traditions

Human civilisation has been around for years, and while the achievements we have accomplished and the progress we have made is exceptional, we seem to be forgetting our old traditions. A tradition can be defined as an inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought or behaviour, or cultural continuity in social customs and attitudes. Many don’t seem to realise how important traditions are. Not only are they exciting to look forward to, but also help us find some form of stability and comfort in this ever-changing world. Family traditions can even bring families together and help strengthen the bond between them. 

Traditions are a critical piece of our culture. They help us stay connected to our past and history, and shape us into a good citizen for the future. They reconnect family and old friends and strengthen the bonds which might have weakened during the years. We know that the world is chan, and humanity is always evolving. In such chaotic times, old traditions help us to pause and take a step back from our daily lives. Family traditions can even help improve your character. They have a way of instilling a set of values like charity in the younger generations and help mould a disciplined and functional member of society.

When you are on your deathbed, what will you remember? Your work, or the memories you made with your loved ones? Traditions create pleasant memories with friends and family which can last forever. When life gets stressful, these memories can help bring a smile to your face. They are comforting. Traditions also celebrate the unity and the diversity of a place. They are an opportunity for us to express our gratitude and celebrate the things which matter. They help us reconnect with our souls, and without them life is incomplete.

It is incredibly saddening to see how we have slowly forgotten our traditions. We are too busy with our lives to even talk to the ones closest to us. Our increasing distance from our families and friends only contributes to our stress, and make our lives lose meaning. We have to realise how therapeutic the relations we have and the memories we make with those we love and cherish are. They help keep us grounded and provide us with comfort in stressful times. We have to find some way to reestablish the important and meaningful traditions of our lives.

How can we do this? Reach out to those who you love and celebrate old traditions with them. Put down your devices and reconnect with them. Maybe even try making new ones with new friends and family. A tradition doesn’t have to be a big picnic or vacation. They can be minor things like having a movie night every Friday with friends or making a special breakfast for your family on the weekends. Have traditions you can practice on a monthly, weekly or even daily basis. These might seem trivial, but these are the things which help you find your purpose in life. They will motivate you to keep going when life gets tough.

LAW

It is the discipline and profession concerned with the customs, practices, and rules of conduct of a community that are recognized as binding by the community. Enforcement of the body of rules is through a controlling authority. Articles that delineate the relationship of law to political structures are constitution; ideology; political party; and political system. Law can be divided into two main domains. Public law concerns government and society, including constitutional law, administrative law, and criminal law. Private law deals with legal disputes between individuals and/or organisations in areas such as contracts, property, torts/delicts and commercial law.

LEGAL METHODS

There are distinguished methods of legal reasoning and methods of interpreting the law.

JUDICIARY

A judiciary is a number of judges mediating disputes to determine outcome. Most countries have systems of appeal courts, with an apex court as the ultimate judicial authority. Some countries allow their highest judicial authority to overrule legislation they determine to be unconstitutional.

LEGAL PROFESSION

Legal profession, vocation that is based on expertise in the law and in its applications.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LEGAL PROFESSION

  • Social role
  • Private practice
  • Public-directed practice

CONTEMPORARY TRENDS

The prevalence of mergers between law firms of different countries is indicative of the profound changes in the legal profession brought about by globalization—the increasing exchange across international boundaries of capital, goods, technology, services, personnel, and ideas. Law firms have also taken advantage of technological advances in computers and the Internet to avail themselves of electronic databases for legal research, to provide legal advice to clients far from their home offices, and even to develop software that can be used to reduce the human element in the preparation of contracts, licensing agreements, wills, and other documentation. Supporters of these changes suggest that they will better equip law firms to compete with large accounting firms and other organizations that offer legal services, while opponents worry that they are helping to erode the distinction between law and business.

