Intellectual Property Rights

What are intellectual Properties?

These are the things that emerge out of human creativity. These are the creation of the mind. Inventions; literary and artistic works; and symbols, names, and images used in commerce fall under this. Intellectual property is divided into two categories: Industrial Property includes patents for inventions, trademarks, industrial designs, and geographical indications. Whereas, literary works (such as novels, poems, and plays), films, music, artistic works (e.g., drawings, paintings, photographs, and sculptures) and architectural design are covered by copyright.

The associated rights:

Intellectual property rights are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain period of time.

Types:

  1. Patents – A patent is an exclusive right granted by law to applicants/assignees to make use of and exploit their inventions for a limited period of time. The patent holder has the legal right to exclude others from commercially exploiting his invention for the duration of this period. In return for exclusive rights, the applicant is obliged to disclose the invention to the public in a manner that enables others, skilled in the art, to replicate the invention. A Patent Owner has every right to commercialize his/her/its patent, including buying and selling the patent or granting a license to the invention to any third party under mutually agreed terms. Patents are valid for 20 years from the date of filing an application, subject to an annual renewal fee.
  2. Trademarks – Trademarks are another familiar type of intellectual property rights protection.  A trademark is a distinctive sign which allows consumers to easily identify the particular goods or services that a company provides. Some examples include McDonald’s golden arch, the Facebook logo, and so on. A trademark can come in the form of text, a phrase, symbol, sound, smell, and/or color scheme. Unlike patents, a trademark can protect a set or class of products or services, instead of just one product or process. 
  3. Copyrights – Copyright is the set of exclusive rights granted to the author or creator of original work, including the right to copy, distribute, and adapt the work. Copyright lasts for a certain time period after which the work is said to enter the public domain. Copyright gives protection for the expression of an idea and not for the idea itself. Copyright ensures certain minimum safeguards of the rights of authors over their creations, thereby protecting and rewarding creativity. The copyright owner has the exclusive right to sell, publish, and/or reproduce any literary, musical, dramatic, artistic, or architectural work created by the author.
  4. Trade secrets – Trade secrets are the secrets of a business. They are proprietary systems, formulas, strategies, or other information that is confidential and is not meant for unauthorized commercial use by others. This is a critical form of protection that can help businesses to gain a competitive advantage. 

Why Are Intellectual Property Rights Important?

  1. Intellectual Property Creates and Supports High-Paying Jobs
  2. Strong and Enforced Intellectual Property Rights Protect Consumers and Families
  3. Intellectual Property Drives Economic Growth and Competitiveness
  4. Intellectual Property Rights Encourage Innovation and Reward Entrepreneurs
  5. Intellectual Property Helps Generate Breakthrough Solutions to Global Challenges

Realigning HR

While WFH has ensured that organisations continued to operate during the lockdown against the spread of Covid, people are now pining for fresh air, the smell of the office and the opportunity to meet co-workers and customers face-to-face.

In this time of crisis, personnel in healthcare and essential services have risen above and beyond the call of duty to care for others. Some have even sacrificed their lives for this.

The Digital Revolution with AI needs to be reinforced with a humane touch, wherein people are empowered with responsibility and flexibility. Culturally, we must keep sowing seeds of mutual care, sharing, respect and trust so that as organisations we are agile and resilient. What is needed is a sense of empowerment.

It is time we stopped recruitments and promotions without data and the right competencies needed for relationship management and values over skills. On-boarding may need a reorientation. Start developing leaders who excel in balancing compassion with objectivity, believe in the success of others and continue to unlearn, learn and relearn with the emerging environments and needs of customers.

