reasons. Then what could be the best thing which were can do to overcome these troubling factors. When these companies were thoroughly entangled with this issue, a company name “MadeInSpace” came up with a brilliant idea which could be used to solve the problem of carrying loads and building materials to space and also much manual work. They came up with the idea of 3-d printing. 3-D printing is a technique used these days to manufacture things just by giving the command to the machine and with the help of plastic , metal, carbon fiber, and many more.
The idea of 3-d printing came in early 70’s and was brought into practice by 1980’s.in this printing, a design of any object is made using the software and then this printing machine creates the object by just printing out the shape by laying layer after layer so as to obtain the desired shape. There were numerous benefits of this printing observed which included:
Economical
Accuracy in shape
Took less time for manufacturing.
Difficult designs could easily be manufactured.
Durable
Better quality and finishing of object
Reducing the risk of manufacturing as less manual power is used
Reduction in wasting of material
And many more
This technology significantly brought a change in production of objects and their quality. So made in space brought up the idea of manufacturing of these space based and various tools through 3-d printing. The idea was revolutionary but still the agencies doubted on the efficiency and working of these machines in space. Sp for this, as in collaboration with MadeInSpace sent a 3-d machine in 2014 . The machine manufactured the object from plastic which was from earth and regolith which is the powder rock and the objects were commanded to be printed. And the mission was successful as strong objects were able to be printed. So this technique made it very easy to set up base or anything easy to be made in space and thus reducing the material required to be sent for manufacturing them. This truly is beneficial as the moon soils rock Regolith which is converted into powder form, thus we just need to send plastic material which wood be mixed with the regolith and would be passed on through a heated nozzle to get the desired shape.
“With the help of this technique it would be feasible for us to send things in space which could manufacture and assemble themselves. These are truly revolutionary technologies which truly will open our approach to space, along with different possibilities, new adventures and certain different problems which might even be solved soon in the future with other better ideas and technologies”.
Capital structure signifies the composition of the amount of long-term financing and according to Gerstenberg, “Capital structure means the types of securities to be issued and the proportionate amounts that makeup capitalization”. Long term finds can be obtained from owners and borrowers. The owner’s fund consists of equity shares, preference shares, and retained earnings. Borrower’s fund (debt capital) includes debentures and other long term borrowings and the ratio between the owner’s fund (equity) and borrower’s fund is decided under the capital structure.
DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE
As stated earlier capital structure decision is highly individualistic and the capital structure of a company is planned initially when the company is floated. The initial capital structure must be designed very carefully since it will have long-term implications. However, the capital structure decision is a continuous one and has to be taken every time whenever a firm needs additional finances. Several factors affect the capital structure of a firm. Some of the important factors which must be kept in mind while determining the capital structure are discussed as follows:
1. Cash flow position
While choosing if capital structure the future cash flow position must be considered before issuing debt. Cash flow must not only cover fixed cash payment obligations but there must be sufficient buffer also, it must be kept in mind that a company has cash payments obligations for (i) Normal business operations; (ii) for investment in fixed assets; and (iii) for meeting the debt service commitments i.e. payment of interest and repayment of principal.
2. Interest Coverage Ratio
By the use of this ratio, it can ascertain whether the company can pay interest or not. The greater this ratio, the more will be the capacity of the company to use debt. The ratio can be calculated as under:
Interest coverage ratio= Earnings before interest & Taxes/ Interest
3. Debt Service coverage ratio- DSCR:
The debt service coverage ratio takes care of the weaknesses referred to in the interest coverage ratio-ICR. A higher DSCR indicated better ability to meet cash commitments and consequently, the company’s potential to increase debt components in its capital structure.
4.Cost of Debt
The capacity of a company to take depends on the cost of debt. In case the firm arranges borrowed funds at a low rate of interest then it will prefer more debt as compared to equity and vice versa.
5. Tax rate
High tax rate makes debt cheaper as the interest paid to debt security holder is subtracted from income before calculating tax whereas companies have to pay tax on dividend paid to shareholders. So high-end tax rate means prefer debt whereas at low rate tax the company can prefer equity in the capital structure.
