By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) was a renowned Indian philosopher, statesman, and the second President of India. He was one of the most distinguished scholars of comparative religion and philosophy, and his contributions to Indian education, politics, and intellectual life were remarkable. Radhakrishnan is best remembered for his role as a teacher and philosopher, which earned him immense respect, especially among students. In fact, his birthday, 5th September, is celebrated annually as Teachers’ Day in India.

Early Life and Education

Born on September 5, 1888, in a small village called Tiruttani, Tamil Nadu, Radhakrishnan belonged to a modest Brahmin family. His father, Sarvepalli Veeraswami, was a revenue official, and his mother, Sitamma, a housewife. Radhakrishnan was a bright student from a young age. He completed his early education in Tiruttani and later moved to Vellore and then to Madras (now Chennai) for higher education.

He graduated from Madras Christian College with a Master’s degree in Philosophy. Radhakrishnan’s interest in philosophy developed during his university years, and his thesis on “The Ethics of the Vedanta” demonstrated his keen intellect and profound understanding of Indian philosophy. His work attracted attention for its depth and relevance, marking the beginning of his academic journey.

Academic Career and Philosophical Contributions

Radhakrishnan’s academic career was illustrious. He served as a professor of philosophy at several prestigious institutions, including the University of Mysore and the University of Calcutta. His lectures on Indian philosophy and religion were well-received both in India and abroad. His philosophical writings emphasized the importance of understanding Indian thought in a global context and promoted a bridge between Eastern and Western philosophies.

His works, such as The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore (1918), Indian Philosophy (1923), and An Idealist View of Life (1932), are regarded as monumental contributions to the field. Through these, Radhakrishnan introduced Indian philosophical concepts to the Western world, promoting intercultural understanding and the universality of spiritual thought.

Diplomatic and Political Career

Radhakrishnan’s influence wasn’t limited to academics alone. He played a significant role in India’s political and diplomatic affairs. After India gained independence in 1947, he was appointed as the Indian ambassador to the Soviet Union (1949-1952), a crucial position during the early Cold War period. His diplomatic skills helped strengthen India’s relations with the Soviet Union during a critical phase in global politics.

In 1952, he became the Vice President of India, a position he held until 1962, when he was elected as the second President of India. As President (1962-1967), Radhakrishnan emphasized the importance of education and the role of teachers in nation-building. He maintained the dignity of the office with his erudition and commitment to democratic values.

Philosophy and Legacy

Radhakrishnan believed in the unity of all religions and was a proponent of Vedanta, which advocates the idea of spiritual knowledge and the realization of self. He was deeply influenced by the Upanishads and argued that the ultimate goal of human life is the realization of the divine. His philosophical work also reflected a commitment to tolerance, peace, and the search for truth.

As a teacher, he inspired generations of students and became a symbol of intellectual integrity. His birthday, celebrated as Teachers’ Day in India, is a tribute to his immense contribution to education and his belief in the transformative power of teaching.

Conclusion

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s life was a testament to the power of knowledge, philosophy, and education. As a scholar, teacher, diplomat, and President, he left an indelible mark on the world, particularly in the realm of Indian philosophy and education. His legacy continues to inspire teachers and students, embodying the values of wisdom, understanding, and dedication to learning.

References

Choudhury, S. (2006). Educational Philosophy of Dr. Sarvepalli Radha Krishnan. Deep and Deep Publications.

Murty, K. S., & Vohra, A. (1990). Radhakrishnan: his life and ideas. State University of New York Press.

Schilpp, P. A. (Ed.). (1992). The Philosophy of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Motilal Banarsidass Publ..

Radhakrishnan, S., & Moore, C. A. (1957). A source book in Indian philosophy. Princeton University Press.