Tag: guidelines

Guidelines for Authors

Here are general guidelines for formatting a manuscript for submission to the International Journal of Research (IJR Journal). These are typical requirements, but it’s important to check the specific journal’s official website or submission portal for any updates.

1. General Formatting

File Format: Submit the manuscript as a Word document (.doc or .docx).

Font Style: Use Times New Roman.

Font Size: 12-point for the main text.

Line Spacing: Double spacing for the main text; single spacing for footnotes, references, and figure captions.

Margins: 1-inch margins (top, bottom, left, and right).

Page Size: A4 (8.27″ x 11.69″).

Page Numbering: Include page numbers at the bottom of each page.

Indentation: First line of each paragraph should be indented (0.5 inches).

Alignment: Justify the main text.

2. Title Page

Title: Bold, centered, and in title case (capitalize major words).

Authors: Include the full name(s) of the author(s) below the title, centered. Include affiliations and contact information (email addresses) below the author names.

Corresponding Author: Mark the corresponding author with an asterisk (*) and provide their full contact information (email, phone number, etc.).

Keywords: Provide 4-6 relevant keywords.

3. Abstract

The abstract should be between 150-250 words, summarizing the research aims, methods, results, and conclusions.

Place the abstract right after the title page.

Write the abstract in a single paragraph.

4. Main Text Structure

Introduction: Briefly introduce the research topic, objectives, and background.

Methodology: Provide detailed descriptions of research design, materials, and methods.

Results: Present the research findings, supported by figures, tables, and statistical analysis (if applicable).

Discussion: Interpret the results in relation to existing research and study objectives.

Conclusion: Summarize the key findings and their implications.

Acknowledgments (Optional): Thank individuals or institutions that contributed to the research.

5. Figures and Tables

Placement: Embed figures and tables within the text, or at the end of the manuscript (as per journal preference).

Numbering: Number tables and figures sequentially (Table 1, Table 2; Figure 1, Figure 2).

Captions: Place captions above tables and below figures, written in sentence case.

Format: Tables should be in editable format (not as images), and figures should be of high quality (300 DPI resolution).

6. Citations and References

Citation Style: Use the citation style required by the journal (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE).

In-text Citations: Include parenthetical citations (Author, Year) or as footnotes, depending on the style.

Reference List: Include all cited sources in a separate section at the end of the manuscript. Entries should be listed alphabetically by author’s last name.

DOIs: Include DOIs for journal articles if available.

7. Equations and Symbols

Equations should be numbered sequentially and presented clearly.

Use standard symbols, abbreviations, and SI units.

8. Ethical Considerations

Conflict of Interest: Declare any potential conflicts of interest.

Funding: Disclose the source(s) of funding for the research.

Ethical Approval: If human or animal subjects were involved, provide details on ethical approvals received.

9. Submission

Ensure the manuscript follows all journal-specific guidelines.

Submit via the journal’s online submission system.

Always refer to the IJR Journal’s submission guidelines for exact requirements, as they may have specific formatting rules or requirements.

Principles of Management

A principle refers to a fundamental truth, it establishes a cause and effect relationship between two or more sets of events. Principles can predict the results of certain causes in the given circumstances. According to George R. Terry “ Principle is a fundamental statement of truth providing a guide to thought or action”.  Thus on a basic principle, we may say that this is to be done and this is not to be done. A managerial principle is a broad and general guideline for decision-making and behavior, for example, while deciding about the promotion of an employee on my consider seniority, whereas the other may consider the principles of merit. Principles of management are different from that of principles of pure sciences. Management principles are not as rigid as principles of pure sciences they deal with human behavior and thus are to be applied creatively given the demand of the situation.

Management principles have not been developed overnight but a complete procedure to develop these principles is undertaken and these principles are developed by the management experts, first, the problems were born, then efforts were made to solve them and these efforts resulted in a lot of research work and finally the solutions were found out and these solutions are in the form of principles of management. The principles of management are derived in the following ways:

1. Based on deep observation/ study of the problem

  Researchers observe the problem in different situations and from different angles. They have to study deeply the problem, its cause, magnitude, consequences, and solutions.

2. Based on experimental studies

A decision or statement which is observed is tested in different organizations with different employees and if they get a favorable result, then the statement is given the name of a principle and a principle is derived. After understanding the meaning of principles and principles of management, it is very necessary to learn the nature and the need for the principles of management.

Based on the above guidelines the principles of the management were developed. Several principles of management have been developed to assist managers in performing their functions well, a large number of principles have been contributed by the management authors belonging to the traditional school of management thought and today there is a very lengthy list of management principles and these principles can be used by changing them according to the requirement and situation. The principles of management are not like the principles of physical sciences. The Principles of management cannot be rigid or absolute as they are not rules or laws and “No Principle operates automatically”. According to Henry Fayol “Principles of management are flexible and nor absolute, but must be utilized in the light of changing and special conditions”. Management principles are universal and these can be applied in different organizations like government, business, military, etc.. Principles of management are the fundamental statements of the truth of universal validity and these principles help the managers in solving managerial problems systematically and scientifically and methodologically.