6. Cost of equity capital
The cost of a source of finance is the minimum rate of return expected by its Suppliers. Equity shareholders bear the maximum risk because no rate of dividend is fixed. To pay interest on debentures is a statutory liability of the company whether the company earns a profit or not. Thus, debt is cheaper as compared to ordinary share capital. The cost of debt becomes lesser because interest is a charge on the taxable income.
Precisely multi decade back, 4G was the hot new thing, TVs were monstrous, and everybody’s mobile phones slid open. Simply envision what the following ten years will bring. On the off chance that we truly satisfy our innovational potential, it’ll be a huge number of advancements that will effectively yank our planet away from the tricky edge it is wavering upon. You know, the one where we’re going to dive into irreversible atmosphere calamity. A dull reality! We should reign in the fate and anguish for a second however and center around the now.
Toward the start of January, a tremendous customer hardware public exhibition called CES is held in Las Vegas, where organizations of all shapes and sizes uncover all the cool new stuff that they’ve been taking a shot at. A lot of this stuff is not even close to being prepared to really offer to genuine shoppers, since it’s excessively extraordinary or advanced or high-idea or the entirety of the abovementioned.
What’s more, in case you’re searching for the cool sort of tech that you can purchase at the present time, head along these lines for our top picks devices—from earbuds to cutting edge jean coats—of the previous year.
Mercedes-Benz VISION AVTR
Graciousness
It is highly unlikely in damnation this machine will hit black-top in 2020. It may never hit black-top. All things considered, it is both crazy and earth-accommodating, so along these lines significant. To make the AVTR, Mercedes-Benz collaborated with James Cameron and the Avatar group, subsequently the name, to conceptualize exactly how a vehicle can get one with its condition without really being a plant—and converge with its driver with no essential tail interfacing. The appropriate response is the progressed, theoretical innovation of AVTR that Mercedes-Benz exhibited at CES, extending from independent driving (there’s no directing haggle) fiercely proficient electric battery to neurons that stream around the vehicle to detect travelers’ vitality. Sure! Furthermore, the depiction of this vehicle ish vehicle continues getting more stunning. It can roll sideways like a crab on turning wheels. The back is secured with smaller than usual sun based boards. It perceives its driver’s breathing examples. It does everything except for fly. We will need to reconsider how we envision the eventual fate of transportation.
KEEP Cannabis Storage
Civility
We’re jumping from the future back to the present, where cannabis is getting dressed up to facilitate its way to legitimization and social acknowledgment. The new KEEP stockpiling compartment for cannabis is watchful outwardly—its presentation has a clock and climate data—yet it opens to uncover various extra rooms for various types of cannabis items and a moving plate. The kicker is its locking framework, which works through facial acknowledgment or an information encoded application. On the off chance that somebody who isn’t you is attempting to get into your reserve, at that point you’ll get a warning, which is viable in the event that you have houseguests, children, or ravenous flat mates. KEEP is accessible for pre-request now for $152, with shipments inexactly wanted to go out in the spring. (Amusingly, Keep Labs was given an advancement grant by CES however banished from utilizing cannabis symbolism or verbage at CES, so it skirted the show.
Samsung Sero TV
Kindness
CES is in every case enthusiastic about TV declarations, and particularly important is Samsung’s new Sero TV, since its characterizing highlight goes past LED and 4K and what have you. It appears to be so self-evident: a TV that advances from the flat plane to the, wheeze, vertical plane. That is the thing that Samsung is doing with The Sero, which signifies “vertical” in Korean. This QLED TV, effectively accessible in South Korea and going worldwide this year, flips with the goal that longways it looks like a 43-inch telephone screen. That implies it’s optimal for reflecting an Instagram or TikTok feed from your Galaxy telephone, should you have one. What a stunt. Also, here you trusted you’d be taking a gander at your telephone screen less in 2020.
LG Signature OLED TV R
Kindness
One of LG’s 2020 TVs advances from even to non-existent by folding down into its base when it’s not required. LG appeared this OLED 4K HDR savvy TV at CES a year ago, and this year affirmed that the thing will go marked down in the U.S. at some point in 2020. And all you need is a reputed $60,000, as indicated by CNET. That’s right, $60,000 for a 65-inch TV that squares and afterward unblocks a view, embodying the expression “less screen time” yet leaving you with a not-irrelevant base to battle with. In any event that screen is move tried to guarantee the best quality (for example no breakage or scratches) for quite a long time. In any case, when one CES TV flips and another vanishes through and through, we realize tech organizations are getting astounding with how we sit in front of the TV.