AREAS OF LAW

  • International law
  • Constitutional law
  • Administrative law
  • Criminal law
  • Contract law
  • Tort law
  • Property law
  • Equity and trusts
  • Labour law
  • Evidence law
  • Family law
  • Transactional law
  • Intellectual property law
  • Commercial law
  • Admiralty law
  • Space law
  • Immigration law
  • Tax law
  • Banking law
  • Consumer law
  • Environmental law
  • Air law
  • Competition law

LEGAL ETHICS

Principles of conduct that members of the legal profession are expected to observe in their practice. In India, under the Advocates Act of 1961, the Bar Council of India is responsible for creating rules for registering advocates, regulation of legal ethics, and for administering disciplinary action.

Principles of legal ethics, whether written or unwritten, not only regulate the conduct of legal practice but also reflect the basic assumptions, premises, and methods of the legal system within which the lawyer operates. They reflect as well the profession’s conception of its own role in the administration of justice.

A system in which a lawyer presents a client’s case in the most favourable light permitted by law and in which the court must decide the merits of the case may well produce different answers than those produced in a system that assigns a higher priority to the lawyer’s duty to the state to assure proper administration of justice.

AREAS OF APPLICATION

  • Conflict of interest
  • Confidential communications
  • Advertising and solicitation
  • Fees
  • Criminal cases
  • globalization

Prambanan Temple: Second Largest Hindu Temple In Southeast Asia

-By Shivam Pathak

One of the prime destinations for tourists in Indonesia is Prambanan temple. The Prambanan temple is also known as Rara Jonggrang. The temple complex is situated in the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is a beauty of Indonesia which is profound throughout the world. Its majestic appearance and distinctive looks makes it quiet impressive.

It is basically a 9th century Hindu temple complex in
Indonesia. It is the largest Hindu temple site in Indonesia, and the second-largest in Southeast Asia. The temple is consecrated to Trimūrti-Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. The temple has also been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the year of 1991. The structure of the temple complex outlines typical elements of Hindu architecture like shikhara. There are lots of legends about the origins of this temple. It is believed that the temple complex was named after the popular legend of Rara Jonggrang.

According to this legend a prince named Bandung Bondowoso wanted to marry Princess Rara Jonggrang, who was the daughter of King Boko, whom he had killed in order to rule over his kingdom. After many attempts the princess agreed to marry him, but before marriage she set a condition before him according to which Bandung had to build one thousand temples in just one night. Later on Bandung however built 999 temples with the help of the spirits, but before he could build the 1000th temple he was tricked by the princess and was not able to complete the 1000th temple.

After this when Bandung came to know that it was princess who tricked him, he gave her a curse due to which the princess became a statue. Therefore, I hope after listening to this interesting legend you all will definitely visit this exotic temple complex in order to unveil the truth behind this legend.

issac newton

Isaac Newton (1642–1727) is best known for having invented the calculus in the mid to late 1660s (most of a decade before Leibniz did so independently, and ultimately more influentially) and for having formulated the theory of universal gravity — the latter in his Principia, the single most important work in the transformation of early modern natural philosophy into modern physical science. Yet he also made major discoveries in optics beginning in the mid-1660s and reaching across four decades; and during the course of his 60 years of intense intellectual activity he put no less effort into chemical and alchemical research and into theology and biblical studies than he put into mathematics and physics.

EARLY LIFE:-

Newton’s life naturally divides into four parts: the years before he entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1661; his years in Cambridge before the Principia was published in 1687; a period of almost a decade immediately following this publication, marked by the renown it brought him and his increasing disenchantment with Cambridge; and his final three decades in London, for most of which he was Master of the Mint.

Newton was born into a Puritan family in Woolsthorpe, a small village in Linconshire near Grantham, on 25 December 1642 (old calendar), a few days short of one year after Galileo died. Isaac’s father, a farmer, died two months before Isaac was born. When his mother Hannah married the 63 year old Barnabas Smith three years later and moved to her new husband’s residence, Isaac was left behind with his maternal grandparents. (Isaac learned to read and write from his maternal grandmother and mother, both of whom, unlike his father, were literate.) Hannah returned to Woolsthorpe with three new children in 1653, after Smith died. Two years later Isaac went to boarding school in Grantham, returning full time to manage the farm, not very successfully, in 1659. Hannah’s brother, who had received an M.A. from Cambridge, and the headmaster of the Grantham school then persuaded his mother that Isaac should prepare for the university.

