BIGGEST MANUFACTURER OF WORLD: CHINA

Whenever we go to the market and if we observe more than 50% of products have label and tags on which it is written: “MADE IN CHINA”. Due to which many buyer and seller might wonder ‘though china is a communist country’ still it is the world’s biggest manufacturer. Many of the product of china is similar to the US and other countries still most of the people buy Chinese product because of its lower price.

During the time famine which was faced by the Chinese in 1958-1961, they lost their economy and crisis took place at that time but as the time passes they rebuild themselves and today they are Biggest Manufacturer of the world

China is known to be “the world’s factory” because of the following reasons:

  • Low wages

During late 20 century, people were divided into 2 category urban and rural but as time changes they started internal migration many rural people came to the urban city for the work as we all know China is the most populated country in the world that’s why the supply of worker is more for working on low wages then the demand of worker this help china in production of goods as if the wages will be low then price of the product will be low.

Also, they don’t believe in the law of child labour but this law seems to be changing and also they have increased their minimum wages.

According to 2020 report, minimum hours cost in shanghai is 22 Yuan which is $3.16 her and if we consider of the month then it is 2480 Yuan which is around $355 and on the other hand in Shenzhen, the monthly wages is 2200 Yuan which is $315 and hourly it is considered as 20.3 Yuan ($2.91). Since the wages are low therefore the price of product decrease

And if we talk about the western country their main focus is on minimum wage value and child labour. This makes a difference in the price of the same kind of product.

  • LOWER COMPLIANCE

In certain countries mainly western are very strict and concern about their rules and guidelines regarding child labour, minimum wage rates, labour laws etc. but at the same time if we talk about china they don’t have any such strict rule regarding child labour or worker’s laws most of the industries don’t follow any such rules.

Child labour in industries of china has long shifted and also they are not provided with any compensation insurance not only this many companies follow the policy to pay wages once a year to the workers. This is the way to keep the workers form quitting before the year ends.

Nowadays workers are standing for their rights and government are now quite concerned about workers rights however, slowly and gradually these laws are taking place in industries regarding child labour, environmental protection and minimum wages.

  • BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

China is involved in trading from many years during AD 1371-1433 china exchange goods; culture and religion with other countries like South Asia and the Middle East through the silk route

After that, as time passes on of the most famous person from Ming Dynasty called captain Zheng took 7 trips to establish trading contact with countries like- Africa, India, Arabia and South East Asia through the Sea route. So, it is quite clear from this that China has a large history of trading with other countries and for this, they need network supplier, customer, component manufacturer, distributor, government agencies. This is good for the business and china has all such link which helps them to grow their work worldwide.

  • TAX AND DUTIES

In 1985 china came up the policy to rebate the export tax and also they abolish the system of double tax on export goods which means zero% of VAT (value-added tax) which means they enjoyed the rebate policy and VAT exemption also this help to lower down the price of their goods this policy also attract the investor and companies produce low-cost goods.

  • CURRENCY

Most of the time China is a summons for artificially depreciating the value of Yuan which provide them to export similar kinds of goods produced by their competitor country U.S.

China always takes care of rising in Yuan they buy the dollar and sell Yuan.

In late 2005 according to one report, the value of Yuan was 30% against the dollar after that in 2017 the value raises to 8% against the dollar

Although in 2018 trend got to change and Yuan got depreciate against Dollar, in the beginning, the US adds the tariffs to china goods but then on 8th August 2019 central bank of china lower the Yuan to 7.0205 per Dollar this allow china to export their good with a lower price of the product but also this results in Trade war between China and US.

  • CONCLUSION

With the help of cheap labour and less compliance and business environment help china to become “largest manufacturer of the world” but also at the same time artificially depreciating the value of Yuan result in a trade war between both US and China because of the lower price we able to see most of the product in the market with the label ‘Made In China.’

FARMER SUICIDES AND PREVENTION.

Way to control suicides.

PATTIKONDA:09/07/2020

As,India is an agrarian economy which is pre dominant sector of economy. Nearly 70 percent populatoin still depend on farming.but,farmers commits suicide is a major Drawback for India. The back boners of nation is loss their lives for various reasons.