Alienware Concept UFO
Kindness
The selling point for this gaming contraption is straightforward: It’s the Nintendo Switch of PC gaming, with separable cons, a “connect” to associate those two isolates cons to make one major controller, an eight-inch show, and a kickstand to prop up the screen. Be that as it may, most fundamentally, Alienware analyzes its capacity to that of a PC gaming gadget to help games that the Switch won’t. Shockingly however, it’s only an idea with no solid designs for creation or rollout, so you’re left with the Switch library or your telephone until further notice.
PopSocket PopPower Home
Graciousness
This device should’ve appeared in any event a year prior. In the event that you’ve become tied up with PopSocket culture, you realize it’s fundamentally difficult to accuse a more up to date cell phone of a PopGrip on the back utilizing a remote, Qi-empowered charger without expelling the PopGrip, which is an undeniable irritation. So PopSocket discharged its answer, planned to CES: a remote charger with a little hole dug out on a superficial level for the PopGrip to fit snuggly into without hindering the charging procedure. They’re $60 each, and they’re as of now sold out. Clearly, there were a great deal of baffled PopSocketers out there.
Quibi
Graciousness
Exactly when you’d thought you were paying for each spilling administration accessible to humanity, another springs up. As Quibi prepares itself for an April 6 introduction on cell phones, however not TVs, it gave a keynote address at CES to account for itself. The bluff notes form: It’s a membership based help with unique programming for telephone seeing as it were. For instance, its films could be sectioned into 10-minute clasps, or shows could have short-enough scenes to see effectively in a hurry. A portion of the substance was shot in a manner so that in the event that you flip your telephone while watching it, you’ll get an alternate point of view. What’s more, Quibi has huge name on-screen characters marked on for secretive tasks, as Chrissy Teigen, Zac Efron, Idris Elba, and Steph Curry. In case you’re sold—or even only a smidgen inquisitive concerning how this is not quite the same as Netflix—you can hope to pay $5 every month for Quibi with promotions and $8 per month for Quibi sans advertisements.
Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Fold
Graciousness
Collapsing screens are so hot at the present time. They’re simply not extremely down to earth, essentially on the grounds that, as for the situation with the Samsung Galaxy Fold, they feel as though a firm shake will break their screens. However, there’s space to develop and improve, as showed by Lenovo’s new foldable PC, the ThinkPad X1 Fold. There are a great deal of setups where to utilize it, and should you need a progressively conventional PC set-up, it accompanies a smaller than usual console connection that folds into the machine. The OLED show is 13.3 inches, the machine is 2.2 pounds, and the pivot in as far as anyone knows pressure tried. Lenovo plans to get it out mid-2020, beginning at $2,499. Weber Connect Smart Grilling Hub
Civility
This is a great one: Weber designed a $130 gadget that connects to your flame broil and matches up with your cell phone so you can more readily screen the temperature and done-ness of your meat and veggies. That implies warnings and data through a Weber application. In the event that you name yourself a “barbecue ace” while utilizing it, that considers cheating. In any case, the food will represent itself with no issue. Hydraloop
Razer Tomahawk
Civility
This DIY work area PC is most likely not at all like one you’ve seen previously, chiefly in light of the fact that it’s littler than the large, blaring, form your-own PCs accessible at this point. Razer’s new Tomahawk is secluded, so you can pop parts into place—no instruments required, so Razer says—with an incredible and exceptionally minimized Intel PC and amazing designs for gaming.
“He listened to my idea for a minute, started (resumed) playing the game (on PlayStation) and said, ‘Do what you want, I have complete belief in you.’ And the next day I started bowling over the stumps.” Said Ravichandran Ashwin in an interview with Cricbuzz decoding the strategy of Warner’s dismissal (in Bengaluru Test, 2017) that he had mentally worked out, to his Captain. Need I say anything more about how should a good leader be? “Ashwin had picked up 2 wickets in the first innings including that of Warner and in the second innings he ran through the Australian batting line-up by picking six for 41 as India drew level with a 75-run victory.