Newton’s initial education at Cambridge was classical, focusing (primarily through secondary sources) on Aristotlean rhetoric, logic, ethics, and physics. By 1664, Newton had begun reaching beyond the standard curriculum, reading, for example, the 1656 Latin edition of Descartes’s Opera philosophica, which included the Meditations, Discourse on Method, the Dioptrics, and the Principles of Philosophy. By early 1664 he had also begun teaching himself mathematics, taking notes on works by Oughtred, Viète, Wallis, and Descartes — the latter via van Schooten’s Latin translation, with commentary, of the Géométrie. Newton spent all but three months from the summer of 1665 until the spring of 1667 at home in Woolsthorpe when the university was closed because of the plague. This period was his so-called annus mirabilis. During it, he made his initial experimental discoveries in optics and developed (independently of Huygens’s treatment of 1659) the mathematical theory of uniform circular motion, in the process noting the relationship between the inverse-square and Kepler’s rule relating the square of the planetary periods to the cube of their mean distance from the Sun. Even more impressively, by late 1666 he had become de facto the leading mathematician in the world, having extended his earlier examination of cutting-edge problems into the discovery of the calculus, as presented in his tract of October 1666. He returned to Trinity as a Fellow in 1667, where he continued his research in optics, constructing his first reflecting telescope in 1669, and wrote a more extended tract on the calculus “De Analysi per Æquations Numero Terminorum Infinitas” incorporating new work on infinite series. On the basis of this tract Isaac Barrow recommended Newton as his replacement as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, a position he assumed in October 1669, four and a half years after he had received his Bachelor of Arts.

Three factors stand in the way of giving an account of Newton’s work and influence. First is the contrast between the public Newton, consisting of publications in his lifetime and in the decade or two following his death, and the private Newton, consisting of his unpublished work in math and physics, his efforts in chymistry — that is, the 17th century blend of alchemy and chemistry — and his writings in radical theology — material that has become public mostly since World War II. Only the public Newton influenced the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, yet any account of Newton himself confined to this material can at best be only fragmentary. Second is the contrast, often shocking, between the actual content of Newton’s public writings and the positions attributed to him by others, including most importantly his popularizers. The term “Newtonian” refers to several different intellectual strands unfolding in the eighteenth century, some of them tied more closely to Voltaire, Pemberton, and Maclaurin — or for that matter to those who saw themselves as extending his work, such as Clairaut, Euler, d’Alembert, Lagrange, and Laplace — than to Newton himself. Third is the contrast between the enormous range of subjects to which Newton devoted his full concentration at one time or another during the 60 years of his intellectual career — mathematics, optics, mechanics, astronomy, experimental chemistry, alchemy, and theology — and the remarkably little information we have about what drove him or his sense of himself. Biographers and analysts who try to piece together a unified picture of Newton and his intellectual endeavors often end up telling us almost as much about themselves as about Newton.

CONCLUSION:-He is also known as father of sciences

SECULARISM

Secularism way that everyone enjoys the complete religious freedom because of this that government will not compel all people to adopt any unique faith. Religious freedom is our critical right, and is written in our constitution. Everybody has the freedom to publicize any religion, to espouse any religion or acquire any non-secular building.

No particular religion is maybe concept in college textbooks. India may be a country of diverse religions and to supply freedom to religion to everyone, and for equality of religion, India become declared a Secular country. The word secular modified into brought into the preamble with the help of way of the 42nd Amendment (1976). As in step with the written Constitution of India, India is an earthly state (India), and that we as residents of India must signify it.

