Russia’s pulling back some troops suggests it sees potential in Macron , Scholz proposals

Russia’s announcement that it is pulling back some troops from Ukraine’s borders is the strongest signal of de-escalation from Moscow. Russia has always maintained that it had no plans to attack Ukraine . But the massive troop mobilisation on the three flanks of Ukraine , which included combat aircraft , warships and S400 missile defence systems , had raised fears of war. Besides , the U.S’s warning that a Russian invasion could come “any day” and its decision to shut the American embassy in Kiev added to the frenzy . The Russian approach appeared to have been rooted in building military pressure around Ukraine to gain diplomatic leverage in talks with the west. In the last few weeks , European leaders , Hungary’s Viktor Orban , France’s Emmanuel Macron and Germany’s Olaf Scholz , have visited Moscow. Of these, the diplomatic interventions by Mr. Macron , who called for respecting Russian security concerns and sought to revive the Minsk agreement on Ukraine’s civil strife , and Mr. Scholz , who said in Kiev that Ukraine’s entry into NATO was “not on the agenda right now”, were significant . Their talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin opened a diplomatic path towards de-escalation.

It is too early to say that the crisis is over. The complex issue is rooted in Russia’s security concerns & NATO’s expansionary open door policy with no quick solutions . But the suggestions from the talks Russia and the west have had point to a formula for peace . Russia’s three concerns are: one, it does not want neighbours Georgia and Ukraine to be members of NATO. Two, it wants NATO to roll back its military presence and drills from Eastern Europe and the Black sea. Three, it wants the Ukraine crisis—the civil conflict between Kiev and the Russia -backed separatists in Donbas -to be resolved through the Minsk process.

In conclusion the only thing is that The West and Russia should take that road aimed at finding a lasting solution to Europe’s most dangerous security crisis .

NASA’S new space telescope has captured its first starlight and even taken a selfie of its giant , gold mirror .

All 18 segments of the primary mirror on the James Webb space Telescope seem to be working properly a month and half into the mission , officials said on Friday.

The telescope’s FIRST TARGET WAS a bright star 258 light years away in the constellation Ursa Major. ” That was just a real wow moment ,” said Marshall PERRIN of the space telescope science institute in Baltimore.

Over the next few months , the hexagonal mirror segments will be aligned and focused as one ,allowing science observations to begin by the end of June . The $10 billion infrared observatory – considered the successor to the ageing Hubble Space Telescope – will seek light from the first stars and galaxies that formed in the universe nearly 14 billion years ago. It will also examine the atmospheres of alien worlds for for any possible signs of life.

NASA did not detect the crippling flaw in Hubble’s mirror until after its 1990 launch; more than three years passed before space walking astronauts were able to correct the telescope’s blurry vision .

While everything is looking good so far with Webb , engineers should be able to rule out any major mirror flaws by next month, Feinberg said.

Largest mirror

Webb’s 6.5 metre , gold-plated mirror is the largest ever launched into space. After 20 years with the project ,” it is just unbelievably satisfying ” to see everything working so well so far, said the University of Arizona’s Marcia Rieke, principal scientist for the infrared camera. Webb blasted off from South America in December and reached its designated perch 1.6 million Kilometres away last month.

Recently, the action of some pre-university colleges in Karnataka refusing entry to Muslim girl students wearing hijabs, or head scarves , has now become a national controversy. While the girls have been protesting against being denied access to education, the counter protests by a section of Hindu students wearing saffron shawls and turbans have led to a tense situation outside some campuses . The action of the college where the row broke out in Udipi is now being questioned in the Karnataka High Court. The court , by an interim order , has directed that students should not wear attire linked to any religion until it resolves the legal questions arising from the issue.

But the main question that rises among many other questions is that whether students can be kept out of educational institutions merely because they are wearing a piece of clothing indicating their religion.

While students are arguing in favour of their freedom , the Government is of the view that compelling a student to remove the head-scarf is not a violation of Article 25 .

Going by the Government’s stand, the issue can also be framed differently: whether the wearing of head scarves will have an adverse impact on law and order by pitting two communities against one another , and thereby , enable the government to prohibit religious attire in the interest of public order – one of the grounds on which a right under Article 25 can be curbed . The question whether educational institutions can bar religious attire as part of their power to prescribe uniforms for students is also linked to the constitutional question whether the ban on such attire will come within the power to restrict freedom of religion in the interest of public order , health and morality. Yet, another question is whether the denial of entry into schools amounts to violation of the students’ right to education under article 21A .

The Imperial College London has concluded the first study on 36 participants aged 18-29 years who were deliberately exposed to low dose of SARS-cOV-2 virus through the nose, and the various facets of infection were studied. All the volunteers had no previous infection or vaccination . In all, only 18 of the 36 participants became infected, and the viral load in these people increased steeply before peaking on day five post-exposure.

Virus was first detected in the throat but the viral load increased to significantly higher levels in the nose than in the throat. Viral shedding began within two days of infection and the viral load increased to high levels and remained detectable for as long as 12 days after exposure to the virus. The results are posted as a preprint server Research Square. Preprints are yet to be peer-reviewed.

“This paper is the first of a series of deep analyses that this unprecedented consortium will produce. The manufacture of a delta challenge agent is nearly complete,” imunologist Dr. Christopher Chiu from the Imperial College of London who led the team tweeted.