India then went on to win the series 2-1.” (Source: Hindustan Times) Virat has, for sure, set some high standards in always backing the instincts of his bowlers and letting them experiment freely, while also chipping in with his valuable inputs and setting the wickets of/field for particular batsmen.
“All three of us — Ishant (Sharma), (Jasprit) Bumrah, and I want to bowl with a new ball. When we are not able to choose, we approach Virat to decide. But he throws the ball back in our court saying whatever you all decide is fine by me,” Shami said. Source: India TV
“We were playing the 3rd Test against Sri Lanka at the Feroz Shah Kotla. It was getting into a draw and Chandimal was batting on 140 or 150, Ash was bowling, Chandimal hit one towards midwicket. It was in the mandatory overs, the match was going to end and he got a 248 in that match if I am not mistaken. And he runs as if his life depended on that ball, picks that ball and does an acrobatic throw,” R Sridhar, The fielding Coach of Team India told FanCode.
“You have a captain, who comes out to fielding practice till the time he is bleeding, I have seen that. There have been times where I would tell him – Virat enough. I have to save Virat from Virat sometimes. You have a captain like that, for me, it’s a dream come true,” he added. Source: cricketaddictor.com
During an exclusive interview on Star Sports Cricket Connected, Gautam Gambhir said, “He was always a very smart cricketer, but then he turned his entire T20 career into a very successful one, just by being supremely fit. Probably because he does not have the strength of Chris Gayle, he doesn’t have the ability of AB de Villiers, he probably does not have the ability of somebody likes Jacques Kallis or Brian Lara. The biggest strength he’s got is now his fitness and he’s turned that into his game as well, that’s why he has become so successful, so you got to give it to the guy. The most important thing is that he runs really well between the wickets, not many people do it.” Source: m.mid-day.com Also checkout: https://internationaljournalofresearch.com/2020/06/09/virat-kohli-the-man-who-brought-about-a-fitness-revolution-in-global-cricket/
“I remember when I was new in the team he backed me a lot. In fact, now also, he is always there for me. He always appreciates your skills and we have a great tuning together,” he further added.
Kuldeep further went on to reveal Kohli’s best quality. “The best quality of Virat is that he also understands the team and its player’s well which makes our job easy on field,” he said.
In an interview also with Hindustan Times, Chahal said that Virat ‘talks me out of the negative mindset’. Even if I am being hit by a batsman, Virat Bhaiya turns to me and talks me out of that negative mindset. That rapport is also there when we play for RCB.
On Star Sports’ show Cricket Connected, Yuzvendra Chahal said, “I have been playing with him for around 6 years now since our RCB days. One thing I have learned is that he is a down to earth person. No matter how much fame he has got, he will take everyone with him — whether it’s personal or on field; that I have learned from him.”
I know that he’s a gym freak and how he has changed his body. I want to learn that from him. I have seen him since he was 18-19- the transformation after 2012 or 2013, if anyone adopts even 30 per cent of what Virat did, it’s more than enough.”
In a recent chat in the fifth episode of ‘The Mind Behind’,
Rahul was questioned which batsman he would pick if he had to select someone to bat for his life. In his reply, the 27-year-old named Kohli as his choice. “I’ll go with Virat because I know, everybody knows he is a great player,” he said. We share a great friendship and he will give it all to save my life”.
“Virat, Rohit (Sharma) or Ravi sir don’t come and teach you the game. They have given me that freedom,” said Hardik Pandya.
“The security that they gave me backing with all their heart helped big time. That was the reason I started taking decisions on my own,” he added
Being blatantly honest here, maximum of these quoted statements of the articles are published within the previous 24 hours only. And if I go on to find more instances to support the fact how great a leader this man is, I’d terribly fail cause there are umpteen number of incidents happening ever since the guy became the Test Captain in 2015 post World Cup and India’s full-time captain in early 2017 and there are a lot more bound to happen provided that he stays motivated & passionate, which I know, you know, whole of India knows and the entire cricketing fraternity knows too, that he would and the blessings from the God keep outpouring.