Secularism clothed to be progressively conspicuous under nation guideline in India as Religion became an indivisible piece of governmental issues and public activity. At the season of Independence, secularism was the central point of the political pioneers. Every single unmistakable pioneer of the Indian National Congress like Nehru were focused on secularism. In any case, shockingly, the right inverse occurred, collective brutality prompted the unit of India and Pakistan in 1947 as independent countries.

Be that because it may, after Independence, India became a standard nation within which the Indian state failed to have any state religion, but rather her kin were allowed to pursue or receive any conviction within the Country. This task additionally looks forward towards the importance of secularism in different protected systems as an example in America the concept of detachment of state and religion when all is alleged in done, and therefore the correct importance of the ‘Foundation proviso’ specifically, has been the topic of much discussion and contention.

Notwithstanding its experience, subsequently, it’s being recommended that the philosophical force behind the U.S Secularism has dependably been to ‘Shield religion from the State.’ don’t see a lawmaker in France tie his or her religion or individual convictions into his or her legislative issues when casting a ballot on laws which will influence everyone– in any event not freely; it’s simply illegal.

In India, the thought of Secularism assumes an important job. Secularism in India may be a positive, progressive and complete idea which takes inside its breadth all of the networks in India following some religions. Secular might be against Religious as in an exceedingly mainstream State will be an enemy of spiritual State. In this sense, the Constitution of India isn’t common, on the grounds that the on to the opportunity of faith is an ensured major right.

The word Secular may mean that as far because the State is anxious, it doesn’t support any religion out of Public funds, nor does it penalize the profession and practice of any religious conviction or the correct to manage religious institutions as provided in Articles 25 and 26.

Secularism As Part Of Basic Structure Of Indian Constitution:

At independence in 1947, India was a nation embarking on a replacement and challenging endeavor of building an economically independent democracy that might treat all its citizens equally. As an element of this enterprise, India committed to ‘secularism,’ which within the context of the two nation theory and therefore the creation of Pakistan by religion, acquired even more significance.

The message was that India wouldn’t construct its citizenship and nationality by religious identity. During the drafting of the Indian Constitution, despite the reluctance of the Constituent Assembly to include the word secular, and despite the very fact that the word Secular was formally inserted within the Preamble to the Constitution of India by the 42nd Amendment of 1976 to the Constitution of India, still, a survey of the provisions of the Indian constitution suggest that India as a state is become independent from religion and would guarantee religious freedoms to the citizens of all faith, while not discriminating against any citizen on the idea of faith.

Thus, the Indian Constitution guarantees both individual and collective freedom of religion through the Articles 25-28 enshrined partially III of the constitution which deals with Fundamental rights. Article 15 and 16 also guarantees nondiscrimination on the ground of faith. The Indian constitution through its preamble, fundamental rights, and directive principles have created a secular state supported the principle of equality and nondiscrimination.

With the event of Indian Constitutional philosophy of social and economic democracy, secularism has been held to be one amongst the ‘Basic Structures’ of Indian Constitution. Thus, the character of polity promised within the preamble is incapable of alteration even within the exercise of the ability to amend the Constitution under article 368.

Religion may be a matter of religion. Though the critics won’t agree, because it is certainly a fact that India and its people though have entered the globalized era, but still preserve the deep religious values at the core. This picture of ‘Secularism’ in India is indeed a cause of concern.

Today, the secular character of the Indian democracy is taken into account to be under threat. The razing of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh) led to riots and killings by Muslims and by Hindus. The recent massacres of innocent Hindus in Godhra (Gujarat), presumably ignited by smoldering Muslim resentments against the Hindutva proponents over Ayodhya, touched off an enormous massacre of equally innocent Muslims in tit-for-tat killings that destabilized yet further the hostility under which these religious societies had lived earlier in Gujarat State in an environment of secularism. From periods the Supreme Court of India has been inferring the concept of Secularism in the Indian Constitution in a very different system.