CRICKET VS OTHER GAMES IN INDIA

Ever since my childhood, I thought cricket is our national sport. The reason behind this was very clear, as for sports I’d always watched cricket in our home , whether it was the astonishing innings of Sachin Tendulkar or deadly shots of Rahul Dravid, my family made sure to not miss even a single ball. However I don’t remember my family watching any other sport besides cricket. This is the impact of this sport in our country.It’s bitter but very true that one single game blotting many other games in India. Cricket fever has even overshadowed our national sport hockey. Theoretically, we all know that hockey is our national game but in practical vision its cricket maniac all over. No one remembers that in Shooting, Gagan Narang won four gold medals in Common Wealth Games 2010, or Indian World Champion Wrestler Sushil Kumar has won the gold medal in FILA 2010 World Wrestling Championships , but we surely know how many times the Indian cricket team has won the World Cup. You ask a child on the streets like whom do you want to become? they will instantly answer “Sachin Tendulkar” or “Virat Kohli” , but why no one ever answers “Dhyan Chand”? The reason is very simple, it is because the kids don’t even know who he is, and this is very shameful to us as a society that our children do not know who Dhyan Chand is.

Many budding players in sports like shooting, lifting, hockey etc. cannot continue their passion due to lack of governmental aid provided to them at international level which is not the case with cricket. Huge crowd pack the cricket stadium when there is India- Pakistan match, but the the stadium’s seats are found empty during other sports. It is such a shame for us that Sunil Chhetri , our Indian football team captain, had to seperatly make a video urging all the Indians to come to the stadiums to support our football team. It is such shame that our football captain have to ask us for our support, to boost their moral by marking our present at the stadium because we never care to go to the stadiums to watch their matches, which will never happen in cricket.

If this cricket mania continues, India can never perform well in the Olympics for years to come. Hence, there is a need of administration, infrastructure, training and facilities given to players of other sports than cricket so that they can shine more brightly with their stunning performances and we as an audience need to give all the attention and appreciation to the players of every sport, which we currently only give to the cricketers.

NOMADIC FARMING

An Ancient of herding and farming

PATTIKONDA:25/07/2020.

Nomadic pastoralism is a form of pastrolism when livestock are her ded in order to find fresh pastures on which to graze. True nomads follow an irregular pattern of movement.The herded livestock include oxen,cows,buffalos yaks,goats, sheeps, reindeers, horses, donkeys or camels, or mixtures of species. Nomads produce valuable products like meat, hides, wool, and milk. Traditional pastoralism turns grasslands to economic advantage.

NOMADIC pastoralism is commonly practised in regions with little arable land, typically in the developed area, especially in the steppe lands north of the agricultural zone.In the dry season, the people move their herds to southern villages with a more temporary character. In the rainy season, the groups live in a village intended for a comfortable stay.Often traditional nomadic groups settle into a regular seasonal pattern of transhumance.

Some issues by Nomadic farming which include overgrazing, mining, agricultural reclamation, pests and rodents, soil properties, tectonic activity, and climate change. Desertification is another main issues for Nomadic farming. The effects can cause climatical changes and ecological imbalance.

Cattle herding

There are three types if Nomads: Nomadic hunters and gatherers, pastoral nomads, and tinker or trader nomads. The nomadic herders are dependent on sheep, cattle, goats, camels, horses and reindeers for their livelihood. There are several benefits to be gained by gathering into groups with others of the same species, including safety from predators, access to mates, and help in finding food. The advantages discussed here for animals that herd are true in large part.

 Central Asia, nomadic populations are associated with the earliest transmissions of millets,jowar and wheat grains. The regions that Nomads are including the proto-indo-eurasians and later Proto india angolas, Yuzehi ,Wusun, xianbei, khitan Pannonian,Mongols,Dzungars and various Turkics.

Awareness through education


Education is the crucial for every young. Education is not only about the bookish or theoretical knowledge,its about teaching young generations to understand and reflect on the physical and social world surrounding us so that they become citizens able to think critically, participate in decision-making and take action. 
Education is essential to aware the people about their rights, lives , their own way of life to prevent them from harmful activities. There are many ways to aware the people about education but yeah there provision must be require to attain this goal. Provision should be require training on women’s human rights and prevent from harmful activities, this step should be started from the schools through education.