Kohli smashed his 28th ODI ton with a stunning knock of 111* off 115 deliveries during the 5th India Vs West Indies ODI on 6th July, 2017 in Jamaica while chasing 206.
However, one is always in the learning phase and never *The know-it-all* or *The Perfect* and Virat has always continued to keep this thing in mind, neglecting the impact of rankings on his game & mindset, but at the same time, staying grounded and expressing gratitude for the achievements. He is always keen to explore, learn more and improve consistently without thinking of the results cause they automatically follow if the process is done rightly and the intention is to drive the team forward. Let’s hear the man himself post he won all the 3 ICC awards in 2018. https://www.facebook.com/icc/videos/363263704471608/?app=fbl
We daily come across hundreds of advertising messages on her phones, laptops, newspapers, television etc which tell us about various products such as toothpaste, soft drinks and services such as insurance policies, hotels, banking services etc.
So let us understand today what is advertising? What are it’s objectives and what are its benefits?
Advertising is the most commonly used tool of promotion. It is an interpersonal form of communication which is paid for by the marketers to promote goods and services. The most common forms of advertising are newspapers, magazines, television and radio.
Features of advertising –
Paid Form: Advertising is a paid form of communication where sponsor or marketer has to bear the cost of communicating with prospects.
Impersonality : Advertising is a one way communication. There is no direct face to face contact between prospect and the advertiser.
Identified Sponsor : Advertising is undertaken by some identified individual or company, who makes all the advertising efforts and bear cost of it.
Merits of Advertising –
1. Mass Reach – Advertising is a medium through which we can reach large number of people over a vast geographical area. For example -Information about mobile launched in Delhi reaches to every village, city and other countries through advertising.
2. Enhances Customer Satisfaction and Confidence – When a product is advertised in newspapers or on television then it creates confidence among prospective buyers as they become assured abut product quality, brand etc and hence feel more satisfied.
3. Expressiveness – Even simply products looks more attractive due to advertising because of the graphics and designs used in it which easily attracts the customers.
4. Economy – Advertising is a very economical mode of communication. Because of its wide reach, the overall cost of advertising gets spread over numerous communication links established due to which per unit coat becomes low.
Limitations of Advertising –
1. Less Forceful – As it is an impersonal form of communication it is less effective as unlike personal selling it has no compulsion on the prospects to pay attention to the message.
2. Lack of Freedom – The evaluation of the effectiveness of advertising message is very difficult as there is no immediate and accurate feedback mechanism of message that is delivered.
3. Inflexibility – Advertising is less flexible as it is not tailor made to the requirements of different customers groups. It is usually standardised form catering to the needs of different people.
4. Low Effectiveness – As the volume of advertising is getting more expanded it is becoming difficult to make advertising messages heard by the target prospects. This is affecting its effectiveness.
Objections To Advertising –
Different people have different views on advertising. Some say it is a social waste as it adds to cost, multiplies the needs of people and undermines social values. Others argue that it is very necessary as I increases the reach, brings the pay unit cost of production down and adds to growth of economy. Let’s examine these arguments and see the extent to which they are true.
1. Adds to Cost- The opponents argue that advertising unnecessarily adds to the cost of product, which is ultimately passed on to buyers in form of high prices. The proponents say however it costs lot of money but it helps to increase demand for the product as large number of potential buyers comes to know about availability of product, it’s features etc. This increased demand will lead to higher production, which brings with it economies of scale.
2. Undermines Social Values – Some say advertising helps buyers by informing them about any new products while some say it undermines social values and promotes materialism. It breeds discontent among people as they come to know about new products and feel dissatisfied with their present state of affairs. Some advertisements even show new lifestyles which don’t find social approval.
3. Confuses the buyers – Now a days so many products are advertised making similar claims that buyers get confused as to which one is true and one can rely in it. The supporters of advertisiments argue that we are all rational human beings who make our decisions for purchase of products on factors such as price, size, style etc. Thus buyers can clear confusion by analysing the information provided on advertisements and other sources before taking decision to buy a product.