The Supreme Court expressed his views on the Secular nature of the Constitution for the primary time within the case:

  1. Sardar Taheruddin Syedna Saheb v. State of Bombay explained that the Articles 25 and 26 embody the principle of spiritual toleration that has been the characteristic feature of Indian civilization from the beginning of history. The instances and periods when this feature was absent being merely temporary aberrations Besides, they serve to relinquish emphasis to the secular nature of the Indian democracy which the founding fathers of Secularism considered to be the very basis of the Constitution. This case is additionally called The Ex-Communication case.
  2.  Similarly, in Keshwananda Bharti v. The State of Kerala:
    The court is of the opinion that Secularism could be a part of the fundamental Structure of the Constitution. Enumerating the elementary features of the Constitution, Ld. J Sikri named secular character of the Constitution joined of them. Ld. J Shelat and Grover, stated that:
    secular and federal character of the Constitution were amongst the most ingredients of the essential structure enumerated therein. Jaganmohan Reddy Ld. J, stated clearly that Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship couldn’t be amended at any cost as they’re the part of elementary features of the Indian Constitution. Though in Keshwananda the Court in no uncertain terms laid down that secularism forms part of the essential structure of the Constitution, in Ahmedabad St. Xavier’s College

Evolution Of The Globe Secular Within The World:

The origin of the word secular is from the Latin word speculum meant a set period, roughly 100 years just about. Within the Romance languages, it evolved into century. In Christian Latin, Secularism was a useful term for distinguishing this temporal age of the world from the divinely eternal realm of God. Anything secular has got to do with any kind of affairs rather with spiritual affairs.

The English language Dictionary records this meaning for secular: Belonging to the planet and its affairs as distinguished from the church and religion; civil, lay, temporal. After the Enlightenment, the term secular gained additional meaning as thinkers found more and more earthly affairs which ought to be separate and independent from religious classification and control. Two primary examples are the gradual disentanglement of capitalist economics and democratic politics from religion during the 17th and 18th centuries.

it’s viewed as a process, the secular came to be understood as something that originates in degrees, has stages, and can gradually evolve from time to time. During the 19th century, more freethinkers conceived of a future ideal society that would become thoroughly secular.

The term secularism was created in 1846 by George Jacob Holyoake to explain a form of opinion which concerns itself only with questions, the problems of which might be tested by the experience of this life. Secularism didn’t explicitly portray the concept in opposition to religion; rather, it only refers en passant to the concept of that specialize in this life reasonably than speculation about the other natural life. That undoubtedly excludes many religious belief systems, most significantly the religious belief of Holyoake’s day, but it doesn’t necessarily eliminate all possible religious beliefs.

Secularism currently signifies:
secularism is affirming the on to be free from religious standard and lessons, or, in a very state proclaimed to be nonpartisan on problems with conviction, from the inconvenience by legislature of faith or religious practices upon its kin.

Comparative Study Of Importance Of Secularism In Various Constitutional Frameworks:

  1. the Importance of Secularism within the USA The main alteration lapsed the USA on lapsed Congress September 25, 1789. Confirmed on December 15, 1791 which states that Congress will make no law regarding a foundation of faith, or precluding the free exercise thereof; or condensing the correct to talk freely, or of the press; or the directly of the final population quietly to amass, and to request of the govt for a change of complaints.

    The first change lapsed the USA could be a tremendous fix for the partisan wars that had been so harming, and it likewise helped towards the clearness of various concerns held by religious groups that had fled to flee oppression by their legislatures to America from Europe. The first law joined the region immediately of its very establishing. This law was fundamental for one more intention was that to clear up that America isn’t only a Christian country.

    Numerous individuals have begun to trust that America may be a Christian country and the condition of disparity occurring from the premise of faith would have turned into a significant issue. Do Christians overwhelm the final public by numbers  Indeed, however that’s the explanation it absolutely was so important to form laws in regards to the lucidity of true of law within the USA so individuals rehearsing some other religion within the Nation is ensured by it.
     