RIGHT TO INFORMATION (RTI ACT 2005)

Right to Information (RTI) is an act of the Parliament of India which sets out the rules and procedures regarding citizens’ right to information. It replaced the former Freedom of Information Act, 2002. Under the provisions of RTI Act, any citizen of India may request information from a “public authority” (a body of Government or “instrumentality of State”) which is required to reply expeditiously or within thirty days. In case of matter involving a petitioner’s life and liberty, the information has to be provided within 48 hours. The Act also requires every public authority to computerise their records for wide dissemination and to proactively certain categories of information so that the citizens need minimum recourse to request for information formally.

This law was passed by Parliament on 15 June 2005 and came fully into force on 12 October 2005. Every day, over 4800 RTI applications are filed. In the first ten years of the commencement of the act over 17,500,000 applications had been filed.

RTI is a fundamental right for every citizen of India. The authorities under RTI Act 2005 are called quasi-judicial authorities. This act was enacted in order to consolidate the fundamental right in the Indian constitution ‘freedom of speech’. Since RTI is implicit in the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression under Article 19 of the Indian Constitution, it is an implied fundamental right.

Information disclosure in India is restricted by the Official Secrets Act 1923 and various other special laws, which the new RTI Act relaxes. Right to Information codifies a fundamental right of the citizens of India. RTI has proven to be very useful, but is counteracted by the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011.

The Right to Information (Amendment) Bill, 2019, seeks to amend Sections 13, 16, and 27 of the RTI Act. Section 13 of the original Act: It sets the term of the central Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners at five years (or until the age of 65, whichever is earlier).

Scope

The Act is applicable to the whole of India. Earlier, J&K Right to Information Act was in force in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. However, after the revocation of much of Article 370 of the Constitution of India, the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir (and also the Union Territory of Ladakh) came under the Central Act also. It covers all the constitutional authorities, including executive, legislature and judiciary; any institution or body established or constituted by an act of Parliament or a state legislature. It is also defined in the Act that bodies or authorities established or constituted by order or notification of appropriate government including bodies “owned, controlled or substantially financed” by government, or non-Government organizations “substantially financed, directly or indirectly by funds”.

Private bodies

Private bodies are not within the Act’s ambit directly. In a decision of Sarbjit roy vs Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission, the Central Information Commission also reaffirmed that privatised public utility companies fall within the purview of RTI. As of 2014, private institutions and NGOs receiving over 95% of their infrastructure funds from the government come under the Act.

Political parties

The Central Information Commission (CIC) held that the political parties are public authorities and are answerable to citizens under the RTI Act. The CIC said that seven national parties – Congress, BJP, NCP, CPI(M), CPI and BSP and BJD – has been substantially funded indirectly by the Central Government and have the character of public authorities under the RTI Act as they perform public functions. But in August 2013 the government introduced a Right To Information (Amendment) Bill which would remove political parties from the scope of the law. Currently no parties are under the RTI Act and there has a case been filed for bringing all political parties under it.

Amendment

The Right to Information Act 2019 passed on July 25, 2019 modified the terms and conditions of service of the CIC and Information Commissioners at the centre and in states. It had been criticized as watering down the independence of the information commissions

Supreme Court judgement

Supreme Court of India on 13 November 2019 upheld the decision of Delhi High Court bringing the office of Chief Justice of India under the purview of Right to Information (RTI) Act.

 

Governance and process

The Right to information in India is governed by two major bodies:

  • Central Information Commission (CIC) – Chief Information commissioner who heads all the central departments and ministries- with their own public Information officers (PIO). CICs are directly under the President of India.
  • State Information Commissions – State Public Information Officers or SPIOs head over all the state department and ministries. The SPIO office is directly under the corresponding State Governor.

State and Central Information Commissions are independent bodies and Central Information Commission has no jurisdiction over the State Information Commission.

Fees

A citizen who desires to seek some information from a public authority is required to send, along with the application (a Postal order or DD (Demand draft) or a banker’s cheque) payable to the Accounts Officer of the public authority as fee prescribed for seeking information. If the person is from a disadvantaged community, he/she need not pay. The applicant may also be required to pay further fee towards the cost of providing the information, details of which shall be intimated to the applicant by the PIO as prescribed by the RTI ACT.