4. Encourages Sale of Inferior Products – Advertising does not distinguish between superior and inferior products and persuade people to even buy inferior products. Mainly it depends upon customers. If the product suits their requirements whether inferior or superior they will buy the product. However no advertisement should make false claim about the quality of product. If it makes false claims it can be prosecuted for the same.
5. Bad taste advertisements – Another criticism against advertising is that some are in bad taste showing things which is generally not approved. For example – Women running after a man because of a particular perfume. This is impractical and strange .While some advertisements distorts the relationship like employer employee and are quite offensive.
In the above article we have seen various views both of opponents and proponents of advertising. There may be chances that advertising as a tool is misused which can be properly safeguard by the law or by developing a code of conduct by the advertisers for their self regulation. However most of the criticism are not true. In this changed economic environment of globalisation advertising is considered as an important tool of marketing. It helps a firm to easily communicate with its target market thus increasing sales and reducing performance unit cost of production. It is not a social waste, rather it adds value to the social cause by giving a boost to production and generating employment.
” If you are trying to persuade people to do something, or buy something, it seems to me you should use their language, the language in which they think” – David Ogilvy
“We find that advertising works the way the grass grows. You can never see it, but every week you have to move the lawn”– Andy Travis
These apps have the ability to bombard users with unwanted ads
Google has removed over 30 popular apps, including the ones that add beauty filters to your photos, from the Play Store after these were discovered to have malicious malware. These apps will not be available for download from the Play Store for new users, but the 20 million users who have already downloaded them need to make sure they uninstall the apps from their phones to avoid security mishaps. Among the 30+ apps, it’s the third-party selfie apps that have found to be most fraudulent. As per security researchers WhiteOps, the apps have the ability to bombard users with unwanted ads and redirect them to websites without ever clicking on a link. It should also be noted that in some cases, it was nearly “impossible” for users to delete these apps once downloaded.
Here are the apps, published by WhiteOps, that have been removed from Google Play Store. If you have them installed, get rid of them as soon as possible.
The aforementioned apps have collectively amassed more than 20 million downloads. WhiteOps explained in its websites that these apps render fraudulent advertising in users’ devices. “What these apps all have in common – besides their fraudulent tactics – is their focus on beauty. Most purport to be selfie apps that add beauty filters to users’ pictures, while at the same time showing ads out of context and making it nearly impossible to remove the apps themselves.”
In the time since that first app was published, the fraudsters published a new app every 11 days on average. Notably, most of these apps were available for a duration of around 17 days each before they were pulled down. “But even with an average of less than three weeks of time on the Play Store, the apps found an audience: the average number of installs for the apps we analysed was 565,833,” the research reads.
If you’re wondering how these apps avoid detection in the first place? Well, the White Ops paper notes that most of these apps use “packers” that are hidden in the APK in the form of extra DEX files. “Historically, packing binaries is a common technique malware developers use to avoid being detected by security software like antivirus. Packed files in Android are not new and can’t be assumed to be malicious, as some developers use packing to protect their intellectual property and try to avoid piracy,” the research paper added.
Apart from this, the developers also use Arabic characters, reducing readability for people, in various places of the apps’ source code to avoid detection. “These numbers tell a story of a cat and mouse game, in which the Play Store hunts down the fraudster and keeps them in check by removing fraudulent apps as quickly as they’re discovered. The fraudster likely developed a more robust mechanism to avoid detection and removal. A batch of 15 apps, all published after September 2019, had a much slower removal rate using those new techniques.”
The enormous increase in the population is called population explosion. Population explosion is one of the major problems that all developing countries face. According to a report by the United Nations Population Fund, the total number of population is likely to reach 10 billion by 2025. Though India ranks second in population, it has the highest density of population in the world. India’s population is growing at an alarming rate. India alone has a population of more than one billion, inspite of the fact that India was the first country in the world to have a population policy. There are several factors that contribute to high population. In the past, short life span of people limited population growth. But today’s world, the rate of death has decreased to an extent that it creates a rapid increase in the population in many countries. This was achieved by improved nutrition, sanitation, and medical care. This results in excess population.