  2. The Importance of Secularism in France Laïcité which implies mainstream quality may be a French idea of secularism. France is one of the most western nations to demand this concept. It had bolstered this idea since 1905 when a law was passed with the arrange to advance more freedoms. This idea was considerable in France for the protection of minor as from social weights and to keep up a strategic distance from any contention between the minors who demonstrate their religious connection. it’s significant for a minor to acknowledge the various decisions made by the opposite individuals and regard their choice.

    There’s more noteworthy social assorted variety in France today than previously, which is that the reason the state needs secularism now like never before, for it empowers all residents, whatever their philosophical or religious convictions, to measure respectively, getting a charge out of opportunity of still, small voice, opportunity to rehearse a faith or to choose to not, do to rights and commitments, and republican club.

    Secularism isn’t a sentiment among others, but instead the chance to own an end or the assessment. It’s anything but a conviction, yet rather the rule approving all speculations, giving they regard the idea systems of opportunity of still, small voice and equivalent rights. Thus, it’s neither genius nor hostile to religious. On this premise, adherence to confidence or philosophical conviction is altogether a difficulty of opportunity of still, small voice for every man or lady.
     
  3. The Importance of Secularism in India. The idea of Secularism assumes a vital job in India. Secularism in India may be a positive, progressive and thorough idea which takes inside its range all of the networks in India following some religions. it is not unfavorable within the earth, it isn’t hostile to God. Indian secularism perceives the importance of non secular conviction in human life. It trusts that no religion has the restraining infrastructure of philosophical knowledge it enables all religious to release their capacity inside their genuine words. On the off chance that nationals have to venerate their God, Indian secularism perceives the requirement and directly for such supplication and love.

It doesn’t recommend the act of a selected religion. Complete opportunity of religion is anchored in our Indian Constitution. The Indian Constitution guarantees equality of all religions before the law. In that respect, our constitution is strictly founded on a secular concept. Our constitution guarantees fundamental rights of non secular freedom. The concept of secularism has a firm root in India. The full world recognizes this fact.

Conclusion:
From the above question, it’d be avowed that everyone has the prospect to advance any religion, to urge any religion or build up any religious building. No particular religion will be thought at school course books as Religious Freedom is our key right because it might be seen that the word ‘Standard’ was incorporated the prelude of the Indian constitution by 42nd Amendment in 1976.

At the amount of Independence various pioneers were within the help of procuring Secularism the country, anyway because of shared viciousness, it lands up vast. The regular character of the Indian prominent government is reflected to be under peril thanks to the annihilating of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh) provoked hordes and killings by Muslims and by Hindus. The butchers of legit Hindus in Godhra (Gujarat, etc. At the purpose when stood out from various countries like USA, Russia, France, etc. Secularism isn’t wanted truly by India.

safety

Safety is the state of being “safe” (from French sauf), the condition of being protected from harm or other non-desirable outcomes. Safety can also refer to the control of recognized hazards in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk.

importance of being safety:-

A safe and healthy workplace not only protects workers from injury and illness, it can also lower injury/illness costs, reduce absenteeism and turnover, increase productivity and quality, and raise employee morale. In other words, safety is good for business.

Because some people haven’t got the common sense to use some equipment without hurting themselves or others. Remember someone telling you as a kid “don’t run with scissors”? Yeah – somebody probably tried that a century or three ago and the results were so bad that the grownups are still reminding the kids not to do it.

conclusion:-being safe is better than to be secure.always,try to be safe

how to hone your writing skills


There are a lot of necessary skills one requires to be a functioning member of society. One of the most underrated ones is writing. Writing, in any language, is the perfect way to express your views on the topics you want to address your listeners on. Writing goes beyond just school purposes. It can improve your communication skills and increases your knowledge and creativity. It can also help you get a job later in life. Poor or weak writing skills can adversely affect you, as it can result in lost ideas or poor communication. Having good writing skills can prove beneficial. A few ways one can do this are:

  1. Brush up on the basics

A great piece of writing is engaging and well written. It has good grammar and proper punctuation. One needs to know the basics of grammar and good spelling skills before they can write a good piece of writing. So brush up on your grammar skills by practising daily. Getting a grammar manual can prove beneficial. There are also many resources online which offer grammar games and exercises which can improve your grammar skills.