Digital right to information systems

A digital portal has been set up, RTI Portal, a gateway to the citizens for quick search of information on the details of first Appellate Authorities, PIOs etc. amongst others, besides access to RTI related information / disclosures published on the web by various Public Authorities under the government of India as well as the State Governments. It is an initiative taken by Department of Personnel and Training, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.

Controversies

The Right to information in India has been mired with controversies ranging from their use in political battles, asking for educational degrees of political rivals, or cases of blatant refusals to provide information on high-profile projects to allegations of misuse by civil society. The backlash against RTI by the state hampered the citizen’s right to know.

Attacks on RTI activists and protection suggestions

Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) data points to over 310 cases across India where people were either attacked, murdered, physically or mentally harassed or had their property damaged because of the information they sought under RTI. The data throws up over 50 alleged murders and two suicides that were directly linked with RTI applications filed.

There is a consensus felt that there is a need to amend the RTI Act to provide for the protection of those seeking information under the Act. The Asian Centre for Human Rights recommends that a separate chapter, “Protection of those seeking information under the (RTI) Act”, be inserted into the Act.

Protection measures suggested include:

  • Mandatory, immediate registration of complaints of threats or attacks against RTI activists on the First Information Report and placing such FIRs before the magistrate or judge of the area within 24 hours for issuance of directions for protection of those under threats and their family members, and periodic review of such protection measures
  • Conducting inquiry into threats or attacks by a police officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police/Assistant Commissioner of Police to be concluded within 90 days and we also use RTI and get its benefit.

Intellectual property rights

Many civil society members have recently alleged the subversion of the right to information Act by the invocation of Intellectual Property rights argument by the government agencies from time to time.

Most notable are:

  • The Right to Information denied by RBI on Demonetization citing Intellectual Property Laws.
  • The Right to Information Denied by Uttar Pradesh Irrigation Department after more than 8 months of a wait on under construction Gomti Riverfront Development Project. A group of researchers requested for environment Impact and Project Report on the project which is flagged for negative impacts, tax money wastage by environmental scientists and research reports.

 

Rejection of RTIs

Scholars argue that the Right to Information Act’s original intent to make government transparent and accountable is faltering as RTI requests are rejected and the bureaucratic systems are bogged down by millions of requests.

Many RTIs are rejected because the bureaucratic requirements (including the technocratic language used) of filing are too onerous and legalistic for ordinary citizens. Sixty percent of the RTI appeals made to Information Commissioners in Delhi are rejected for a variety of reasons, including that appeals are not typed or not written in English, or lack an index of the papers attached or a list of date. This bureaucratic barrier, worse for those without access to higher education or information, makes the right to information inaccessible. Many citizens have to seek out NGOs, RTI activists, or lawyers, to file their RTIs.

Benefits

Many activists view the Right to Information Act as a final liberation from British colonialism; they describe the RTI law as “a tool for empowering ordinary citizens and changing the culture of governance by making it transparent, less corrupt, participatory, and accountable”. They also note that RTI requests provide strategy and substance for activists on a broad range of social issues, including “land and environmental rights, social security benefits, the working of financial institutions, political party financing reform, civic infrastructure, and even public-private partnerships”.

IS ANIMAL TESTING NECESSARY?

Over the time, the scientists and doctors have developed ways to test new products or medicines over the animals. Whenever the doctors come up with a cure for something, they try the medicine or the concerned products over the animals first. The product is tested on a number of different animals and only when it gives a helpful and positive outcome, it gets recommended for humans. Not only medicines but various different experiments are also conducted on animals.