The Main reasons of suicides are debt,low yielding,stress,Apathy,money lenders pressure,crop failure,family problems and lack of knowledge.

Preventions: one of the most effective and single plan is by active plan of Government in advance of real issues. The Dependency of Agriculture on nature should be reduce. Prevention of crop failure is first aim.

By using proper management of water it can be reduced some extent. Make Institutional finance available to every farmer to save them from money lenders. This helps to avoid major suicides in India.By giving loans and profits ,farmers are not commit suicides.

Farmers are need to advised and Guided on economical methods of cultivation which would save crop loss. The Modern technics and Advanced Agriculture is trained to maintain by small Farmers.

The government could also helps to explose the pooling of lands of small farmers from land lords. It can encouraged to develop to financial and encourage to them. Nearly 6000 farmers commited suicide in 2019-2020.

Not a farmers, They are food givers and Back bone to society and Nation

Why angel investors prefer Tech start-ups over Non-Tech?

Start-ups (which indirectly fall under MSEs category of taxation) since 2014 have collected around $100 billion and are on the ever-accelerating way to mark its way to $500 billion by 2025, with a projection to create over 35 – 40 lakh jobs. 

It was a beautiful day for Mr. Singh. He had invested in an idea introduced by a bunch of boys who had recently graduated out of an Engineering College. It was something related to irrigation technology with the name “Ivy-Irri Tech”. Mr. Singh had no idea what it was, but his financial advisor and accountant advised him that the investment would garner good profit in a very short period of time. After he found everything to be appropriate, he wrote off a check for Rs 3 crore for 3,000 shares to Ivy-Irri Tech boys. Today, he received the triple of his investment (i.e., Rs 9 crore) as the start-up was brought under the banner of a multinational corporation (MNC).

Mr. Singh was indeed an ‘angel’ who invested in the start-up seeing the growth projection as calculated by the discounted cash flow (DCF) method. He knew and took all the risks on the idea. Like Mr. Singh, there are a number of high-value individuals in our nation who are approached to invest in a small idea, which the ones presenting are able to convince (or show) to be of big worth in a short period of time.

A few days went by and the boys again contacted him over the notice they received from the Income Tax Dept. The notice stated that they had to pay 30% as ‘Angel Tax’ clause of Section 56(2)(vii b) of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

These start-ups operate in a very vulnerable environment and anything can happen any moment. All the money made in the first half of the day may just vanish off by second. The basic principle of start-ups is a low investment to high yield, in less time.

According to Economic Times, “Angel tax is a term used to refer to the income tax payable on capital raised by unlisted companies via the issue of shares where the share price is seen in excess of the fair market value of the shares sold. The excess realisation is treated as income and taxed accordingly.” This is charged when the initial “angel” investor is an Indian, while foreigners are exempted from it as that’d just add more to Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) category. Also, the value of start-ups is counted against the industry suggested method of DCF with the net value present (NVP) method that increases the difference between the projected margins to the excess premium earned.

Hence, nowthe start-up will have to pay the excess of what they received of initial capital (i.e., Rs 3 crore).  In shares & dividend terms – Mr. Singh bought 3000 @ Rs 10000 each. He sold them (the startup sold it to the MNC) at a premium (excess from Market Value – profit) of Rs 30,000 for each share. Hence, for 3000 shares the excess profit is Rs 6 crore. Now 30% of Rs 6 crore is Rs 1.80 crore and that is what the start-up is charged as “Angel Tax”.

This is a major de-motivation to the hardworking, innovative minds that have worked hard to put up the efforts to bring their dream into happening, just like the “Ivy-Irri Tech” chaps and returned the initial investment in a triple in less than some years, but now are a victim of the ‘Angel Tax’.