2. Be clear on the topic you’re writing about 

Having a good topic for your writing is important. But something more important is having clarity on the topic you’re writing about. Often, one chooses to write on a topic without doing proper research on it, and then the write up turns out to be messy or boring. Ask yourself why you want to write on that specific topic, do proper research on it and try explaining it to someone. Have a clear purpose and stick to it.

3. Keep your sentences simple

How many times has it happened that you sat down to read a book or an essay, but after seeing the excessive descriptions and complicated words you just put it down? Not everyone has the writing skills of Shakespeare, and neither do they need it. Long, pretentious paragraphs are no fun to read. Keep your sentences simple and less complicated. Go easy on the descriptions so that you can better connect with the reader. 

4. Read more

A good writer is an avid reader. Reading on a regular basis is an easy way to develop your writing skills. It can help you avoid any potential grammar mistakes, improve your vocabulary and enhance your creativity. It can also help you in realising what kind of writing you prefer to read, and who your favourite authors are, so you can draw inspiration from them and integrate it into your work. Diversify your reading material; don’t just limit yourself to blog posts or articles. The more you read, the more likely you are to realise what makes a piece of writing genuinely interesting to read. 

5. Practice 

Writing is like any other art, it takes time. Regular practising can help improve your writing skills. When you write regularly, you become familiar with your style of writing and the mistakes you are most likely to make. Write blog posts, newspaper articles, social media posts, whatever interests you, just don’t stop practising and believing in yourself.

Pity

When we fall into the depression of self-pity, we allow it to take control of our lives. We become completely self-absorbed. It is destructive to dwell on negative events and carry that bitterness and resentment forward. When we keep our focus on the hurt, we aren’t focused on taking control of our lives.

If we blame negative circumstances for our place in life, we are giving up responsibility and control.

We whine and feel sorry for ourselves. We can choose to spread our misery, or we can choose to rise above our circumstances.

Self-pity is a form of selfishness. It makes us less aware of the needs and suffering of others. Our own suffering is all we think or care about in our self-absorbed state.

BUSINESS

It is the activity of making money by producing or buying and selling products for the sole purpose of making profit.

FORMS OF BUSINESS

  • Sole proprietorship
  • Partnership
  • Corporation
  • Cooperative
  • Limited liability partnership
  • Franchise
  • A company limited by guarantee
  • A company limited by shares
  • A company limited by guarantee with a share capital
  • A limited liability company
  • An unlimited company with or without a share capital
  • Companies formed by letters patent
  • Charter corporations
  • Statutory companies

CAPITAL

When businesses need to raise money they sometimes offer securities for sale. Capital may be raised through private means, by an initial public offering or IPO on a stock exchange, or in other ways.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF BUSINESS             

  • Agriculture
  • Financial services which  include banks, brokerage firms, credit unions, credit cards, insurance companies, asset and investment companies such as private equity firms, private equity funds, real estate investment trusts, sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, mutual funds, index funds, and hedge funds, stock exchanges, and other companies that generate profits through investment and management of capital.
  • Entertainment companies
  • Industrial manufacturers
  • Real estate
  • Retailers, wholesalers, and distributors act as middlemen and get goods produced by manufacturers
  • Transportation business
  • Sports
  • Utilities produce public services such as water, electricity, waste management or sewage treatment.
  • Service businesses

ACTIVITIES IN A BUSINESS

  • Accounting
  • Finance
  • Manufacturing
  • Marketing
  • Research and development
  • Safety
  • Sales

TRADE UNION (LABOUR UNION)

A trade union  is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, achieving higher pay and benefits such as health care and retirement, increasing the number of employees an employer assigns to complete the work, and better working conditions. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labor contracts with employers. The most common purpose of these associations or unions is “maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment”. This may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing, and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies.