Over the years, the different groups of people have either supported or criticized this system this system of animal testing. The opinion of the world is generally divided on whether the animal testing is right or wrong? Whether animals should be made the escape goats for the advantage of human race? A major class of people stands rightfully against animal testing as according to them it is an injustice being done to animals. These people say that if the lives of the humans are important, then the lives of the animals are also equally important. Just because humans are superior than animals don’t give them any right to consider the lives of others as being mere. There are many organizations like PETA(People for Ethical Treatment Of Animals) or PFA(People for Animal)etc. which are strictly against animal testing and have been trying to make it unlawful.On the other side according to the people who support animal testing , it is very important to create the right type of drug or medicine to save human lives. They believe if the humans are superior species and they have the power to dominate the over other life forms, they should dominate them and use them when required.

Some people believe since the act is cruel to animals, animal testing should be practiced only in extremely needed cases and in such ways they do harm as less animals as possible.

DAM FAILURES

A disaster management.

PATTIKONDA:24/07/2020.

A dam failure or dam burst is a catastrophic type of failure characterized by the sudden, rapid, and uncontrolled release of impounded water. Between the years 2000 and 2009 more than 200 notable dam failures happened worldwide. A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, that directs or slows down the flow, often creating a reservoir,lake or impoundments.

Dam failures are comparatively rare, but can cause immense damage and loss of life when they occur.Other cases include the Chinese bombing of multiple dams during typhoon NINA in 1975 in an attempt to drain them before their reservoirs overflowed.

  • Sub-standard construction materials/techniques
  • Spillway design error (near failure of 
  • Lowering of dam crest height, which reduces spillway flow
  • Geological instability caused by changes to water levels during filling or poor surveying
  • Sliding of a mountain into the reservoir  – not exactly a dam failure, but caused nearly the entire volume of the reservoir to be displaced and overtop the dam)
  • Poor maintenance, especially of outlet pipes
  • Extreme inflows.
  • Human, computer or design error or piping, especially in earthen dams
  • Earthquakes.
Over flow gives more damage.

The main causes of dam is overtopping: The crest dam is too high than capacity level.Foundation defects: error in constructions and failures of dam.Piping and seepage failures:These failures occur as a result of internal erosion caused by seepage and erosion.Conduit and valve failure: These failures occur as a result of problems with values and conduits.

Dam failures can be extremely harmful, especially because dams are considered “installations containing dangerous forces”.Many dam failures are also secondary results of other natural disasters such as earthquakes, land slides,heavy stroms, or heavy snow-melt. Other causes include equipment malfunction, structural damage, and sabotage.

In INDIA, The major failure is Machchhu dam failure or Morbi disaster was a dam-related flood disaster which occurred on 11 August 1979. The Machchu-2 dam, situated on the Machhu river, burst, sending a wall of water through the town of Morbi of Gujarat, India. The another dam failure is ratnagiri dam failure in 2019 in maharastra.

Machchu dam in india

Tik Tok Banned: What next?

Recently, Tiktok which is the most growing up a short video maker app in the Indian market among the youth is now being banned. This is due to Indo-China border disputes in which India claimed that China military personnel from eastern Ladakh violated the bilateral relationship at LAC. Few days back, some soldiers of china crossed the Line of Actual Control (LAC) while violating with Indian soldiers. That’s why the whole issue started. It is also said that the maintenance of peace and tranquility is being disturbed in Galwan Valley. After little conversation between the two, China is still not taking their troops back from the LAC which further resulted in banning of Chinese applications in India which includes Tik Tok.

However, Indian citizens are well known for its unity and the strength in their unity resulted of uninstalling of Chinese applications especially the most growing and popular among the Indians that is Tik Tok. Now, as if tik tok is banned, so what could be next? So here are the new similar applications like tik tok is being launched in India recently. And also it is the right time to launch an app like tik tok. As it would be a great business. Tik tok had a great business worldwide especially in countries like India with the most popular country. This is the reason why tik tok having a great business in India. Also being a largest sharing app in the world, the continuation of sharing videos is still going on. With this I meant Indian originated apps just like Tik tok which is now making a good business in Indian market. Some of the recent application that has been launched after banning tik tok as follows:

  1. Josh- it is India’s best short video app which is getting immense popularity within few days. About 10 million+ downloads.
  2. Doobido- completely Indian sharing video app which is setting fire on internet today. About 1000+ downloads.
  3. Lomotif- best app for iOS users which is slowly getting downloads. It is also an Indian app. Also you can share your videos on any social media platform from this app in one go. About 50 million+ downloads.
  4. Chingari- an Indian app which is launched by an Indian company and the most notable thing is that this app has no funding with any of the China Company’s. About 10 million+ downloads.
  5. Triller- a short video maker allows you to make funny videos and to show your talent within 15 seconds. This is like snapchat but having number of different features. About 10 million+ downloads.