However, the income tax regimes in our nation, which are duly unregulated at the helm of dysfunctional bureaucracy and call for immediate reforms at a great extent, do not spare even the ‘angels’. This taxation regime has led to the inclination of angel investors into investing in tech start-ups and deviating from the non-tech cohorts. The falling of start-ups into MSEs category, the very narrow definition of start-ups, and the bureaucracy which looks for an opportunity to put to their advantage, are the reasons for non-tech start-ups being not worth investment against hassles.

Of the limited few exemptions in Angel Tax, the angel investors tend to avoid the non-tech sector as there’s a very obstructive measure which restricts the investment into immovable objects. So if the start-up in non-tech sectors, would involve investment in immovable assets (which is the case in most non-tech start-ups) then the investment would not fall into exemption into start-up’s seed funding and thereby incurring additional taxation. The ruling Govt. has presented a very ambitious plan to lead India to a $5 trillion economy for which there needs to be a safe growth rate in the economy at 11.3% (also assuming rupee falls to the dollar, further) for the next five years with no exception contrary to the present which is less than 4%. Further, with Moody’s downgrading India to ‘Baa3’ category, just one rank above “junk” category, the onset of FDIs flowing into Indian start-ups seems reclusive and does not seem to recover anytime soon. So, the Income Tax Act, 1961 needs to reform from its very core to match up the economic challenges of the 21st century for Indian investors to keep the market afloat and its operations flared up. Time is money, and neither of that we do have. 

Searching- Movie Review

SEARCHING
Searching is a 2018’s social media mystery directed by Aneesh Chaganty, where a father desperately uses every facet of the internet to find out his missing daughter .
Starting on an empty window desktop, to creation of two accounts David (father) and Pamela (mother), the beginning of a new family computer showcases videos of family baking, dates of pam coming back from the hospital, birth and growth of Margo. Pam dies due to cancer and this incident lingers heavily over David and Margo(daughter).
One afternoon, Margo goes out for a study session at her friends house and tells her father that she would do a sleepover at her place. In the midnight Margo calls David a several times but he could not take any of the calls as he was slumbering. Next morning when he called her back, she did not answer. He got more anxious when he noticed that she had not taken her laptop along, which she would cling to, the whole day. Thirty seven hours after David’s 16 year old daughter goes missing without a single lead, he decides to file a missing report and team up with a detective(Debrah Messing).
David’s (John Cho) character was super relevant and real. I could see the annoyance in his eyes when he wasn’t able to find any clue about his daughter. He searched about every small character who would have hints about Margo. But all they had to say was, ‘Sorry, We cannot help you, we don’t know her much’.
Later, when this became a trending news, the same characters were seen crying, making videos and talking about how much they loved her. This draws a notice towards the hypocritical nature of people.
When things and people become popular, people tend to show concern. However they hardly get affected otherwise.
From the very beginning, the movie has a musical store that keeps you know in fictional narrative.
The movie used the name of applications such as Google, Facebook etc for which the movie had to pay. The editing of the movie took one and a half year, so as to make sure the audience can be served with some good content and definitely a lot of suspense.
The ending of the movie has a lot that keeps you bind. You will be wanting to know what happens next. If Margo is alive or dead.

Legality of lockdown



P.M. Narendra Modi declared national lockdown on 24th March 2020 to prevent the spread of global pandemic COVID-19 (Coronavirus) which at initial level started from Wuhan, China. The Ministry of Home Affairs published the official notification, imposed the lockdown and issued guidelines under S/6 and S/10 of the Disaster Management Act.
The terms ‘lockdown’ and ‘curfew’ are not legal terms but are used to restrict the fundamental right of movement under Article 19 (A) of the Indian Constitution. The closest understanding of ‘lockdown’ can be elucidated from the Epidemic Diseases Act (EDA).
The various provisions of Indian Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code, the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 are also being imposed to control the current outbreak.
Impacts of disobeying the national lockdown:
● Disobedience of public servant – S/188 IPC.
● To ensure spread of dangerous disease – S/269 IPC.
● Malignant act of spreading dangerous disease – S/270 IPC.
● Escaping “quarantine” – S/271 IPC.
● Curfew – S/144 CrPC.
Declaring the COVID-19 outbreak as a “notified disaster” is a first-of-its-kind measure taken to increase the scope of government powers to make quick administrative decisions to fight this disease.
Therefore there are a number of words that aren’t a part of law but has to be used to get the law imposed.