COMMERCIAL LAW

A very detailed and well-established body of rules that evolved over a very long period of time applies to commercial transactions. The need to regulate trade and commerce and resolve business disputes helped shape the creation of law and courts.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Businesses often have important “intellectual property” that needs protection from competitors for the company to stay profitable. This could require patents, copyrights, trademarks, or preservation of trade secrets. Most businesses have names, logos, and similar branding techniques that could benefit from trademarking.

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Business and Management are the disciplines devoted to organizing, analyzing, and planning various types of business operations.

Fields of business management include-:

  • Advertising
  • Entrepreneurship
  • Hospitality Management
  • Information Systems Management
  • International Business
  • Nonprofit Management
  • Operations Management
  • Public Administration
  • Sales Management
  • Supply Chain Management

Business and Management is feeling the impact of technological advances and changes. With big data and artificial intelligence allowing many tasks to be automated, the nature of business is changing every day.

CRIMEs AGAINST MEN

It is often said that we live in a male dominant or a patriarchal society. However, when it comes to law in India, do we really have laws favouring the men at all?
When we talk about Gender Equality, it does not simply means equality for women, it means gender equality for all which includes men also. We often hear cases about violence against women, be it sexual harassment, domestic violence, dowry cases, etc. however, crimes against men are not that often reported or even discussed in India.

We have all kinds of laws for crimes against women i.e. for rape, sexual harassment at workplace, domestic violence, dowry cases, etc. and we often raise our voice against these crimes against women. On the other hand, we fail to realise and acknowledge that even men can be victims of sexual abuse, domestic violence, etc. and if we really preach about equality, then does that equality even exist? This can be explained through an example that Delhi Metro has an entire coach reserved for ladies.

Yet, if a man sits on the seat reserved for ladies in the general coach, then he is made to get up from that seat completely ignoring the fact that the man might genuinely need to sit. We raise our voice whenever injustice is done with the women but why don’t we do the same when a man is the victim?

Sections 354A to 354D and 375 of Indian Penal Code, 1860 clearly states that only a woman can be the victim of the offences as stated in the abovementioned sections and a man would be the perpetrator.

The Protection of Domestic Violence Act, 2005 itself states that it is an act favouring women who have been allegedly subjected to the domestic violence. There is absolutely no provision as to what remedy is available to a man if he is subjected to domestic violence.

Often due to these women favouring laws, men have to face false accusations and trials as some women use these laws as a tool to harass the men.

It is high time that we should really start focussing on equality in the words gender equality. We, as a society, need to understand and raise our voices against the crimes against men. Even though we know that there are no cases where men are subjected to sexual abuse or domestic violence, because these cases are not reported. We, the Indians, have to change our perception that men are too strong or men are not emotional. A man is often brushed aside if he shares with anyone that he is being sexually harassed by person of same gender or an opposite gender or he is considered weak if he raises his concerns regarding any such unfortunate incident. Due to these, the crimes against men are often go unreported. This very mind set of our society needs to be changed.

Even though, now our courts are recognising the crimes against men and even there is a Criminal Law Amendment Bill, 2019 which is pending to make the crime of rape as gender neutral, after the decriminalisation of Section 377 of Indian Penal Code, 1860. The Indian Courts are also punishing women who are misusing the law just to harass men.

However we have long way to go. The stereotypical attitude towards men and masculinity needs to be changed. Men need to open up about their problems that they face and as a society we need to acknowledge and accept the problems faced by men in a society and help and support them. Everyone should be treated equally in the eyes of law and there should be no gender biasness in the name of gender equality.