Therefore, after the banning of tik tok in India people still can continue their fun by downloading these Indian originated apps. These apps have absolutely no funding with any china’s company. These are the top best 5 apps that have been downloading after the ban of tik tok. Hence, talent will continue to serve while using these top rated apps and users will be glad after finding or using these alternatives of tik tok.

EQ-Way To Job Approach 👨‍💻

EQ : Way to job approach

Emotional intelligence (EQ) is the ability to deal effectively with other people and their feelings as well as your own. In job hunting, a high EQ can produce a successful interview and ultimately a job offer. Unlike your intelligence quotient (IQ), which is genetically predetermined, you can increase your EQ through awareness. And EQ may be as much a predictor of success (if not a better one) than your IQ, especially in job hunting, where personal interaction plays an important role.       According to an interview published in Selling Power magazine, noted EQ researcher Rob Scher suggests the following five elements of EQ are particularly applicable to interviewing, especially when the targeted position is within a sales organization:AssertivenessBeing assertive helps you move the job opportunity forward without offending or frustrating the interviewer. Think of assertiveness as being located halfway between passivity and aggressiveness.For example, suppose you are trying to close on a job offer, but the interviewer is delaying the final decision. You can respond in one of three ways:Passive: “Could you give me a call when you’ve made a decision?”Assertive: “Could you give me a specific time and date when you’ll make your final decision?”Aggressive: “If you don’t hire me right now, I’ll go work for your competitor.”The first response is almost guaranteed to fail, while the third response, even if immediately successful, creates resentment. The second approach sets up specific conditions for the job offer without forcing the pace.Self-AwarenessIdentify your own feelings, and use them to cope effectively with the job-hunting process. Follow these steps:Identify which emotions you’re feeling. Are you angry? Sad? Self-conscious? Confident?Predict how your feelings will affect your performance during the job-hunting process.Compensate for negative emotions that might hinder your effectiveness, and expand positive ones that might help you get the job offer.For example, if you’re furious that your first interview was a no-show, take some time to calm down before you go on another interview.EmpathyAdapting to the interviewer’s moods and emotions is as important as recognizing your own. Empathy begins with effective listening and observation. But simply knowing what the interviewer might be feeling is not enough to be empathetic. You must actually be able to feel what the interviewer is likely to be feeling.For example, suppose you discover that the interviewer has just received some bad news. You can respond by:Proceeding with the interview as if nothing had changed, demonstrating low EQ.Suggesting another time for the interview, showing more moderate EQ.Taking a moment to imagine the sense of confusion that the interviewer might be feeling and, depending on the situation, decide whether he would prefer to commiserate or, alternatively, be distracted. If you’re unsure, ask the interviewer what he would like to do. This reveals high EQ. Problem-SolvingTo show the interviewer how you will help satisfy his organization’s needs, you need to act as a problem solver. Follow these steps:Discover what these really are. Don’t try to present yourself as a solution to a problem you don’t fully understand.Help the interviewer visualize how those needs could and should be satisfied.Show how hiring you could move the interviewer’s organization closer to the way the interviewer would like them to be.HappinessIt’s important to maintain a sense of balance when things go awry so you leave your prospective employer with a good impression.Suppose, for instance, an important job interview goes poorly. You might want to beat yourself up and question your worthiness to be hired. Instead, realize that every interview is different, and the next will probably be better. If you can take a bad interview in stride, you will be more likely to feel and communicate enthusiasm and energy during your next interview.