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Education

DELHI-NATIONAL CAPITAL OF INDIA

Delhi, India’s capital territory, is a massive metropolitan area in the country’s north. In Old Delhi, a neighborhood dating to the 1600s, stands the imposing Mughal-era Red Fort, a symbol of India, and the sprawling Jama Masjid mosque, whose courtyard accommodates 25,000 people. Nearby is Chandni Chowk, a vibrant bazaar filled with food carts, sweets shops and spice stalls.

HISTORY IN DELHI:-

The earliest reference to a settlement in the Delhi area is found in the Mahabharata, an epic narrative about two groups of warring cousins, the Pandavas and the Kauravas, both descendants of the prince Bharata. According to the narrative, a city called Indraprastha (“City of the God Indra”), built about 1400 BCE, was the capital of the Pandavas. Although nothing remains of Indraprastha, legend holds it to have been a thriving city. The first reference to the place-name Delhi seems to have been made in the 1st century BCE, when Raja Dhilu built a city near the site of the future Qutb Minar tower (in present-day southwestern Delhi) and named it for himself.

The next notable city to emerge in the area now known as the Delhi Triangle was Anangpur (Anandpur), established as a royal resort in about 1020 CE by Anangapala of the Tomara dynasty. Anangapala later moved Anangpur some 6 miles (10 km) westward to a walled citadel called Lal Kot. The Tomara kings occupied Lal Kot for about a century. In 1164 Prithviraj III (Rai Pithora) extended the citadel by building massive ramparts around it; the city then became known as Qila Rai Pithora. In the late 12th century Prithviraj III was defeated, and the city passed into Muslim hands. Quṭb al-Dīn Aybak, builder of the famous tower Qutb Minar (completed in the early 13th century), made Lal Kot the seat of his empire.

The Khaljī dynasty came to power in the Delhi area in the last decade of the 13th century. During the reign of the Khaljīs, the suburbs were ravaged by Mongol plunderers. As a defense against subsequent attacks by the Mongols, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Khaljī (reigned 1296–1316) built a new circular fortified city at Siri, a short distance northeast of the Qutb Minar, that was designated as the Khaljī capital. Siri was the first completely new city to be built by the Muslim conquerors in India.

REMARKABLE MONUMENTS:-

The National Capital Territory of Delhi has both historic and modern tourist places and also famous for places of worship of many religions. Delhi is home to UNESCO world heritage sites of Qutub Minar, Red Fort and Humayun’s Tomb along with famous tourist attractions and historical landmarks such as Chandni Chowk,Purana Quila, Parliament House,Connaught Place,James Church, Pitampura TV Tower, Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium,Tallest Indian Flag,Lodhi Gardens,Rajpath,Old Fort,Ahinsa Sthal and Mughal monuments in Delhi.

CONCLUSION:-

Finally,This city a hevenly city

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Architecture and Design, Culture and History, Education, Science and Technology, Tourist Places

The 1600 Year Old Rust Free: The Iron Pillar of Delhi

An unsolved mystery, the IRON PILLAR OF DELHI now standing at Quwwatul mosque at Mehrauli in Delhi, India. The 7.21 meters tall structure all most 1600-year-old stands completely rust-free. The pillar was constructed by “King Chandra” probably Chandragupta2

Iron Pillar Of Delhi

pillar was certainly used as a trophy in building the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque and the Qutb complex, its original location, whether on the site itself or from elsewhere, is debated. The Iron pillar of Delhi is one of the most curious metal objects in the world. It was manufactured by the forge welding of pieces of wrought iron. In a report published in the journal Current Science, R. A critical corrosion-resistant agent called iron hydrogen phosphate hydrate makes the pillar resistant to rusting.

Experts at the Indian Institute of Technology have resolved the mystery behind the 1,600-year-old iron pillar in Delhi, which has never corroded despite the capital’s harsh weather.
Metallurgists at Kanpur IIT have discovered that a thin layer of “misawite“, a compound of iron, oxygen and hydrogen, has protected the cast iron pillar from rust.

The pillar bears an inscription which states that it was erected as a flagstaff in honor of the Hindu God and in the memory of the Gupta King Chandragupta II (375-413). How the pillar moved to its present location remains a mystery.

The question remains that how was such chemically advanced agent manufacture 2000 ago.

The pillar is a living testimony to the skill of metallurgists of ancient India

Culture and History, Tourist Places

Flavors of Delhi

Aloo Tikki, Afghani Street Bites, Chaat, Kebabs, Kachori Aloo, Chhole Bhature, Rajma Chawal, Parathas – these are reasons enough to call the Capital Delhi-Belly.

Delhi has always been a diverse city with people coming from all over India to settle and start a new life here. Many people know Delhi to be a city of rich cultural heritage. But Delhi, as a city, is so much more than that. And one aspect of this is the food in Delhi that makes it a great tourist place. The people of different cultures and traditions have brought with them their unique tastes to Delhi too.

It is not a hidden fact that Delhi has no particular food culture; the city acquires the identity of all types of people living here in its food preferences. The maze-like alleyways and marketplaces of Delhi are known to lure foodies with their curbside kiosks serving rich in taste street food while the studded restaurants add their own charm and elegance to the cuisine of the city.