Over population creates many problems like lack of adequate food, adequate drinking water, shelter, education, and employment. It also leads to depletion of natural resources, increased level of pollution, deforestation and loss of ecosystem. It allows poverty to persist. Some fear that overcome that overpopulation will bring the extinction of the human race. More public education is needed to develop awareness about population growth. Population education should be a subject for study in schools and colleges to develop an awareness of the population problems. Action plans and strategies can be developed to increase the public understanding of how rapid population growth limits our basic needs. World poverty can be reduced only if the population growth is brought under control. Take care of the world that takes care of you.
” If unchecked, population would grow in geometric progression while food production could only grow in arithmetic progression “- Thomas Malthus
Sorry vegetarians, this post is still for you to go through. Did you know or remember that the world most liked post of Instagram was for an image of an egg posted on 4th January 2019, which set the world record is now at 54.5 million likes, and it is still growing. White or brown eggs, when we have them for breakfast or in cakes or several other recipes, we know that eggs are good for health, bodybuilding and it acts as a vital source for daily body requirement. But what exactly is an egg? It’s a cell overall, with the zygote, which fertilizes later if it is under the necessary condition.
Are these eggs happy or sad? We don’t know.
Okay, concluding to the actual topic, what’s all about the second-largest egg? The giant egg ever recorded was of a 1,000 year-old extinct flightless elephant bird at Madagascar. The recently discovered egg is a 66 million-year-old egg laid by an ancient reptile. Let’s uncover the mystery about it. The egg found as a fossil at Seymour Island, Antarctica. It may look like a deflated football, and the size is considerably huge, with the dimensions 28 cm by 18 cm kept at the National Museum of Natural History, Chile.
The Thing, that’s the name of the egg given. Courtesy: National Museum of Natural History, Chile
Nicknamed as “The Thing,” the most giant soft-shelled egg, also being the first fossil egg found in Antarctica, is said to be of a mosasaur (marine lizards) or the long-necked plesiosaurs. The egg-to-body size ratio of 259 modern reptiles made as a part of a comparison with existing records concluding that the animal should be more than 20 feet long, excluding the tail.
The shocking fact to the scientist was that these animals were viviparous; that is, they give birth to young ones, but it wasn’t in this case. This egg found way back in 2011, but Julia Clarke, an enthusiast in the field of bird evolution and the dinosaurs, came across this egg in 2018 when she visited the museum.
A possible illustration of how a mosasaur may have laid eggs while being in the water.
There is no proper evidence of how the eggs got laid, but the researchers have two contending ideas. Birth of a new organism occurred while eggs got hatched in the open water, similar to some species of sea snakes or else reptiles leaving the eggs on a beach as sea turtles do. But conflicting to the approaches, giant marine reptiles were too hefty, and they won’t be able to support their body weight on land. So, the creatures may have to twist their tail on the shore while staying underwater.
Will the egg break?
Well, that’s all about one of the oldest eggs ever discovered. Today the egg we consume is comparatively tiny. Still, it is rich in protein of about 13 grams per 100 grams. It is a source of livelihood for many poultry farmers. Breaks as we hit, or if it falls by mistake, the shell isn’t that strong. A small science tip, next time, try holding an egg in your hand and crush it from the top and the bottom. Comment if it breaks, but I won’t be responsible for the messy smell. Similarly, you can motivate yourself to be that strong and survive for a longer time like the recently researched egg did.
If everything was fine, then India had became the first country to land it’s spaceship on the south pole of moon. Before this, America, China and Russia had also done soft landing on the but not on the South pole. It can be said that it is difficult to go on South pole so that the mission moon left 2.1 Km less away from the lunar surface. When Chandrayaan-2 was just to land on the surface of the moon that Vikram lander lost contact with it.
PM Narendra Modi was also arrived to ISRO Banglore headquater to become a witnesses of this historical moment, but at the end the journey of Chandrayaan-2 of 47 days left incomplete.
Was this a failure or there a success in this failure? Why the journey of Chandrayaan-2 left incomplete at the end moment? Was there any technological problem?
At the end moment, Vikram Lander lost the contact with ground station. Chairman of ISRO told that when the Vikram Lander of ISRO was 2.1 km away from the lunar surface of moon, at that time it lost the contact with ground station.