Since some participants continued to shed infectious virus even 12 days after virus introduction, and, on average, viable virus was detectable 10 days post-symptom onset advocated i many guidelines to minimise onward transmission,” they note.

Neutralising antibodies were generated in all infected participants 14 days post inoculation and further increased at 28 days.

At the end of the Neolithic period, the use of metal was seen. The first metal used was copper, and some cultures were based on the use of both copper and stone tools. This culture is called the Chalcolithic and means the Chalcolithic.

Technically, the Chalcolithic applies to the pre-Harappa stage. However, in different parts of India, the Chalcolithic culture inherited the Bronze Age Harappa culture. During the Chalcolithic period, mainly stone and copper objects were used, but sometimes even inferior bronze and iron were used. They were primarily rural communities spread over a wide area with hilly land and rivers.

On other hand, the Harappans used bronze and had urbanized on the basis of the produce from the flood Plains in the Indus valley. In India, settlements relating to the Chalcolithic phase are found in southeastern Rajasthan, the western part of MP, Western Maharashtra, and in southern and Eastern India.

However, the most extensive excavations have taken place in western Maharashtra. Several Chalcolithic sites, such as Jorwe,Nevasa, Daimabad in Ahmednagar district; Chandoli Sonagaon, and Inamgaon in Pune District; and also Prakash and Nasik have been excavated. They are all related to the Jorwe culture, named after Jorwe , a type site on the left bank of the Pravara River, a tributary of the Godavari River in the Ahmed Nagar district. The Jorve culture owed much to the Malwa culture, but also shared elements of the Southern Neolithic culture. People in the Chalcolithic used small stone tools and weapons, but the stone blades and blades in them were important factors. In many places, especially South India, the stone blade industry flourished and stone axes continued to be used. People in the Chalcolithic used different types of pottery, one of which was called black and red and seemed to be popular until nearly 2,000 BC. from. It was moved and sometimes painted with a white liner design. This applies not only to the settlements of Rajasthan, MP and Maharashtra, but also to the residences in Bihar, West Bengal. People living in Maharashtra, MP and Bihar produced channeling pots, sand bowls and stand bowls. It is a mistake to think that everyone who uses black and red pottery belongs to the same culture. Black and red pottery from Maharashtra, MP and Rajasthan was painted, but East Indian agriculture had few such painted pots.

Limes,lemons and oranges are taste giving and nutrition -enriching elements of our diet. It is estimated that there are about one billion trees of the citrus genus on earth. Over 60 different citrus fruits are popular in the world today, all of which are hybrids of the three fruits mentioned below, or hybrids of hybrids,and so on: (1) The large, sweet & spongy skinned Pomelo; (2) the tasteless Citron, which is used in traditional medicine, and (3) the loose skinned and sweet Mandarin Orange that we associate with Nagpur.

Each citrus variety has some distinguishing feature as a USP: for example , the rare Tahiti orange , a descendant of the Indian Rangpur lime ,looks like an orange -colored lemon and tastes like a pineapple .

The first oranges

Where did the citrus originate ? Botanist Chozaburo Tanaka was an early proponent of the Indian origin of the citrus . An exhaustive study of the genomes of many citrus varieties concluded that the last common ancestor of all the varieties we see today grew about eight million years ago in what is now Northeast India and adjacent regions of Myanmar and southwest China . This region is , famously , one of the world’s richest biodiversity hotspots . A biodiversity hotspot is defined as a region that contains at least 1500 species of native plants and has lost at least 70% of its vegetation. The north east corner has 25% of India’s forests and a large chunk of its biodiversity. Here you will find tribes such as the khadi and garo , and nearly 200 spoken languages. This area is also a rich repository of citrus genomes , with 68 varieties of wild and developed citrus found here today.

The fruit of ghosts

Of special interest is the wild Indian citrus, a progenitor species of citrus that is native to Northeast India . Some experts believe that it may even be the original member of this group. Our own wild orange has been studied in the Garo hills of Maghalaya where only scant patches remain .

Recent searches , along with detailed molecular comparisons , have led to its rediscovery in the Tamenglong district of Manipur, a thickly forested place with a population density of just 32 per square kilometre. The Manipur team could find three isolated clusters of Citrus indica ,the largest of which had 20 trees . High rainfall and high humidity prevails here , with annual temperature extremes of 4 and 31 degrees Celsius .The manipuri tribes call it Garuan-thai (came fruit) , but they appear to have neither cultivated nor culturally assimilated this fruit, as has been done by the Khasi and Garo people . The Garo name for the fruit is Memang Narang (ghost fruit) , because of its use in their death rituals . Traditional medical uses involve digestive problems and common colds. Villages attentively tend their Memang trees.

Introduction

The Bronze Age Harappa culture discovered in Harappa, Punjab, Pakistan was an original discovery. In 1853, A. Cunningham, a British engineer who became a great dredger and explorer, noticed the seal of Harappa. The seal had a bull and six letters on it, but he didn’t understand what it meant. Long after, in 1921, when Indian archaeologist Daya Ram sani began excavation, the possibility of the Harappa archaeological site was recognized. Around the same time, R.D. Historian Banerjee excavated at the ruins