IMMANUEL KANT’S MORAL THEORY

The philosophy of Kant centered around the significance of non-public autonomy which persons tough to not be simply used.

Kant was a German philosophy professor who taught at the University of Konigsberg. he’s now considered a central figure within the history of contemporary philosophy. He was a firm believer within the ideas of the Enlightened especially reason and freedom. Kant asserted that we must always not think about the human knower as revolving around objects known. The knowledge he believed wasn’t the passive perception of things even as they’re Forms within the mind determine the spatial and temporal nature of our world and provides experience its basic structures.

MORAL WORTH OF AN ACT

Kant believed the moral worth of an act to be determined not by the implications caused by it but by our motives or intentions. the concept behind this is often that we generally ought to not be blamed or praised for what’s not in our control. He believed the implications of our acts to not be in our control, unlike our motives. Another objection raised by Kant has supported his views that as rational beings or persons mustn’t be seen as having only instrumental value but also intrinsic value.

Kant’s analysis of the common moral concepts of “duty” and “goodwill” led him to believe that we are free and autonomous as long as morality, itself, isn’t an illusion. Yet within the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant also tried to point out that each event encompasses a cause. Kant recognized that there seems to be a deep tension between these two claims: If causal determinism is true then, it seems, we cannot have the sort of freedom that morality presupposes, which is “a quite causality” that “can move, independently of alien causes determining it” (G 4:446).

Kant thought that the sole thanks to resolving this apparent conflict are to tell apart between phenomena, which is what we all know through experience, and noumena, which we will consistently think but not know through experience. Our knowledge and understanding of the empirical world, Kant argued, can only arise within the bounds of our perceptual and cognitive powers. we must always not assume, however, that we all know all that will be true about “things in themselves,” although we lack the “intellectual intuition” that might be needed to find out about such things.

These distinctions, consistent with Kant, allow us to resolve the “antinomy” about power by interpreting the “thesis” that power is feasible as about noumena and also the “antithesis” that each event features a cause as about phenomena. Morality thus presupposes that agents, in an incomprehensible “intelligible world,” are able to make things happen by their own free choices in an exceedingly “sensible world” during which causal determinism is true.

Many of Kant’s commentators, who are skeptical about these apparently exorbitant metaphysical claims, have attempted to create a sense of his discussions of the intelligible and sensible worlds in less metaphysically demanding ways. On one interpretation (Hudson 1994), one and also the same act may be described in wholly physical terms (as an appearance) and also in irreducibly mental terms (as a thing in itself). On this compatibilist picture, all acts are causally determined, but a free act is one that may be described as determined by irreducibly mental causes, and particularly by the causality of reason. A second interpretation holds that the intelligible and sensible worlds are used as metaphors for 2 ways of conceiving of 1 and also the same world (Korsgaard 1996; Allison 1990; Hill 1989a, 1989b). once we are engaged in scientific or empirical investigations, we frequently take up a perspective during which we predict of things as subject to natural causation, but after we deliberate, act, reason and judge, we regularly take up a unique perspective, during which we predict of ourselves et al as agents who don’t seem to be determined by natural causes. Continue reading “IMMANUEL KANT’S MORAL THEORY” →

La Fioritura

Castelluccio, a small village in central Italy has become a centre of lentils and poppy bloom. This happens every year and the event is called La Fioritura (the flowering). It takes place during the period between May to July.People have reported that this year it’s unusually colourful due to the Covid-19 lockdown that has reduced pollution.

Piano Grande

Piano Grande is surrounded by Sibilline group of mountains. It is also an important tourist attractions of Italy.

Rainbow appearance

Due to the variety of flowers that grow here, it looks very colourful and is comparable to the colours in a rainbow. This year it looks more beautiful and the flowers are completely bloomed due to climatic conditions and less pollution.