PM Narendra Modi discussed with the scientists of ISRO’s control room and indicated that Vikram lander was in hurry to land on the moon’s surface. At the end moment, there was any defect so that they cannot get success. There was a disappointment from Vikram Lander but this mission was not failed, because Chandrayaan-2 orbiter is working on the moon’s surface. In this orbiter there are many scientific equipments and they are doing well. Vikram Lander and Pragyan Rover were used and it has definately suffered a setback. There is a success in this failure. India has reached the orbiter before, but this orbiter was more modern than before. Chandrayaan-2’s orbiter was more modern and equipped with scientific instruments than Chandrayaan-1 orbiter.
The use of Vikram Lander and Pragyan Rover was for first time. But the chairman of ISRO Dr K Sivan said that it doesn’t matter that it’s Southern pole or equitorial plane, difficulties are same for each. He clearly said that be it is Southern pole or even other, in all there are same challanges for each.
It is true that Chandrayaan-2 was sent at a new place so that new things can be seen. There was no benefit to go on older so new place was selected. Orbiter is still working. The discovery of water on moon was a main aim of India and is continued by orbiter. In future it’s data will also be seen. That was a scientific mission and it had taken 11 year to be completed. It’s orbiter was successful and lander rover was unsuccessful. Due to this failure, ISRO won’t go back ad Pm Modi also repeated this.
America, China and Russia got success in soft landing to moon’s surface. Soft landing means to land a satellite through a lander protectively and it will work smoothly.
In the whole world, less than 50% mission got success. Who understands the space science they will definitely give encouragement to this practice of India. Now the next mission of ISRO is Gaganyaan in which an astronaut will be sent.
Luxembourg is European landlocked country, situated in northern-western Europe. Luxembourg is one of the world’s smallest countries. Its surrounded by Belgium on the west and north, France on the south, and Germany on the northeast and east. Luxembourg has come under the control of many states and ruling houses in its long history, but it has been a separate, if not always autonomous, political unit since the 10th century.
Its capital, Luxembourg City is one of the four official capitals of the European Union. Luxembourg has three official languages i.e. French, German and national language Luxembourgish. Its culture is specially affected by the France and Germany. The repeated invasion by Germany, especially during the World War 2, resulted in the country’s strong will for mediation between France and Germany as well as including the foundation of European Union.
This country spread an area of 2,586 sq. km. (as per Wikipedia site), it is one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe. In 2019, Luxembourg recorded 6.26 hundred thousand as population. It is one of least populated country in the world. Luxembourg is a developed country, it is empowered with advance economy and of the world’s highest GDP.
Political System:
This country is a constitutional monarchy, a parliamentary democracy and a prominent financial center. The country is a member of the Benelux Economic Union and was one of the founding members of European Union. Monarchical chief of the state is the Grand Duke of Luxembourg. Head of the government is the Prime Minister appointed by the Grand Duchy (normally most popular voted candidate).
Geographical Condition
The northern third of Luxembourg, known as the Oesling, compromises a corner of the Ardennes Mountains, which lie mainly in southern Belgium. It is a plateau that averages 1,500 feet(450 metres) in elevation and is composed of schists and sandstones. This forested highland region is incised by the deep valleys of a river network organized around the Suer (or Sauer) River, which runs eastward through north-central Luxembourg before joining the Moselle (or Mosel) River on the border with Germany. The Oesling’s forested hills and valleys support the ruins of numerous castles, which are a major attraction for the region’s many tourists. The fertility of the relatively thin mountain soils of the region was greatly improved with the introduction in the 1890s of a basic-slag fertilizer, which is obtained as a by-product of the grand duchy’s steel industry.
Climate
Luxembourg has a mild climate with considerable precipitation. The north is slightly colder and more humid than the south. The mean temperatures in Luxembourg city range from the mid-30s F (about 0.7 °C) in January to the low 60s F (about 17 °C) in July, but in the Oesling both extremes are slightly lower. The Oesling receives more precipitation than the Bon Pays, but the greatest amount, about 40 inches (1,000 mm), and the least, about 27 inches (about 685 mm), fall in the southwest and southeast, respectively. The sheltered valley of the Moselle River benefits from a gentler and sunnier climate than does the rest of the duchy.
International Journal of Research (IJR) 