Being an amalgamation of several cultures, Delhi is among the few places where you can find a South Indian devouring a serving of Butter Chicken and a Bengali enjoying Idli Sambhar, and it is not even astonishing anymore. The best part about this is that all these recipes are age-old, being handed down from generations after generations, helping them stay true to their original flavors.

Here’s what Delhi has to offer, apart from the traditional cuisine from all the states:

  • Mughlai Cuisine: One of the oldest cuisines being served to the Delhiites is the Mughlai cuisine. Even today the taste of the Mughal era can be felt in the Kebabs from the time of Delhi Sultanate while Nihari and Biryani have become a household name. The delicious fruit-flavored sorbets or Kulfi as we know them today were originally served in the Mughal kitchens. Karim’s and Ghantewala, famous for their Kebabs and Karachi Halwa respectively, have also served many of the Mughal emperors in the past.

  • Street Food: Another group of delicacies bringing the people together is the street food available in almost every lane of the city. Names like Sita Ram Diwan Chand, Bittu Tikki Wala, Nataraj Dahi Bhalla, Daulat Ki Chaat, and Al Jawahar have been churning out some of the country’s best street grub. There is a street named Parathe Wali Gali in Chandni Chowk which in itself is enough to show the love people of this city have for Parathas.

  • International Cuisine: Along with the traditional dishes, Delhiites have also truly embraced the authentic International cuisines which means there is no trouble finding Chinese, Thai, Italian, and French cuisine to name a few. The Churros with chocolate sauce at La Bodega, the Glass Noodles at Gung, and the Cheese Kunafa at Zizo are gradually making their way into the hearts of Delhiites.

The diversity that Delhi shows in its food culture is a mere reflection of the people who have lived here in the past and the people who call it their home in the present. It is this diversity that brings the people together and makes Delhi a better tourist spot.

Research Paper

A MAJOR EARTHQUAKE ON CARDS IN DELHI- NCR

*As per the collective statement of subject experts  

The occurrence of eleven, low magnitude earthquakes in and around Delhi in the last three months has become a matter of curiosity, and concern, for some, who are inquisitive to know the implications of this sudden change in earth’s behavior.

Experts of IIT Dhanbad have urged the Governments to ensure preventive measures as a major earthquake might shake the national capital and its adjoining areas in upcoming days. PK Khan a professor at applied geophysics department of IIT Dhanbad opined that recurrent tremors of small magnitudes predict a major earthquake. He asserted that time has come for the Centre and Delhi governments to take all required measures of prevention and create awareness.  

Some of the top geologists of the country have said that eleven earthquakes of low to moderate intensity have hit Delhi-NCR in the last 3 months, which indicates that a devastating earthquake may strike the National Capital in near future. Delhi is also close to the Himalayas where several earthquakes of more than magnitude 8 have occurred. There is a possibility of a few major tremors in the Himalayan region which can severely affect Delhi-NCR as shown by studies. 

 From April 12 to June 13, ten earthquakes have been recorded in Delhi-NCR by N.C.S (National Centre for Seismology). Four tremors in Uttarakhand and 6 in Himachal Pradesh were also recorded.  

“We cannot predict exact time, place or exact scale, but do believe that there is a regular seismic activity going around in the NCR region and may trigger in a major earthquake in Delhi,” asserted Dr. Kalachand Sain, Chief at Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, an autonomous institute, run under DST (Ministry of Science and Technology).

Dr. AK Shukla, ex-Head of Earthquake Risk Evaluation, Indian Metrology Department said, “Most of these earthquakes were low magnitude earthquakes measuring from 2.3 to 4.5. A series of such earthquakes ostensibly warn of a major earthquake to hit Delhi in the coming days. An obvious reason for increasing numbers of tremors hitting Delhi is the local fault system, which is quite active. Such fault systems around Delhi have the potential of producing an earthquake of magnitude around 6 to 6.5.”

According to reports, most of the buildings constructed in Delhi are not earthquake resistant and may get severely damaged in case of high magnitude tremors.

Why A Major Earthquake Will Be Catastrophic For Delhi

Delhi’s population has seen a rapid growth of 11.5 times in the past 70 years. If an earthquake-like 1720 recurs, the loss to life and property could be humungous in today’s Delhi.

The occurrence of eleven, low magnitude earthquakes in and around Delhi in the past three months has become a matter of concern. The reality is subject experts refrain from making a prediction as to whether the phenomenon is a sort of a trailer for something bigger in-store, or just a swarm of harmless micro-tremors, which would fade away into oblivion with passage of time. It would be reasonable to conduct the issue on scientific lines after rummaging through the existing database of events.

Talking in geological terms, Delhi is situated at the interface of old metamorphic rock sequence and very young alluvial sediments that have been deposited over the Indian lithosphere in response to the tectonic movements of the Himalaya. This region is located on the intersection of two regional sub-surface structures named Delhi-Haridwar Ridge and Delhi-Sargodha Ridge. The former is placed between two faults viz Mahendragarh-Dehradun Subsurface Fault and Great Boundary Fault (GBF) that are 200 km apart.

Understanding the importance of the NCR and its seismic status, it is classed in high damage risk zone IV, The IMD established a seismic telemetry network of sixteen field observatories during 1998-2000. This network has recorded 422 seismic events in the period from 2005 to 2012, the majority being tremors with a magnitude less than 3.0. This recent disturbance in the natural movement of plates is regarded somewhat out of bound for a logical explanation. We will have to wait and watch while taking all the necessary measures.