Nature’s masterpiece

Number of wild flowers bloom across the Castelluccio plain which makes it appear like a painting.The flowers and crops include lentils, poppies, brown pulses, daisies and cornflower make it look like a floral carpet.All the nature lowers should definitely visit this place once in a lifetime.

ICSE, ISC Result will declare by tomorrow

ICSE and ISC result will be announced tomorrow on July 10 confirmed by Council for the Indian School Certificate Examination (CISCE) on its website.

The results will be released on the ‘CAREERS’ portal of the council, counsil’s main website, and through SMS as well .

The result will out at 3 PM .Students can check their result by loging  into the Council’s official website, ‘cisce.org’, and ‘results.cisce.org’. Students can also check their result through SMS. To get results on SMS, students would need to send their Unique id to 09248082883 in the following format : ‘ICSE/ISC (Unique ID)’.






Socially-distant hearts

In the parks of Bristol, UK, hundreds of giant white hearts have been painted considering social distancing.

The hearts are 3 metres wide and have at least space of 2 metres between them.

They are painted by a team of artists from Upfest – Europe’s largest Graffiti festival. The spraying of graffiti on the grass in parks began on Tuesday morning.

Keith Rundle, operations director at Bristol City considers this as a step to safely opening Bristol City after lockdown.

More hearts will be appearing across the area to encourage safe unlock.

This idea can be followed by other countries as well for opening parks and public spaces all over the world. The distance between two hearts will prevent people from coming in contact with each other hence, people can enjoy the fresh air of the parks safely.

ANALYSING MILLS UTILITARIANISM-2

THE GREATEST HAPPINESS PRINCIPLE

Mill says in keeping with the best happiness principle, the last word ends with relation to and for the sake of which all other things are desirable whether of ourselves or of others is an existence exempt as far as possible from pain and as rich as possible in enjoyment both in point of quality and quality. in a very very imperfect state of the world’s arrangements that anyone can best serve the happiness of others by absolutely the sacrifice of his own, Mill recognizes the readiness to form such a sacrifice because of the highest virtue in man. The utilitarian morality does recognize in individuals the facility of sacrificing their own greatest good for the great of others but refuses to admit it as an honest. It doesn’t glorify the sacrifices pretty much as good nor applaud it as this sacrifice doesn’t increase the accumulation of happiness i.e. the ratio becomes 0:1 which is taken into account a d wasted. the sole self-renunciation applauds is devotion to the happiness The utilitarian standard for what’s right conduct isn’t the agent’s own happiness which of others. Utilitarianism requires us to be an as strictly impartial and as disinterested and benevolent spectator

Mill’s Greatest Happiness Principle (Principle of Utility) establishes that happiness is that the ultimate criterion to ascertain what’s moral and what’s not, i.e., the best moral society is that the one where everybody is happy and everybody is freed from pain. Such an inspiration, however, can be problematic, since it’s a fact of life that the happiness of people sometimes conflicts. for example, if individual A thinks that cash may be a fundamental means of accelerating his/her happiness and decreasing his/her suffering and decides to steal from B he/she will, then, be probably happier after he/she has successfully concluded the robbery. the matter is that B is going to be probably less happy and suffering more after being robbed and, thus, if the criterion of utility were based only on the happiness of every individual, it might be completely useless to guide people’s actions, especially those where there’s a conflict of interests. Mill was cognizant of this, which is why he makes it clear that the utilitarian standard isn’t the agent’s own happiness, but the best amount of happiness altogether.2

But what does “the greatest amount of happiness altogether” mean? It seems that Mill provides a solution to the current question when he attempts to prove the principle of utility in chapter 4 of “Utilitarianism”. He says:3

No reason is often given why the overall happiness is desirable, except that every person, thus far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness. This, however, is a fact, we’ve got not only all the proof which the case admits of, but all which it’s possible to need, that happiness is good; that every person’s happiness could be a good to it personally, and also the general happiness, therefore, a decent to the combination of all persons. within the golden rule of Jesus of Nazareth “To do as you’d be done by”and to like your neighbor as you’d love yourself. Continue reading “ANALYSING MILLS UTILITARIANISM-2” →